Zhu Xiaoge
Wu Chongyun (1921 ~ 1995), a sedimentologist, was one of the founders of sedimentary petrology in China. In the early 195s, the first batch of petroleum geology laboratories were established, and the first Reference Textbook of Sedimentary Petrology and Sedimentary Petrology in petroleum universities were edited, which was a pioneer in the teaching and textbook construction of sedimentary petrology in petroleum universities in China. She put forward and summarized the distribution, structure and sedimentary characteristics of Sarthou sandstone body in Daqing Oilfield, which provided reliable basic data for the exploration and development of Daqing Oilfield and was awarded the title of "Red Flag Bearer" by the Ministry of Petroleum Industry. His monograph Sedimentary Rock is the first monograph on sedimentary petrology in China. She founded the sedimentology of continental petroliferous basins in China, and the Sedimentology of China petroliferous basins edited by her is the first systematic monograph on sedimentology of continental petroliferous basins at home and abroad, which is of great value in theory and application. It was published twice by Petroleum Industry Press and published in English. She has made indelible contributions to the development of China's petroleum industry and sedimentary petrology.
Series on Geological History 6
Wu Chongyun, a native of Jiangjin County, Sichuan Province. In 1938, Nankai Middle School moved to Chongqing, and Wu Chongyun did not graduate from junior high school, that is, he applied for Nankai High School with the same academic qualifications and was admitted. When graduating from high school in 1941, some famous universities registered for the exam on different dates. Wu Chongyun registered for five universities: Chengdu Huaxi Ba Medical College, Department of Agricultural Economics of Jinling University, Chongqing University, Southwest Associated University and Department of Geology of Central University. It has been published one after another, and they have all been admitted. She liked physics and agriculture, but she thought that the development and utilization of resources were the key to the prosperity of the country, which was needed not only by the "War of Resistance" but also by future generations. My brother didn't trust her to travel to Kunming alone, and finally entered the Geology Department of Central University.
She is the only girl in the class of Geology Department of Central University. She studied so hard that the teachers in her department refused to let her go when she graduated. After graduation in 1945, he became the director of Zhang Geng and the teaching assistant of Professor Li Xueqing. After the victory of the "Anti-Japanese War", he went to Nanjing with Central University.
In p>1947, Wu Chongyun went to study in the Geology Department of Louisiana State University in the United States, where he studied micro-paleontology in sediments under the guidance of R.S.Russell, head of the department. He got his master's degree in the summer of 1949 and married Zhu Kangfu, an international student at the same school, in August. In January 195, he went to the Department of Geology of the University of Wisconsin to study for a doctorate. Soon after, in response to the call of New China, the couple returned to the motherland on the ship President Wilson in September 195 and joined the General Administration of Petroleum of the Ministry of Fuel Industry in November. Wu Chongyun and his wife donated nearly 2 dollars back to the country.
in p>1951, 56 days after giving birth to her first child, she took part in the preparation of the first national oil exhibition. According to the exploration policy "from west to east" put forward by Soviet experts after they came to China, the General Administration of Petroleum organized an exploration team. Shortly after the Spring Festival in 1952, she and several teachers took a group of young people out of Yumenguan in the west. As the only woman in the team and the team leader, she went deep into the site to conduct geological exploration in Qingcaowan, Hongshuxia and Jiyin Gongtai, and then transferred to Yumen as the director of the laboratory to set up a new laboratory. In the late spring of 1953, she went to Sichuan and Xi 'an on business again. Within a year and a half, the first batch of petroleum exploration laboratories were established in Yumen, Chengdu and Xi 'an respectively.
in p>1954, she went to the newly established Beijing petroleum institute as the director and associate professor of the department of mineral and rock in the department of geological exploration, teaching sedimentary petrology, general petrology, crystalline mineralogy, optical mineralogy and petrology of drilling geophysical exploration. At that time, Soviet textbooks were mainly used, which were not suitable for China's specific situation and should be rewritten. As the director of the teaching and research section, she organized and compiled teaching materials while teaching, and set up a laboratory at the same time.
