I. Scope of application
(1) This recommended practice is applicable to newly-built, expanded or rebuilt roof waterproofing works. It is suitable for buildings with 1-4 durability specified by ministerial standards.
(2) In recent years, with the continuous development of new waterproof materials, the waterproof construction technology has also changed accordingly. In addition to the common linoleum thermal bonding method, various new types of coiled materials have been used in roof cold bonding method, hot melting method, self-bonding method and other technologies for many years.
It is advanced, scientific and practical.
Now, some mature and reliable roofing waterproofing practices, such as new asphalt waterproofing membrane, polymer modified asphalt waterproofing membrane, synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane, etc., can be used in roofing waterproofing projects, and are recommended for designers and constructors to choose.
Second, the basic design requirements
(1) According to the nature, importance, functional requirements, structural characteristics and waterproof service life of buildings, roof waterproofing is divided into four grades and fortified according to different grades (see Table 2).
(II) The new waterproof membrane used in the recommended practice design must meet the technical requirements of the membrane and be strictly constructed.
(3) The roof is divided into main roof and main roof.
According to the designer, the owner's roof is cement mortar, floor tiles and so on.
Do not cover the roof with protective layer, such as reflective paint, coarse sand, mung bean stone, etc.
(4) The drainage slope of flat roof is 2%, the drainage slope of external eaves gutter is ≥ 1%, the drainage slope of impinges mouth is 3~5%, and the drainage slope of master bedroom roof should be 2%.
(5) There are four methods for coil paving.
1. Hot melt method: refers to the method of melting the hot melt adhesive at the bottom of waterproof coiled material with a heater to realize the bonding between coiled material and base, which is called hot melt method.
2. Cold bonding method: refers to the method of directly bonding waterproof coiled material with base course with cementing material, which is called cold bonding method.
3. Self-adhesive method: refers to the method of directly bonding waterproofing membrane to the base without heat treatment or other bonding materials with self-adhesive agent, which is called self-adhesive method.
4. Hot asphalt method: refers to the method of directly bonding waterproof coiled material with base by hot asphalt binder, which is called hot asphalt method.
(6) According to different construction technologies, roofing coiled materials can be constructed by methods such as full pasting, strip pasting, point pasting and empty paving. When the shop is stuck, the air under the coil should be discharged at the same time. The coil should be flat and firm, and the joints must be full of glue and tight.
1. Full adhesion: that is, when the waterproofing membrane is laid, the membrane is bonded to the whole area of the base.
2. Strip bonding: that is, when the waterproofing membrane is laid, the membrane and the base layer are bonded only by strips. That is, a strip bond with a width of 200~250mm is made in the middle of the coil web. Strip bonding is also called strip paving method, and the bonding area is not less than 25%.
3. Point bonding: that is, when waterproofing membrane is laid, only point bonding is implemented between the membrane and the base, which is also called flower laying method. The total bonding area is generally 6%, with more than 5 bonding points per square meter, and the area of each point is100×100 mm.
4. Empty paving: that is, when laying waterproof coiled materials, except that the coiled materials are closely bonded, the coiled materials are bonded to the base only within a certain width around, and the rest are not bonded.
(seven) roofing waterproof practice according to the design requirements of material selection and construction.
Generally, the laying direction of roofing coil should be determined according to the roof slope and whether the roof shakes:
When the roof slope is less than 3%, the coil should be laid parallel to the roof;
When the roof slope is 3%~ 15%, the coiled material can be laid parallel or perpendicular to the roof ridge;
When the roof slope is greater than 15% or the roof vibrates, it can be laid vertically on the roof ridge, and the upper and lower coils shall not be laid vertically.
When the slope exceeds 25%, it is not suitable for waterproofing.
(8) The lap width of coil shall meet the requirements in Table 3.
(9) Waterproof details such as the angle of yin and yang, pipe root and impinges mouth of the roof must be treated with additional layers.
(10) Paving, overlapping, docking and sealing of roofing waterproofing membrane; The flat roof self-drainage, cornice drainage, parapet drainage, roof spout, roof and wall connection, roof vent pipe (pipe root) and other details are treated.
