Fiber optic access refers to end-users connecting to the local equipment via a fiber optic connection. According to the different degree of fiber penetration into the user, fiber optic access can be divided into FTTB (Fiber To The Building), FTTP/FTTH (fiber optic cable has been extended to the home or business), FTTO, FTTC and so on. Fiber is one of the most ideal transmission mediums for broadband networks, which is characterized by large transmission capacity, good transmission quality, low loss, and long relay distances.
Basic introduction Chinese name ：Fiber Aess Foreign name ：Fiber Aess Features ：Transmission capacity, good transmission quality, small loss Introduction, access structure, access steps, scope of application, access mode, Ethernet access, advantages, technical characteristics, access mode, classification and business, network access, company access, the latest news, statistics, Introduction Fiber-optic access refers to the bureau and the subscriber as the transmission media. Fiber optic access refers to the relationship between the office and the subscriber, using optical fiber as the transmission medium. Fiber access can be divided into active optical access and passive optical access. The main technology of fiber optic subscriber network is light wave transmission technology. The multiplexing technology of fiber optic transmission is developing quite fast, and most of them are already in practical use. The most used multiplexing technologies are time division multiplexing (TDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), code division multiplexing (CDM) and so on. According to the degree of fiber penetration into the user, it can be divided into FTTC, FTTZ, FTTO, FTTB, FTTH and so on. Fiber optic communication differs from wired electrical communication, which uses metallic media to transmit signals, while fiber optic communication uses transparent optical fibers to transmit light waves. Although both light and electricity are electromagnetic waves, the frequency range differs greatly. The highest frequency of general communication cable is about 9 ~ 24 MHz (Hz), fiber optic operating frequency between ~ Hz.
Fiber optic access network Fiber optic access network refers to the network environment with optical fiber as the transmission medium. Fiber optic access network can be technically divided into two categories: active optical network (AON, Active Optical Neork) and passive optical network (PON, Passive Optical Neork). Active Optical Neork can be further divided into SDH-based AON and PDH-based AON; Passive Optical Neork can be divided into Narrowband PON and Wideband PON. Since the transmission medium used in Fiber Optic Access Network (FOAN) is fiber optics, FOAN can be classified into FTTC (Fiber to the Curb), FTTZ (Fiber to the Zone), and FTTB (Fiber to the Building) according to the degree of optical fiber penetration into the user base, FTTO (fiber to the office) and FTTH (fiber to the home), which are collectively referred to as FTTx. FTTx is not a specific access technology, but rather the degree to which optical fibers are advanced in the access network or the strategy for their use. Access Architecture The three system architectures of the access loop are FTTN, FTTC, and FTTH. Each architecture has its own applications and advantages in the development of the network, and each is a key part of the process of economically evolving into a full-service network. FTTN offers the benefit of pushing fiber further into the subscriber network. It creates a platform for connecting to the Internet that can deliver voice, high-speed data, and video services to a large number of homes without the need to completely rebuild access loops and distribution networks. Depending on demand, a plug-in can be added at the fiber node to provide the required services. The FTTN will be overlaid on and utilize the existing copper distribution network before the fiber node is moved to the roadside FTTC or home (FTTH) due to service drivers or network reconstruction. The basic requirement for this network architecture is that in order to provide broadband or video services, the nodes should be in the range of 4,000 to 5,000 feet from the home. In contrast, today's nodes typically serve distances up to 12,000 feet. Therefore, three to five FTTN nodes need to be installed per service area. FTTC or FATH fiber (fiber almost to the home) has several more advantages over FTTN. When FTTC is used to rebuild an existing network, it eliminates errors that may be introduced by cable transmission. It allows the fiber to penetrate deeper into the subscriber network, which reduces the occurrence of potential network problems and deterioration of performance due to field operations.FTTC is the most robust and "deployable" network, and is the one that can evolve to FTTH in the future. It is also the most cost-effective solution for new construction and redevelopment. A disadvantage of this network architecture is the need to provide a copper power supply system. A remote power supply system located at the local office can power 50 to 100 curb-side fiber optic network units, and the use of separate power supply units for each curb-side node is very costly and does not meet long-term service requirements in the event of a sustained power outage. As the ultimate form of network to provide fiber to the home, FTTH removes the entire copper wiring infrastructure: feeders, wiring, and lead-in wires. For all broadband suites, this structure is the most robust and long-lasting solution for the future. It also removes all the maintenance required for copper wires and greatly extends the life of the network. The end of the network connection is the user's residential equipment. At the user's home, a network termination device is required to convert the bandwidth and data streams into a receivable video signal (NTSC or PAL) or data link (10 megabit Ethernet). There are two types of equipment that can be utilized for off-pair digital subscriber lines (ADSL and G.Lite data machines (for data services and INTERNET access) or VDSL residential gateways that handle broadband (for video and data services). Like the local HDT, the residential gateway (RG) device is the access platform for all services within the home. It provides network connectivity and distribution of all services to the various network elements in the home. the RG device is the network interface for all network architectures, including FTTN, FTTC, and FTTH, so it can adapt to smooth transitions of various configurations. Access Steps (1) Use an ordinary router (e.g., Huawei 2621) serial interface on the client side to connect to the client fiber Modem; (2) The client fiber Modem is directly connected to the fiber Modem of the closest MAN node to the client through the fiber optics; (3) Finally, it is accessed through the ISP's backbone network outlet to the Inter. Different fiber access technologies have different applications. Active optical access technology is suitable for the access of enterprises and institutions with large bandwidth demand and high confidentiality of communication. It can also be used in the feeder section and distribution section of the access network, and mixed with other access technologies based on wireless or copper transmission.
