Unemployment Unemployment It serves as a barometer reflecting a country's macroeconomic development, signaling the current and prospective development of the country's economy for better or for worse, and inevitably affecting the formulation of monetary policy, which has a significant impact on the exchange rate.
Nonfarm payroll employment Nonfarm payroll employment is the U.S. employment report data, published together with the unemployment rate. It is usually released on the Friday of the first week of the month.
GNP Gross national product GNP is currently published quarterly by each country, it is expressed in monetary terms in the country in a period of time in all sectors of all the sum of production and services, is a combination of different economic data, reflecting the current state of economic development GDP GDP is currently published quarterly by each country, showing the country in a certain period of time within the territory of the total economic activities, including Profits generated by foreign companies investing in the establishment of subsidiaries in its territory. Producer Price (Price) Index PPI shows the cost of production of goods (changes in the price of raw materials for production), changes in the price of goods for the future, which in turn affects future consumer prices, changes in consumer psychology.
The Consumer Price Index CPI reflects changes in the price of goods, services, etc., currently spent by consumers, and shows the state of change of inflation, is an important indicator of inflation in the country. Personal Income Personal Ine includes all income from wages and social benefits, reflects the real level of purchasing power of individuals in the country, and predicts future changes in consumer demand for goods and services.
Personal Consumption Expenditures Personal Consumption Expenditures includes personal expenditures on the purchase of goods and services, and is an important indicator of consumer spending. The Consumer Confidence Index reflects the degree of optimism of the country's nationals about its economic development, and predicts changes in future consumer spending.
Industrial Production The Industrial Production Index reflects the total production of the country's production and manufacturing industry. Housing Starts Housing Starts measures the activity of the country's construction industry, which is an indicator of future economic change as it is the leading industry in the cycle of economic development.
The Purchasing Managers' Index PMI is a barometer of the overall development of the manufacturing sector in terms of production, orders, prices, employees, deliveries, etc. It is usually set at 50% as the cut-off line, with a higher level than 50% considered to be an expansion of the manufacturing sector, while a lower level than 50% implies a contraction of the economy. The National Association of Purchasing Managers index NAPM U.S. purchasing managers index, and the Chicago purchasing managers index in the two days before and after the announcement.
Retail Sales Index Retail Sales Index reflects the retail industry, excluding the service sector, in the form of cash, credit card transactions of goods. The Wholesale Price Index reflects wholesale prices of bulk goods excluding labor, such as raw materials, intermediate goods, final products, and imports and exports.
Foreign trade (trade balance) reflects the country's total foreign trade in a period of income and pointed out that the contrast, that is, currency inflows and outflows, the importance of this data on the exchange rate of each country in general, in order of Japan, the United Kingdom, the euro area, the United States. Factory Order Factory Order reflects consumer, manufacturer, or *** demand for future commodity output.
Durable Good Orders Durable Good Orders refers to the ordering of goods that are not susceptible to wear and tear, such as vehicles, appliances, etc., reflecting the short-term production and investment spending by manufacturers. Capacity Utilization The rate at which equipment is used in industrial production; typically 80% equipment utilization is considered normal idleness of plant and equipment.
Current Account Current Account refers to the country and foreign goods, labor import and export, investment, etc. generated by the inflow and outflow of funds. Business Inventory Business Inventory reflects the demand for short-term credit in the business sector.
An increase in Business Inventory may drive up short-term interest rates and slow the economy, suggesting that the economy may be entering a state of stagnation. The Consumer Price Index (CPI), abbreviated as CPI, is a statistical indicator of price changes reflecting the prices of products and services related to the lives of residents, and is usually used as an important indicator to observe the level of inflation.
If the CPI rises too much, it indicates that inflation has become a destabilizing factor for the economy, and there is a risk that the central bank will tighten monetary and fiscal policy, resulting in an uncertain economic outlook. As a result, excessive increases in the index are often not welcomed by the market.
For example, if the Consumer Price Index has risen by 2. 3% in the last 12 months, that means that the cost of living has risen by an average of 2.
3% from 12 months ago. When the cost of living goes up, the value of your money goes down.
That means that a $100 bill you received a year ago would only buy $97.70 worth of goods and services today.