Third, the basic requirements of construction
(1) Project preparation
1. Before construction, the drawings should be reviewed to understand the waterproof detail structure in the roof construction drawing, as well as the related roof elevation and its technical requirements. And prepare the roof waterproof project construction scheme or technical measures.
2. The waterproof materials used should pass the technical appraisal and have the factory certificate of materials, as well as the certificate of waterproof material use issued by the Municipal Construction Committee. Materials must meet the design requirements.
Waterproof materials entering the site shall be spot-checked and rechecked according to regulations, and can be used on time only after the rechecking results reach the technical indicators.
3. Roofing waterproof project must be constructed by waterproof professional team. Construction personnel should wear work clothes, soft-soled shoes and gloves when operating, wear anti-virus protection safety equipment when necessary, and take safety protection measures.
(2) Operating conditions
1. Base 15~20mm thick cement mortar screed-coat shall be leveled and calendered, solid and firm, free from sand, uneven, loose, bulging, cracks and pits. Check the flatness with a 2m-long ruler, and the clearance between the leveling layer and the ruler shall not exceed 5mm.
2. The surface of the leveling layer must be dry, and the cement mortar should have sufficient strength, and its moisture content is ≯9%. When the leveling layer is difficult to dry, the exhaust roof can be used.
3. The pipe fittings, equipment or embedded parts connected with the leveling layer shall be installed before the insulation layer construction to avoid drilling after the waterproof layer is completed.
4. Joints between leveling layer and prominent roof structure (parapet, vertical wall, skylight wall, deformation joint, chimney, etc.). ) and corner (impinges mouth, cornice, gutter, cornice, roof, etc. ) It should be curved. The radius of arc should be selected according to the type of coil, and a slightly lower pit should be made around the internal drainage outlet.
5. The slope of leveling layer, i.e. flashing, shall meet the requirements of relevant design regulations, and no local water accumulation is allowed.
(3) Precautions
1. Building materials and auxiliary materials are mostly flammable, and warehouses and construction sites where materials are stored should be equipped with fire-fighting equipment. The use of solvents such as xylene should have corresponding anti-virus measures. The construction site must comply with the relevant national regulations on safety and fire prevention.
2. When working in a dangerous place, such as hanging or working vertically, the operator must wear a safety helmet and a safety belt.
3. No construction is allowed above category 5 wind (including category 5).
4. The construction of hot-melt polymer modified asphalt waterproofing membrane shall not be lower than-10 C; The site construction of synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane shall not be less than-5c; Asphalt waterproofing membrane is generally not constructed in winter. If construction is really necessary, the temperature shall not be lower than +5℃ ... The construction of roof waterproofing membrane shall not be carried out in rainy and snowy days.
(D) Strengthen management
1. Waterproof construction should be coordinated with related processes. Construction personnel * * * will not damage the waterproof layer, and will not wear shoes with nails on the waterproof layer of the roof, so pay attention to the protection of finished products.
2. Adjust the labor organization according to the change of the construction operation surface, with 5-8 people in each group.
3. It is forbidden to trample after the waterproof layer is paved, and protective measures must be taken.
4. After the waterproof layer is laid, water storage or water spraying test should be done, and then the roof covering protective layer should be done after no leakage is confirmed.
Four, roof waterproof acceptance and warranty period
(1) The waterproofing quality of coiled material roof shall meet the following requirements before acceptance:
1. After completion, the coiled material waterproof roof shall be free of leakage and water accumulation.
2. All materials must meet the quality standards and design requirements.
3. Waterproof layer paving method and coil lap sequence should comply with the regulations, lap width should be accurate, and joints must be strictly caulked and sealed. The surface of the coil is flat and firm.
4. The node practices must meet the design requirements.
5. Every time a process is completed, there must be a special person to check it, and the next process can only be carried out after it is qualified.
6. After the construction of roof waterproofing project is completed, all technical data shall be sorted out in time and filed well.
(2) Warranty period
The warranty period of all kinds of coiled material roofing waterproof works is at least three years. The construction unit shall sign an agreement with the user. If there is any leakage during the warranty period, the construction unit shall be responsible for repairing it, and the expenses shall be borne by the responsible party.