Fiber Optic Access ATM-PON can be used to solve the enterprise user access, but also to solve the residential user access. Some carriers utilize an "ATM-PON + xDSL" hybrid access solution to address broadband access for residential or enterprise customers. Narrowband PON is mainly oriented to residential users, but can also be used to solve the access of small and medium-sized enterprises and institutions. In addition, the service range of PON does not exceed 20 kilometers, but through the "active optical network + passive optical network" hybrid networking scheme, can make up for this drawback. Access Fiber-optic access can ensure that the user to provide 10MBPS, 100MBPS, 1000MBPS high-speed bandwidth, can be directly connected to the CHINANET backbone node. It is mainly applicable to the high-speed access to INTERNET high-speed interconnection of commercial group users and intelligent community area network.
* Due to standard PC architecture, a certain amount of memory is reserved for system usage and therefore the actual memory size is less than the stated amount.
Fiber + Ethernet access Applicable objects: has been done or to facilitate the integrated wiring and system integration of residential and commercial buildings.
Fiber optic access The main network products required: switches, hubs, ultra-five cable and so on.
Fiber + HOMPEPNA Applicable objects: not good or not easy to comprehensive wiring and system integration of residential and hotel buildings. The main network products required: HOMEPNA special switch (HUB) HOMEPNA special terminal products (MODEM) and so on.
Fiber +VDSL Applicable objects: not good or not easy to comprehensive wiring and system integration of community housing and hotel buildings. The main network products required: VDSL dedicated switch VDSL dedicated terminal products.
Fiber + Category 5 cable access (FTTx + LAN) to "Gigabit to the community, 100 megabytes to the building, 10 megabytes to the user" as the basis for the realization of the optical fiber + Category 5 cable access is particularly suitable for China's national conditions. It is mainly applied to the relative concentration of users in residential areas, enterprises and institutions and colleges and universities. FTTX is a fiber optic transmission to the (roadside, community, building -), LAN for the regional network. Mainly residential communities, senior office buildings and colleges and universities, teachers and students dormitories, etc. have broadband Internet access needs of users for integrated wiring, individual users or business units can be connected to the user's computer through the line to the Ethernet card within the Category 5 cable to achieve high-speed Internet access and high-speed interconnections.
Fiber Optic Direct Access is for the exclusive use of fiber optic high-speed Internet access needs of large enterprises and institutions or groups of users to provide, the transmission bandwidth of 2M, according to the user's needs bandwidth can be up to Gigabit or greater bandwidth. Business characteristics: According to the user group's demand for different rates, to achieve high-speed Internet access or high-speed interconnection between enterprise regional networks. At the same time, due to the fiber optic access method of uploading and downloading have a high bandwidth, especially suitable for distance learning, telemedicine, video conferencing, and other external information dissemination of a large amount of online sets. Suitable user groups: living in the integrated wiring has been or is convenient to carry out the residential, community and office buildings more concentrated users; have exclusive use of optical fiber demand for large enterprises and public institutions or groups of users. Ethernet connection In recent times, service providers have been peddling high-density fiber optic backbone networks, and enterprise users are waiting for the submission of such high-speed services. Although the high-density fiber optic network that guarantees to provide a huge amount of available bandwidth has been built, the demand for network services is closed in the box of local loop access technology based on time-division multiplexing (TDM). Business users with evolving bandwidth needs are dissatisfied with waiting weeks to add a T-1 line or months to upgrade to a T-3 line. The very promising solution will enable fiber-optic bandwidth deployments to utilize softwares instead of hardwired network access across rigid TDM infrastructures to configure multiple services, each with different service levels and speed guarantees remotely adjusted by softwares commands. Such software-adjustable services aimed at meeting the need for additional bandwidth for multiple services can be configured in days rather than weeks, without costly engineering or field upgrades, and provide the exact amount of bandwidth capacity needed immediately when it is needed. Ethernet can accomplish this. Ideally suited to delivering software-adjustable bandwidth from fiber optic networks, Ethernet is universally available and inexpensive, and can easily reach speeds of 1Gbps and soon 10Gbps. With fiber to the home supporting Ethernet technology, a single line can reach speeds ranging from 64K to several gigabits per second and can be used to access all WAN services.