Generally speaking, when the CPI>3% increase we call Inflation, that is, inflation; and when the CPI>5% increase, we call him Serious Inflation, that is, serious inflation. There are three main price indexes: CPI (Consumer's Price Index), PPI (Producer's Price Index), and GNP Deflator (GNP Deflator).
The calculation of the three price indexes is basically the same, i.e. a weighted average of the degree of change in the prices of various commodities. However, the basket of commodities chosen for each price index calculation is different.
The basket of commodities included in the calculation of the Consumer Price Index is the typical citizen's consumption basket. That is why the Consumer Price Index is also known as the Cost of Living Index.
When the Producer Price Index is calculated, the basket of goods selected contains productive resources. the GNP deflator is a more comprehensive index, and the basket of goods selected for its calculation contains both consumer goods and productive resources.
It can be argued that the CPI is a synchronized economic indicator and the PPI is a leading economic indicator. Generally the producer price index leads the economy by 3 months to 6 months and the consumer lags the economy by 3 months to 6 months.
The CPI shows the current state of the economy, while the PPI shows the future state of the economy. the PPI calculates the price at which manufacturers sell, while the CPI calculates the price at which consumers buy.
In 1857, the German statistician Engel, after studying the relationship between the incomes and food consumption expenditures of certain households in Western Europe at the time, put forward the idea that the less income a household has, the larger the proportion of total expenditures that are spent on food. This view.
2. Explanation of the terminology of the economy
CEO and CFO explained upstairs, I do not do superfluous explanation.
However, COF well, I know is the British black metal band. Cradle of filth, referred to as COF. There is a single < < From cradle to enslaves> >; is very famous Oh.
VC, if you are studying computer science, then VC is a development environment. However, if you are a businessman, then VC, that is, Venture Capital (Venture Capital) for short
PC, in general, is the meaning of the computer. That is, PC (Personal puter). However, I remember as if I used to look at the customs declaration, have seen PC, PVC, a class of materials called. At that time, I asked, probably means a class of plastic materials. As for the economic aspects of the economic academic bubble also some years, I have not heard of similar words.
It's best to find out where you saw the acronyms so that you can give the most accurate answer. Of course, the best way to find out is to learn it yourself. GOOD LUCK.
3. Economics terms and explanations
Here are a few that I have collected: Economics Terms Explained 1. What is the CPI, Inflation, PPI and GNP deflator? Consumer Price Index (Consumer Price Index), abbreviated as CPI, is to reflect the prices of products and services related to the lives of residents statistical price change indicators, usually as an important indicator to observe the level of inflation.
If the CPI rises too much, it indicates that inflation has become a destabilizing factor for the economy, and there is a risk that the central bank will tighten monetary and fiscal policy, resulting in an uncertain economic outlook. As a result, excessive increases in the index are often not welcomed by the market.
For example, if the Consumer Price Index has risen by 2. 3% in the last 12 months, that means that the cost of living has risen by an average of 2.
3% from 12 months ago. When the cost of living goes up, the value of your money goes down.
That means that a $100 bill you received a year ago would only buy $97.70 worth of goods and services today.
Generally speaking, when the CPI>3% increase we call Inflation, that is, inflation; and when the CPI>5% increase, we call him Serious Inflation, that is, serious inflation. There are three main price indexes: CPI (Consumer's Price Index), PPI (Producer's Price Index), and GNP Deflator (GNP Deflator).
The calculation of the three price indexes is basically the same, i.e. a weighted average of the degree of change in the prices of various commodities. However, the basket of commodities chosen for each price index calculation is different.
The basket of commodities included in the calculation of the Consumer Price Index is the typical citizen's consumption basket. That is why the Consumer Price Index is also known as the Cost of Living Index.
When the Producer Price Index is calculated, the basket of goods selected contains productive resources. the GNP deflator is a more comprehensive index, and the basket of goods selected for its calculation contains both consumer goods and productive resources.
It can be argued that the CPI is a synchronized economic indicator and the PPI is a leading economic indicator. Generally the producer price index leads the economy by 3 months to 6 months and the consumer lags the economy by 3 months to 6 months.