In September, 1959, Songji No.3 well in Songliao Basin gushed oil. In December, Wu Chongyun weaned his third child, who had just been born for 4 months, and accompanied Soviet experts. The battle of Daqing began in the spring of 196. In March, Wu Chongyun and a group of teachers and students from the Petroleum Institute went to Daqing, and the leaders of the Ministry of Petroleum named her to be responsible for setting up the geological laboratory. In July, he was transferred to the contrast brigade of the front-line headquarters as the captain of Yanxin team, specializing in the collection, collation and analysis of drilling cores, which was an important part of obtaining all the accurate data at that time. Leaders of the headquarters, including Minister Yu Qiuli, have listened to her explain geological knowledge, and have since been called Professor Wu. I didn't return to Beijing until the end of the year. In 1962, I went to Daqing again and met Premier Zhou Enlai. During the development of Daqing Oilfield, she went to work in Daqing six times and was awarded the title of "Red Flag Bearer" by the Ministry of Petroleum Industry.
in p>1963, Wu chongyun was a member of the 4th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In December, Premier Zhou announced at the Fourth Session of the Second National People's Congress that China was basically self-sufficient in oil. "The era when China people used foreign oil will soon be gone forever." She listened to the report in the Great Hall of the People, excited by the gradual prosperity of the motherland, and gratified that she could participate in some work.
In November p>1969, Wu Chongyun moved to Dongying, Shandong Province with Beijing Petroleum Institute. In 197, he gave lectures to the first batch of workers, peasants and soldiers, took field practice, and taught students in accordance with their aptitude according to the uneven basic knowledge, which was well received.
In p>1974, she was seconded to Beijing. At that time, many large oil fields were found in carbonate rocks in the world, and there was also a large area of carbonate deposits in southern China. The leaders of the Ministry gave her this topic. Wu Chongyun translated and edited important international literatures on carbonate rocks, conducted on-the-spot investigations, and gave lectures for many classes and seminars on carbonate rocks.
in p>1977, Wu chongyun was transferred to China petroleum exploration and development research institute. in 1978, he served as the deputy chief geologist of the institute, working in the sedimentation room, and was the first batch of doctoral supervisors of the institute.
In p>1985, "Long-term and stable water injection development technology of anniversary Oilfield" won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress, with Wu Chongyun as the main participant. She is the first, second and third directors of China Petroleum Institute, the second and third directors of China Mineral and Rock Geochemistry Society, and the vice chairman of Sedimentary Society.
after 8 years, Wu chongyun completed the compilation of sedimentology of China petroliferous basin. The book was published twice by Petroleum Industry Press in 1992, won the "Seventh China Book Award" in 1993, and won the first prize of scientific and technological progress of China Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation in 1994. In 1997, Petroleum Industry Press published the English version of the book. At that time, Wu Chongyun died on August 7, 1995 at the age of 74.
1. The founder of the new China Petroleum Geology Laboratory
Wu Chongjun was one of the earliest students who returned to the United States after the founding of the People's Republic of China. At that time, the country was seriously short of oil, and the national leaders had noticed the importance of oil, and exploration for oil became the top priority of the General Administration of Petroleum. According to the opinions of Soviet experts, Gansu-Qinghai area is the key point. In the spring of 1952, she and the exploration team went out of Yumenguan in the west and went deep into the northwest plateau for field geological exploration, and served as the team leader. The field work was strengthened, and it soon showed that the laboratory work could not keep up. When Wu Chongyun was in Louisiana State University, his master's research topic was the study of micro-paleontology, which played a decisive role in dating sedimentary rocks. Most of the work was done in the laboratory. Therefore, the General Administration transferred her back to Yumen as the director of the laboratory and set up a new laboratory. Under the extremely difficult conditions at that time, she organized laboratories, deployed experimental equipment and trained talents. According to different experimental projects, she trained professionals in groups, which enabled the laboratory work to be carried out in an all-round way quickly, cooperated with field work, became the first petroleum geological laboratory in China, and quickly completed the comprehensive profile of Paleogene and Neogene rocks, which played a great role in the division of terrestrial Paleogene and Neogene strata lacking biological fossils, provided a basis for determining the drilling target horizon, created the research and application prospect of rock and mineral work in petroleum geological exploration, and trained a group of young people.
with the continuous development of geological exploration, the experimental analysis work is becoming more and more serious, and the popularization of experimental technology is imminent. In 1953, she went to Sichuan to set up a laboratory, and in the second half of the year, she built a national petroleum geology center laboratory in Xi 'an to train more young people. She was pregnant with her second child, but she didn't tell her colleagues. Just take a pair of boiled scissors and some gauze with you just in case. When running in the wild, the road is bumpy, so she puts her hand on her seat and sits on her hand to reduce bumps.