Fiber Access Flexible offerings represent the next high-speed technology after DSL and wireline cable-based broadband services, and they will allow business users to finally take advantage of fiber deployments in the core of the transmission infrastructure. All that is required to deliver Ethernet-based services is an intelligent fiber access platform that enables service providers to migrate from legacy TDM-based services to optimized packet services and allows subscribers to deliver multi-service, wide-area transport streams such as voice over IP over multi-service fiber links that provide bandwidth guarantees. Advantages Fiber optic access - cable (1) Large capacity: fiber optic operating frequency is 8 - 9 orders of magnitude higher than the operating frequency used by cable, so the capacity developed is large. (2) attenuation is small: optical fiber attenuation per kilometer than the largest capacity of communications coaxial cable per kilometer attenuation to be more than an order of magnitude lower. (3) Small size, light weight, while facilitating construction and transportation. (4) good anti-interference performance: optical fiber is not subject to strong electrical interference, electrical signal interference and lightning interference, anti-electromagnetic pulse is also very strong, good confidentiality. (5) Save non-ferrous metals: general communication cable to consume a lot of copper, lead or aluminum and other non-ferrous metals. Fiber itself is non-metallic, the development of optical fiber communication will save a lot of non-ferrous metals for the country. (6) Convenient expansion: a standard fiber optic line with a bandwidth of 2Mbps can be easily upgraded to 4M, 10M, 20M, 100M, during which there is no need to replace any equipment. Optical fiber is a fine and flexible medium for transmitting light beams. Fiber-optic cable consists of a bundle of optical fibers, referred to as fiber-optic cable. Fiber-optic cable is the most effective kind of transmission medium for data transmission, and its advantages are similar to those of optical fiber, mainly in the following aspects: (1) Wide bandwidth. (2) Good electromagnetic insulation. Fiber optic cable in the transmission of light beam, because the beam is not subject to external electromagnetic interference and influence, and itself does not radiate signals to the outside, so it is suitable for long-distance information transmission as well as occasions requiring a high degree of security. Of course, the difficulty of tapping is its inherent difficulty, because the cut fiber optic cable needs to be regenerated and re-signaled. (3) Less attenuation. It can be said that the signal is a constant over longer distances and ranges. (4) Repeaters are more widely spaced, so the number of repeaters throughout the channel can be reduced, which can reduce costs. According to Bell Labs tests, when the data transmission rate of 420Mbps and the distance of 119 kilometers without repeaters, the BER is , the transmission quality is very good. In contrast, coaxial cable and twisted pair need to be connected to a repeater every few kilometers. Technical characteristics Fiber-optic access - access equipment 1. active optical network As the name suggests, active optical network of the local equipment (CE) and the remote equipment (RE) through the active optical transmission equipment connected to the transmission technology is a backbone network has been widely used in the SDH and PDH technology, but the SDH technology is dominant. The remote equipment mainly accomplishes service collection, interface adaptation, multiplexing and transmission. The local equipment mainly completes the interface adaptation, multiplexing and transmission functions. In addition, the local equipment also provides network management interface to the network element management system. In the actual access network construction, the topology of active optical network is usually star or ring. Active optical network has the following technical characteristics:
Fiber Optic Access ◆ Transmission capacity, SDH transmission equipment used in the access network generally provides 155Mb/s or 622Mb/s interface, and some even provide 2.5Gb/S interface. In the future, as long as there is enough demand for business, the transmission bandwidth can also be increased, fiber optic transmission bandwidth potential relative to the needs of the access network is almost unlimited. ◆ Long transmission distance, in the absence of relay equipment, the transmission distance can reach 70 ~ 80 kilometers. ◆ Good isolation of user information. Active optical network network topology, whether star or ring, from the logical point of view, the transmission of user information is point to point. ◆ Mature technology, whether SDH equipment or PDH equipment, have been used in a large number of Ethernet. As SDH/PDH technology is used in large quantities in the backbone transmission network, the cost of active optical access equipment has been greatly reduced, but in the access network compared with other access technologies, the cost is still relatively high. 2.ATM passive optical network (ATM-PON) The most important feature of ATM-PON is its passive point-to-multipoint network structure. It synthesizes ATM technology and passive optical network technology, and can provide a variety of existing services from narrowband to broadband, etc. ATM-PON consists of OLT, ONU/ONT and passive optical splitter. Among them, Splitter is an optical splitter, which splits and distributes the incoming optical signals