Waterproof construction technology of roofing membrane
A, EPDM-butyl rubber waterproofing membrane cold operation construction technology
Epdm waterproofing membrane belongs to synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane, which is a highly elastic waterproof material made of EPDM polymerized from ethylene, propylene and dicyclopentadiene as the main body, with proper amount of butyl rubber, vulcanizing agent, accelerator, softener, reinforcing agent and filler. It has the characteristics of aging resistance, long service life, high tensile strength, large elongation, strong adaptability to base cracking and deformation, light weight and single-layer cold working construction.
(1) construction preparation
1. material
(1) EPDM waterproofing membrane
standard
Thickness1.2mm,1.5mm.
Width 1.0 mm
Length 20 mm
The technical performance shall meet the requirements of schedule 1.
(2) Basic treatment agent, basic adhesive, coil joint adhesive, steel bar sealant, colorant and other auxiliary materials shall meet the requirements in Schedule 2.
2. Machines and tools: prepare according to the requirements in Schedule 3.
(2) Construction technology
1. process flow
Cleaning the base → coating the base treatment agent → additional layer treatment → coating the coil surface → coating the base surface → bonding the coil → exhausting and compacting.
→ Bonding of coil seams → Compaction → Sealing edge of coil ends → Protective layer.
2. Key points of operation process
(1) Clean up the base course: clean up the qualified base course before construction.
(2) Brush base treatment agent: coat polyurethane primer.
(a) Preparation of polyurethane primer
Polyurethane materials are mixed according to the ratio of A: B = 1: 3 (weight ratio), and coating construction can be carried out after uniform stirring. It can also be made of polyurethane material according to the ratio of A: B: Xylene =1:1.5:1.5, and then coated after uniform stirring.
(b) painting polyurethane primer.
Before large-scale painting construction, dip the primer with a paint brush and evenly paint it on complex parts such as internal corners, pipe roots and impinges ports. Brush large areas with a long roller brush. When applying primer, it is not allowed to expose the bottom, and the thickness is uniform. After the primer is completely dried, the construction of the next procedure will be carried out.
(3) Construction of additional layers: additional layers must be made at the corners of yin and yang, pipe roots and impinges ports. Self-adhesive sealant or polyurethane coating can be used, and a layer of EPDM coil can also be used for treatment.
(4) Coating CX-404 glue on the coiled material and leveling layer: mixing CX-404 glue evenly in the barrel.
(a) coil coating. Spread the coil on a clean substrate and spread it evenly with a roller brush dipped in CX-404 glue. The overlapping parts should not be glued.
(b) Paste the leveling layer. On the leveling layer with dry primer, evenly brush CX-404 glue with a long roller brush. The coating surface should not be too large, and then dry the glue.
(5) coil paste
After the glue on the coil and leveling layer is basically dry (it feels non-sticky, usually about 20min minutes), the coil can be laid.
(a) Roofing works: The coiled material shall be laid upward from the cornice parallel to the roof. Pay attention to the gradient of two-way running water, and the lap width of the coil should be downstream. Empty shop, point glue, glue, long side and end lap width is 100mm, full glue is 80mm, end summer-planting should be staggered by 250 mm
(b) according to the position of the coil configuration, starting from the downhill of the running water, pop up the standard line, so that the long direction of the coil is perpendicular to the slope direction of the running water.
(c) Laying the coiled material along the standard line, first roll the coiled material coated with adhesive into a roll, and insert one from the central hole. 30×1500mm
1. The roof should be flat and free of water, and the water storage (sprinkling) test is qualified.
2. Between coils, the joint between base and coil should be firmly bonded, without wrinkles, holes, delamination or sliding.
3. The lap width between coils shall be pasted according to the requirements in Table 3, the edge sealing shall be tight, and the coil ends shall be firmly bonded.
4. The colored protective coating should be firmly attached to the coil, covering evenly and tightly, with the same color, and there should be no leakage and peeling.
5. When the waterproof project is completed and accepted, a complete set of materials, product certificate, certification certificate, retest report, construction scheme and other documents shall be provided.