The CPI shows the current state of the economy, while the PPI shows the future state of the economy; the PPI calculates the price at which manufacturers sell, while the CPI calculates the price at which consumers buy.
2. What is Engel's coefficient? Simple to understand In 1857, the German statistician Engel studied the relationship between income and food consumption expenditures of certain households in Western Europe at the time, and put forward the idea that the less income a family has, the greater the proportion of total expenditures used to buy food. This idea is known as "Engel's law", or Engel's coefficient.
Expressed in the formula: Engel's coefficient (%) = (amount spent on food ÷ total consumption expenditure) * 100% Engel's law mainly expresses a certain tendency of the proportion of food expenditure in the total consumption expenditure to change with the change of income. It reveals the quantitative relationship and correlation between residents' income and food expenditures, and uses the proportion of food expenditures to total consumption expenditures to illustrate the extent to which the development of production and the increase in income have an impact on the consumption of life.
As we all know, eating is the first need for human survival, and it is bound to occupy an important position in consumption expenditure when the income level is low. With the increase of income, in the case of food needs are basically satisfied, the center of gravity of consumption will only begin to shift to wear, use and other aspects.
Therefore, the poorer the life of a country or family, the Engel's coefficient will be larger; on the contrary, the richer the life, the Engel's coefficient will be smaller. Once proposed, Engel's law and Engel's coefficient have been widely accepted and recognized by the Western economics community as having universal applicability.
Engel's law and Engel's coefficient are concepts of Western economics and statistics that were introduced to China earlier. The Engel coefficient is often used internationally to measure the living standards of people in a country and region.
According to the standards put forward by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), an Engel's coefficient of more than 59% is considered poor, 50-59% is considered subsistence, 40-50% is well-off, less than 40% is affluent, and less than 30% is the most affluent. In the West, personal consumption includes all expenditures on housing, healthcare, sanitation, transportation, and so on.
In China, however, especially in the cities, public medical care, low rent and various subsidies for food, fuel and water are practiced, and these policy factors have a certain impact on the consumption structure. Therefore, in comparative analysis, especially when making international comparisons and urban-rural comparisons, it is important to eliminate non-comparable factors.
When China applies this criterion to international and urban-rural comparisons, we have to take into account those incomparable factors, such as the difference in price ratios of consumer goods, the difference in the living habits of the residents, and pay attention to the calculation and analysis of policy influences and special factors arising from the difference in socio-economic systems. For these non-comparable problems, in the analysis and comparison should be done accordingly removed.
In addition, when observing the changes in the historical situation, it is important to note that the Engel coefficient reflects a long-term trend rather than an absolute tendency to decline from year to year. It is ironing out short-term fluctuations for a long-term trend.
3. What is GDP, what is GNP, and what is the difference between the two? GDP is the abbreviation of English "Gross Domestic Product", that is, the gross domestic product. It is the economy of a country (region) in the accounting period of all resident units to produce the total amount of final product measurement, often seen as a country (region) to show the economic situation of an important indicator.
The new value added in the production process, including the value newly created by laborers and the wear and tear value of fixed assets, but excluding the value of the production process as intermediate inputs; in terms of physical composition, it is the final product produced in the current period, including the products used for consumption, accumulation, and net exports, but does not include a variety of intermediate products consumed by other sectors. There are three ways to measure GDP: production method: GDP = ∑ total output of each industrial sector - ∑ intermediate consumption of each industrial sector: income method: GDP = ∑ compensation of laborers in each industrial sector + ∑ depreciation of fixed assets in each industrial sector + ∑ net production tax in each industrial sector + ∑ operating profit in each industrial sector; expenditure method: GDP = total consumption + total investment + net exports.
GNP is the market value of all final goods and services produced by domestically owned factors of production within a given time period. Gross domestic product ( Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP) are two related and different.
4. The meaning of the term knowledge economy
What is the knowledge economy Knowledge Economy (Knowledge Economy), also known as the "knowledge-based economy (Knowledge based Economy)", is a new economic form in the process of formation, which will have a significant impact on our country and even the world's economy, science and technology, education, culture and so on. It will have a significant impact on the economy, science and technology, education, and culture of China and even the world.