to multiple optical fibers or combines them to a single optical fiber according to the transmission direction of the light.ONU/ONT mainly completes the service collection, interface adaptation, multiplexing and transmission functions, while OLT mainly completes the interface adaptation, multiplexing and transmission functions. In addition, OLT also provides network management interface to the network element management system. ODN (Optical Distribution Network) in the optical splitter works in a passive way, which is the origin of the word "passive" in passive optical network. However, ONU and OLT still work in the active mode, that is, the need for external power supply to work properly. Therefore, the use of passive optical network access technology is not all the equipment does not require external power supply conditions, only the ODN part of the active device. Narrowband Passive Optical Network (Narrowband PON) Narrowband PON network topology and ATM-PON, it is the same as ATM-PON, and ATM-PON there are the following major differences: ◆ ATM-PON is a wide-band access technology, which can provide the user with greater than 2Mb / s access rate; narrowband PON is a narrowband access technology, only support for narrow-band services to provide the user with the access rate of up to 2Mb / s. ◆ Narrowband PON is a narrowband access technology, only support for narrow-band services to provide the user with the access rate of 2Mb Narrowband PON is a narrowband access technology that supports only narrowband services and provides users with an access rate of up to 2Mb/s. ◆The line rate of narrowband PON is much smaller than that of ATM-PON, and its line rate is generally between 20Mb/s and 50Mb/s. ◆ Narrowband PON transmission adopts the circuit method, while ATM-PON adopts the packet method (ATM signal element). ◆ The network side interface of narrowband PON is generally V5 interface, and the user side interface is existing various narrowband service interfaces; the network side interface of ATM-PON is generally ATM interface, and the user side interface includes various wide and narrowband service interfaces. ◆ The standardization degree of narrowband PON is not as good as that of ATM-PON. narrowband PON is the product first, and then there is a standard; ATM-PON is the product and the standard come out almost at the same time. In addition to the above differences, other characteristics of narrowband PON are the same as ATM-PON. The price of equipment for narrowband PON is dropping rapidly, and is already close to the price of IDLC (Integrated Digital Loop Carrier), which is widely used in narrowband access. Access method With the explosive growth of IP services and the increasing openness of China's telecom operation market, both traditional telecom carriers and emerging carriers, in order to be invincible in the new competitive environment, have taken the construction of IP-oriented telecom infrastructure network as the focus of their network construction. Access layer technology solutions to fiber optic access network is the main, so that the optical fiber further to the user close to facilitate the provision of high-quality integrated services for users. However, broadband fiber-optic access network is a business, technology, cost is very sensitive to the field, and the investment ratio is significant, the construction cycle is long, need to be combined with the existing local telecommunications network and the development of the national economy in the specific circumstances of the overall layout, the network structure, size and capacity, giving full consideration to the construction costs and the flexibility of the network, to formulate a set of reasonable planning for broadband access network is particularly important. Classification and Service According to the different objects of service demand, i.e. user types, broadband user types are roughly classified into the following seven categories: *** Organs, finance and securities, intelligent buildings, residential districts, hotels and guest houses, schools and hospitals, and enterprises and scientific researches. 1.1 *** Organs Users *** Organs are an important market area, due to their special status and influence on the society, their demand for broadband access mainly comes from the "*** Internet access project" and the informatization and publicization of the office. With the acceleration of the process of informatization in various industries, the demand for computer network interconnection business within the city has become more urgent. 1.2 Financial and Securities Users Financial and securities users are a large number of customers of telecommunication carriers, mainly carrying out data communications, computer networking and other types of interactive multimedia services for financial, banking and securities companies to provide dedicated network services to realize the banks, credit unions, such as through the exchange and other businesses. 1.3 Intelligent Building Users Intelligent buildings and high-rise office buildings are the most densely populated places for group users such as commercial customers, and these group users are generally large customers of telecom operators. Group users are less sensitive to tariffs than home users, and the users' demand is to be able to provide integrated, reliable and secure network services, broadband high-speed interconnection access, regional network interconnection and other services based on broadband access network such as High-speed data transmission, data centers, video conferencing, etc. have broad market prospects, these users will also have the demand for IP telephony. 