In this way, the first batch of petroleum geological laboratories in New China were established, which provided a lot of rich basic data and analysis results for petroleum exploration, greatly improved the scientific level of oil and gas exploration and development, and promoted the development of petroleum industry. The people she trained in those years later became the backbone in this field.
In the spring of p>196, Wu Chongyun participated in the Daqing Battle, and the leader of the Ministry of Petroleum named her to be responsible for setting up the geological laboratory. Later, he went to the contrast brigade under the frontline command to be the captain of the Yanxin team. The comparative analysis of drilling cores is an important aspect of finding out the reservoir stratum, calculating reserves and making development plans, and it is also an important link of "taking 2 items of data and 72 kinds of data completely and accurately". However, drilling coring is troublesome and affects the footage, and the drilling team does not pay much attention to it. In order to improve the heart rate and ensure the core quality, she led the team members to the drilling crew to eat, live and work with the workers, and at the same time preached the importance and significance of coring work. With the support of leaders and workers at all levels, the heart rate has been greatly improved, and the heart rate and core quality at key wells have met the requirements. At that time, the conditions of the Daqing Battle were extremely difficult. She led the whole team to collect and carry the cores themselves, and assembled the prefabricated house as a laboratory to sort out, keep and analyze the cores. According to core data and other geological data, the underground palace of Daqing Oilfield production experimental area was built. It has made important contributions to the development of Daqing Oilfield.
second, a pioneer in the teaching and textbook construction of sedimentary petrology in China's petroleum universities
In p>1954, Wu Chongyun was transferred to the newly established Beijing Petroleum Institute, where he was the first person to teach sedimentary petrology. At that time, the Ministry of Higher Education designated Soviet textbooks as the main ones, but they were not applicable. She taught herself Russian while taking on heavy teaching tasks, and two boxes of English books brought back from the United States could only be viewed at home; About 3, words of Reference Textbook of Sedimentary Petrology have been compiled, which greatly improved the teaching level of sedimentary petrology. This textbook printed by Beijing Petroleum Institute is the forerunner of sedimentary petrology teaching materials in universities of petroleum system in China. On the basis of this reference textbook, in 1962, she edited the textbook Sedimentary Petrology for petroleum universities, with 38, words, which was published by China Industry Press. This is the first officially published textbook of sedimentary petrology in China, and it is also the first textbook of sedimentary petrology written by China people themselves. Since then, this textbook has been adopted by almost all related majors in domestic universities, and its application scope far exceeds that of petroleum universities, and its influence is extensive and far-reaching.
In p>1963, Wu Chongyun organized experts from petroleum factories and mines to cooperate with the teachers in the Rock and Mineral Teaching and Research Department of Beijing Petroleum Institute, and spent three years compiling a monograph of 54, words, Sedimentary Rock. It was revised and edited several times later and published by the press of the Ministry of Fuel Chemical Industry in 1977. This is the first published monograph on sedimentary petrology in China. After the Cultural Revolution, Wu Chongyun edited the book and took great risks with the editors. However, once published, it was well received by geologists in universities, oil fields, exploration and other scientific research and production departments, and was widely used as a reference book.
after being transferred from petroleum institute in the late 197s, Wu Chongyun still presided over the 1982 edition and 1993 edition of Sedimentary Petrology edited by East China Petroleum Institute, which played an important role in the finalization of the two books. These two textbooks are the continuation and expansion of the above textbooks and monographs. Among them, Sedimentary Petrology (second edition) published by Petroleum Industry Press in 1993, with 1 million words, won the third special prize of excellent teaching materials in petroleum universities of China National Petroleum Corporation, which is the crystallization of more than 4 years' teaching practice and teaching material construction of two generations of China Shiyou University headed by Wu Chongyun.