(4) finished product protection
1. Construction personnel should carefully protect the waterproof layer to prevent it from being punctured by construction machines and tools. Construction workers are not allowed to wear shoes with nails to walk on the waterproof layer of coiled material.
2. During construction, it is necessary to strictly avoid the pollution of finished walls, cornices and other parts by grass-roots treatment agents, various binders, colorants and other materials.
3. Impingement is not allowed to block sundry.
(5) Precautions
1. Building materials and auxiliary materials are mostly flammable, and fireworks are strictly prohibited in warehouses and construction sites where materials are stored.
2. Every time the construction machines and tools are used up, they should be cleaned with organic solvents such as xylene or gasoline in time. After cleaning, the solvent should be preserved or disposed of.
3. When it rains or the grass-roots level is not dry after the rain, the laying construction of coiled materials shall not be carried out, so as to avoid loose bonding or bulging of coiled materials. Cracking phenomenon. On snowy days, construction is prohibited above category 5 wind.
4. Operators must wear safety belts when working on dangerous parts such as steep slopes and overhangs.
Second, the construction technology of chlorinated polyethylene-rubber * * * mixed waterproofing membrane
Chlorinated polyethylene-rubber * * * mixed waterproofing membrane belongs to synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane, which is made of chlorinated polyethylene resin and synthetic rubber as the main body, and a proper amount of vulcanizing agent, accelerator, stabilizer, softener and filler are added. Proces into a high-elasticity waterproof coiled material. This kind of waterproof coiled material has the characteristics of both plastic and rubber, which has high strength and excellent aging resistance, as well as high elasticity, high ductility and good low temperature resistance of rubber material.
(1) construction preparation
1. material
(1) chlorinated polyethylene-rubber * * * mixed waterproofing membrane.
Specification thickness:1.2mm; ; 1.5mm
Width:1.0mm; ; 1.2 mm
Length: 20 meters
The technical performance shall meet the requirements in Schedule 4, and the reference quantity of supporting materials is shown in Schedule 5.
(2) Basic treatment agent, basic adhesive, coil joint adhesive, reinforced sealant, colorant, self-curing adhesive tape and other supporting materials shall meet the requirements in Schedule 2.
(2) Construction technology
1. process flow. Construction technology of EPDM waterproofing membrane.
2. Key points of operation process
(1) Clean the base and brush the base treatment agent that meets the construction requirements of EPDM waterproofing membrane.
(2) Additional layer construction
Additional layers must be made at the corner of yin and yang, pipe root and impinges mouth, and self-adhesive sealant tape or polyurethane coating can be used.
(3) coating adhesive at the grass-roots level
For roof waterproofing projects with full adhesion method and strip adhesion method, base glue should be coated on the surface of leveling layer and coiled material respectively.
Full adhesion method: 80mm overlapping parts are reserved, the rest are all painted, and the surface of leveling layer is fully painted.
Strip bonding method: scribing on the surface of leveling layer, coating adhesive on the base according to the lines, scribing on the corresponding position on the surface of coil, and coating adhesive.
Empty paving method: within 800mm from the roof periphery, the base glue is fully coated by full adhesion method, and the rest parts are not coated with base glue.
(4) coil paste
After the surface of the coil and the primer coated with leveling layer are dried, the coil can be paved (the coil surface can be paved directly by empty paving method without gluing). According to the datum line, roll the coil horizontally with a clean roller immediately after it is unfolded to eliminate air.
(5) The coiled material should be configured along the long direction, starting from the downhill of running water, and the lap joint parallel to the roof should lap in the direction of running water; The overlapping direction perpendicular to the roof should overlap along the dominant wind direction.
Coil seam width: full adhesion method: 80 mm
Empty paving method and strip bonding method:100 mm.
Bonding method: Turn the lap joint upside down, temporarily fix the reverse side of the turned-over coil with coil joint glue, evenly coat the glue on the surfaces of the turned-over two coils, and after being basically dried, uncover the temporarily fixed glue and stick the lap joint, and then roll it horizontally and sequentially with a hand-held press roller.