1.4 Residential Community Users With people's increasing desire for information, the construction of broadband informatization communities in intelligent and living communities has become a major focus of competition among telecom carriers, which is not only a development point for value-added services, but also an entry point for intervention in new areas of telecom services for various telecom carriers. The construction of broadband informationization in these commercial and residential districts provides users with high-speed Internet access, community services including community management, e-commerce, VOD, and transaction processing. 1.5 Hotel Users With the continuous improvement of hotel management system, hotel Internet service will become a hot topic in the future. Hotel Internet business improves the popularity of hotels and hotels as well as the grade of service, in order to provide customers with high-quality service at the same time, in the increase of its own benefits. Guests can carry out work and business activities in the hotel on the Inter, but also through the Inter query hotel conditions, hotel reservations, checkout and other activities, greatly facilitating the customer. 1.6 School and Hospital Users The demand for broadband access in schools and hospitals comes from e-learning, distance education, telemedicine and informationized communities. 1.7 Enterprise Research Users Enterprises go online mainly to understand the domestic and international economic forms, capture business opportunities and explore new market space online, and at the same time, they can also publicize their enterprises online. Scientific research units use the Internet to realize remote data processing, monitoring and control, and off-site scientific research cooperation. Network access Residential access (residential aess): the home end of the system connected to the network. Company aess: connecting the end system in commercial or educational institutions to the network. 2.1 Residential aess Connects the home end system (e.g. PC) to the edge router. 2.1.1 Through dial-up modem (dial-up modem) Connects the home end system to the ISP with a dial-up modem over an ordinary analog telephone line. It is a common and popular form. The home modem converts the digital signals output from the PC into analog form for transmission over an analog telephone line (twisted pair). The drawback is that due to the lower quality of the twisted pair, the user gets an effective rate much lower than 56 kbit/s and long download times. For example, it takes about 8 minutes to download a 3-minute MP3 song. Users cannot access the Internet and make regular phone calls at the same time. 2.1.2 Bandwidth Access Technology Provides higher bit rates for residential users; users can access the Internet and make phone calls at the same time. Two common types: digital subscriber line (DSL) and hybrid fiber coaxial cable (HFC). 2.1.2.1 Digital Subscriber Line DSL Access Provided by the telephone company or in partnership with an independent ISP. Characterized as similar to dial-up datacom, but generally the download rate exceeds the upload rate and the actual realized rate is lower. 2.1.2.2 HFC A modification of the traditional broadcast television cable system. Using a hybrid coaxial cable and fiber optic access method, each adjacent domain connection point supports 500 to 500 home users. It is characterized by the division into two channels: the downlink channel and the uplink channel. The downlink channel has a larger bandwidth and a faster transmission rate, which is enjoyed by all households***; if several users download at the same time, the actual rate received by each user is greatly reduced. Simultaneous transmission of packets by several users will conflict and reduce the utility of the uplink bandwidth. 2.1.3 Comparison DSL creates a point-to-point connection between the home and the ISP, with all bandwidth dedicated and non-***-enjoyed; ?HFC has higher bandwidth than DSL; ?DSL and HFC are available at all times: a subscriber turns on his or her computer, stays connected to the ISP, and is able to make and receive regular calls at the same time. Corporate Access 2.2.1 Connect end users and edge routers using a local area network (LAN). First connect multiple end-systems into an area network: for example, using Ethernet technology (up to 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1GMbps, 10Gbps), connect end-systems to each other with twisted pairs or coaxial cables; and then connect with the edge router: the edge router is responsible for routing packets whose destinations are not in the local area network. Ethernet technology: ***Enjoy Ethernet: end systems ***Enjoy Ethernet transmission rate; Switched Ethernet: use multiple twisted-pair Ethernet segments connected to the switch, so that the full bandwidth of the Ethernet can be used to simultaneously deliver messages to different users on the same regional network. 2.2.2 Fiber optic access 2.2.2.1 Concept Fiber optic access network uses optical fiber as the main transmission media to replace the traditional twisted pair. Since the optical signal is transmitted on the fiber, it is necessary to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal at the switching office and then transmit it on the fiber. At the user end, the optical network unit (ONU) is used to restore the electrical signals to electrical signals by photoelectric conversion and then send them to the user equipment. 