Third, the founder of sedimentology of continental oil-bearing basins in China
Most of the oil fields abroad are marine sediments, while more than 9% of the crude oil reserves in China come from continental sediments or take continental sediments as source rocks, that is, source rocks. Therefore, the study of sedimentology in continental sedimentary basins is of great academic significance and practical application value to find out the generation, accumulation and distribution of oil and gas, and is of great significance to the development of China's petroleum industry.
since the discovery of Daqing oilfield and Shengli oilfield in China, Wu Chongyun has been teaching sedimentary petrology and compiling teaching materials, and at the same time, he has studied the continental sedimentary characteristics of China's oilfields. After being officially transferred to China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute in 1977, she made a further systematic study on the characteristics and laws of the continental oil-bearing basins in China and their relationship with oil fields, and went deep into oil fields many times. After decades of practice and research, she initiated the sedimentology of continental oil-bearing basins with China characteristics, and put forward the distribution law of Mesozoic and Cenozoic continental basins in China, lake classification and lake basin filling types, division of sedimentary environment inside lakes, types and distribution laws of sand bodies in lake basins, etc.
Wu Chongyun systematically and deeply studied the sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of Mesozoic-Cenozoic lakes in China, and put forward three principles to classify lake basins: paleotectonic properties, paleogeographic location and paleoclimate environment. Based on the comprehensive analysis results and the needs of practical application, the classification system of Mesozoic and Cenozoic lakes in China and 12 lake types are established, namely, offshore faulted freshwater lake, inland faulted freshwater lake, offshore depressed freshwater lake and inland depressed freshwater lake. Off-shore fault-depression transitional freshwater lake and inland fault-depression transitional freshwater lake; Offshore faulted salt lakes and inland faulted salt lakes; Offshore depression salt lake, inland depression salt lake, offshore fault-depression salt lake, inland fault-depression salt lake. She directed her research group to compile a series of sedimentary facies maps of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basins in China, showing the sedimentary evolution history of various lake basins and the environment of oil and gas generation and accumulation, laying a theoretical foundation for oil and gas resources evaluation and defining exploration fields.
Wu Chongyun deeply studied the sedimentary characteristics of ancient lakes, inspected and analyzed the shoreline changes, hydrodynamic conditions and the characteristics and distribution of corresponding sediments in modern lakes in detail, and proposed that three interfaces, namely wave base surface, dry water surface and flood surface, should be used as the basis for dividing the internal environment of lakes. These three interfaces control the distribution of source and reservoir; Good source rocks are distributed below the wave base surface, and most reservoir sand bodies such as delta, fan delta and beach bar are distributed between the wave base surface and flood surface. Turbidite sand bodies are located below the wave base. It is of great theoretical significance and application value to take three interfaces as the basis for the division of the internal environment of lakes, which has been widely agreed, popularized and applied.
Wu Chongyun systematically analyzed the sedimentary characteristics and genetic environment of various sand bodies developed from the near source area to the far source area in the lake basin, and put forward the principles and methods of division, identification marks and division system. The principle of division emphasizes that the lake basin should be considered as a whole, and the types of sand bodies should be classified according to the lake subfacies zone where the sand bodies are located, that is, the water depth, slope, distance from the source area, distance from the shore zone and distance from the estuary. The division method starts with the analysis of sedimentary facies, which not only studies the sedimentary characteristics of the sand body itself, but also studies the sedimentary characteristics and environmental factors of the surrounding rock of the sand body. In fact, it is a comprehensive analysis method of sedimentary facies based on the principle of facies combination, which improves the prediction ability and exploration foresight of the sand body. Lake sand bodies are divided into five categories: delta, fan delta, underwater fan, beach bar and generalized turbidite sand bodies. For the identification marks of various sand bodies, from the sedimentary environment, surrounding rock characteristics, sedimentation, sand body characteristics, main development stages, adjacent sand bodies and similar sand bodies,