(6) Sealing treatment of coil end:
The edges and ends of the lap joints shall be tightly sealed with polyurethane caulking paste or one-component chlorosulfonated polyethylene caulking paste, and the joints can be pressed with cement mortar mixed with 107 glue with cement content of 20%.
(7) Protective layer construction
(a) Apply surface protection coating evenly on the surface of the coil, and don't roll it on the roof.
(b) Master cheng yen's roof shall be protected by laying floor tiles according to the design requirements.
(3) Project acceptance, finished product protection, matters needing attention and requirements of EPDM waterproofing membrane.
Three. Construction technology of LYX-603 chlorinated polyethylene waterproofing membrane
LYX-603 chlorinated polyethylene waterproofing membrane belongs to synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane, which is made of chlorinated polyethylene as the base material and glass grid cloth as the skeleton through calendering and compound processing.
(1) construction preparation
1. material
(1) LYX-603 chlorinated polyethylene waterproofing membrane
Specifications:
Thickness1.2mm
Width 900 mm
Weight1.8kg/m2
Area of 20 square meters/roll
The technical performance shall meet the requirements in Schedule 6. See Schedule 2 and Schedule 7 for the dosage of adhesive and supporting materials.
2. Machines and tools: prepare according to the requirements in Schedule 3.
(2) Construction technology
1. process flow: same as the construction process of EPDM waterproofing membrane.
2. Key points of operation process:
(1) Cleaning the base: Before construction, clean the qualified base and brush the base treatment agent.
(2) Construction of additional layer: same as the additional layer of EPDM waterproofing membrane.
(3) Apply adhesive to the coil: lay the coil flat on a clean and flat base, and wipe off the isolation powder on both sides of the coil 150mm with cotton yarn dipped in gasoline. Dip LYX-603-3 glue with a brown brush and evenly spread it on the surface of the coil and the side of the base 150mm wide. Coil and coil overlapping parts and coil joint parts are temporarily not coated with adhesive.
(4) Coating adhesive on the base layer: Dip the adhesive with a brown brush, and quickly and evenly coat it on the base layer corresponding to the coating width of the coiled material, with the same width. The construction of paving coil can only be carried out after the feel is basically dry.
(5) Laying the coil: insert the iron pipe into the center of the coil coated with adhesive. Two people hold both ends of the iron pipe respectively, stick and fix one end of the coil in a predetermined position, and then unfold the coil along the marking line. Don't stretch the coil too tightly when unfolding, but do it in a relaxed state. Lay coils while aligning the alignment lines. The coiled material connected between the plane and the facade should be paved from bottom to top, and the coiled material should be close to the internal corner, and there should be no empty drum phenomenon.
(6) Air removal: When paving the coil, scrape and press it with a rubber scraper according to the transverse order of the coil, especially the additional layer (when it is fully pasted), so as to completely remove the air between the coil and the base.
(7) Rolling: After the air is exhausted, it can be rolled with a small iron roller wrapped with rubber, and the corners and flashing parts of the roof should be rolled in sequence to ensure firm and dense bonding, and no hollowing is allowed.
(8) Bonding method of coil seams: Before coming off work, use LYX-603-2 to bond the long and short sides of the coil. The lap width between coils shall be pasted according to the requirements in Table 3. When gluing, you should start from one end and press one by one by hand in sequence. Wrinkling, cocking, curling and mouth opening are not allowed. After bonding, use a hand-held roller to press it hard and carefully in sequence. When the coil overlaps three layers, it must be filled with sealing paste.
(9) Handling of coil end: The coil end should lie in the groove and the end should be sealed with building sealant. After the sealant is cured, it can be leveled with cement mortar mixed with latex and sealed by calendering.
(10) Water storage test and coloring agent: After the coil is laid, water storage test shall be conducted. The water depth at the highest slope of the roof shall not be less than 100mm, and the time shall not be less than 24h. No leakage should be observed. After passing the test, the dust and sundries on the surface of the coil should be removed. Brush the colorant evenly on the surface of the coil with a long-handled roller brush. The master's roof can be tiled or covered with a rigid cover.
(3) Project acceptance, finished product protection and matters needing attention are the same as those of EPDM waterproofing membrane.