2.2.2.2 Forms of application According to the distance of the fiber to the user, that is, the location of the ONU, the optical access network has a variety of forms of application, of which the three most important forms are fiber to the building (FTTB), fiber to the curb (FTTC), fiber to the home (FTTH). FTTC mainly for residential users to provide services. ONU placed at the curb, from the ONU out of the coaxial cable to transmit video services, twisted-pair transmission of ordinary telephone services, each ONU can be generally for 8 ~ 32 users, suitable for the sole user to provide a variety of broadband services, such as VOD and so on. FTTB is divided into two types, one is for apartment building users, in fact, just move the ONU in FTTC from the roadside to the apartment building; the other is for office building services, ONU set in the building at the distribution box, for large and medium-sized enterprises, institutions and commercial users to provide high-speed data, electronic business, visual graphics, telemedicine, distance education and other broadband services. FTTB and FTTC are not fundamentally different, the difference between the two lies in the different service targets, and thus the different services provided and the different transmission media used behind the ONU. FTTH, on the other hand, places ONUs in the homes of households, with exclusive use by households. FTTH provides a variety of integrated broadband services for the family, such as VOD, home shopping, multi-party visual games, etc. 2.2.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages Fiber optic access network, especially FTTH fiber optic access network, has the advantages of wide bandwidth, large capacity, good signal quality, high reliability, can provide a variety of services and even the future of broadband interactive services, is the best solution to achieve the B-ISDN and so on, and is therefore considered to be the direction of the development of access networks. However, fiber optic access network cost is expensive, the average user cost of an average of 3000 to 5000 U.S. dollars, the average user can hardly afford. Although FTTB and FTTC use a number of users*** to share the cost of the ONU to reduce the average cost of the way, but it is difficult to bring the power supply and other issues.
3. Sink set site selection principles Due to the broadband fiber optic access network engineering and construction has not yet formed a set of technical standards and norms based on the sink node set site selection is mainly guided by the following principles: 3.1 a sink node coverage of a 500m radius area or 5-15 multi-storey building complexes. 3.2 The number of users of a convergence node is generally 300-1000 households, up to 1000 households. 3.3 The aggregation node should be shared with other telecommunication facilities as far as possible in order to solve the problem of equipment room of the node. 3.4 The location of the splice node should facilitate the access of fiber optic cables and cables. 3.5 The location of the convergence node should avoid corrosive gases, lightning strikes, high-voltage transmission lines, strong interference areas, humid areas, low-lying areas, near flood control dykes and other vulnerable places, and the equipment must be placed indoors. What's New The Beijing Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology and the Information Resources Department released the "Beijing Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Urban Informatization and Major Information Infrastructure Construction". According to the policy, over the next three years (2013-2015), Beijing plans to focus on building fiber optic network coverage in urban and rural areas, achieving full coverage of urban, rural and community fiber optic networks by 2015, completely transforming the former copper era into an optical network era, and planning to increase the speed of home broadband to 100 megabit speeds. Statistics In the economic operation of the communications industry released in May 2014, there was a net increase of 4,494,000 mobile phone users nationwide in May, totaling 1,256 million, of which, xDSL users decreased by 4,438,000 compared to the end of the previous year, accounting for a decline in the proportion of broadband users to 52.1%; fiber-optic access FTTH/0 users increased by a net of 11,193,000 compared to the end of the previous year, totaling over FTTH/0 users with fiber optic access increased 11.193 million net compared with the end of last year, and the total number of users exceeded 50 million, accounting for 26.4% of broadband users, and the phenomenon of "light into copper retreat" is remarkable. The proportion of high-speed broadband users in China is steadily increasing. from January to May, the net increase of broadband access users of the three basic telecommunication enterprises increased by 8.434 million, reaching 197 million users. The effect of broadband speed up is obvious, and the phenomenon of "light into copper retreat" is remarkable. xDSL users decreased by 4.438 million compared with the end of last year, accounting for 52.1% of broadband users; FTTH/0 users with fiber-optic access increased by a net of 11.193 million compared with the end of last year, and the total number of users exceeded 50 million, accounting for 26.4% of the proportion of broadband users, and the proportion of broadband users since the beginning of this year increased by 8.434 million. 26.4%, an average monthly increase of 1 percentage point this year.