Today's knowledge-based economy is beginning to replace the industrial economy. Software knowledge industry boom is the world's knowledge economy is the beginning of the framework of the logo; knowledge as capital development of the economy, knowledge will be the most important as a component of the factors of production; soft (pieces) of the proportion of the share of the economy as a whole has increased greatly, including patents, trademarks, and other intangible assets, including intangibles, the proportion of the entire economic assets in the great increase in the consulting industry is flourishing, as the backbone of the industrial economy, manufacturing has been injected more and more new technology, science and technology. The manufacturing industry has been infused with more and more new scientific and technological knowledge.
Information is the fuel for the engine of the knowledge economy. In a knowledge-based economy, we must familiarize ourselves with the development of semiconductors, chips, CD-ROMs, computer software, the creation of networks, and the widespread use of virtual technologies.
The quiet rise of the knowledge economy can be said to be a silent revolution, which will have a significant impact on our existing modes of production, lifestyle, and way of thinking, including education, business management, and even leadership decision-making activities.
In the era of industrial economy, various barriers can be set up to keep the competition on one side, in the era of knowledge economy, there are no longer barriers to protect the backward. Source .
5. On economic terms
The People's Bank of China (PBOC) has categorized China's money supply indicators into four levels: M0, which refers to cash or money in circulation. That is, the total amount of currency issued by the People's Bank of China in the calendar year.
M1, refers to M0 + enterprise demand deposits + institutional deposits + rural collective deposits. Also known as the "narrow money supply".
M2, refers to M1 + unit time deposits + self-financing infrastructure deposits + residential savings deposits + other deposits (except fiscal deposits). Also known as the "broad money supply".
M3, refers to M2 + bonds, financial deposits + other financial institutions deposits + interbank deposits of money banks. M3 is the establishment of the status quo taking into account financial innovation, in our country is not measured for the time being.
M4, that is: M4 = M3 + other short-term liquid assets
Central bank bills that is the central bank bills, is the central bank for the adjustment of commercial banks excess reserves to commercial banks issued by the short-term debt certificates, in essence, the central bank bonds. The reason why called "central bank notes", is to highlight its short-term characteristics (from the central bank notes issued, the shortest period of 3 months, the longest is only 1 year).
But the central bank notes and the financial market bonds issued by the main body of the bonds have a fundamental difference: the main body of the bonds issued by the bonds is a means of raising funds, the purpose is to raise funds, that is, to increase the amount of available funds; and the central bank issued by the Central Bank of the central bank notes is the central bank to regulate the base currency of a monetary policy tool, the purpose is to reduce the amount of funds available to the commercial banks. After the commercial banks pay the subscription for the central bank bills, the direct result is the reduction of the amount of loanable funds.
Increasing employment is about expanding production
For example, increasing support for agricultural development to improve the potential of the rural economy to lead to an increase in rural employment
You can also encourage the private economy, the development of private enterprises, especially to accelerate the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which will increase a large number of employment opportunities about 70% of the opportunities in our country are provided by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
Correct your Understanding China's economy is not on the verge of stagflation China's GDP growth of 10.6% in the first quarter is still high speed The CPI has dropped slightly in March compared to February The inflation situation has not increased
6. Detailed Answer Terminology for High School Politics and Economics, Philosophy, and General Political Knowledge
Dialectic: 1 The connection of things is universal and objective 2 The importance of grasping the connection between cause and effect 3 The dialectical relationship between the whole and its parts 4 The need to use the developmental viewpoint to develop and develop the economy. Dialectical relationship 4 To look at problems from a developmental point of view 5 To recognize and make use of laws and act according to objective laws 6 To adhere to the method of analysis of contradictions 7 Specific analysis of specific problems 8 Internal and external causes 9 Quantitative and qualitative changes 10 The tendency of things to evolve 11 Dialectic and metaphysical opposition
Dialectical materialism: 1 The exercise of subjective initiative is subject to the constraints of the subjective and objective factors 2 Objective laws and subjective initiative in a Dialectical materialism: 1. the functioning of subjective initiative is constrained by subjective and objective factors 2. the dialectical relationship between objective laws and subjective initiative 3. the relationship between phenomena and essence 4. the rise of perceptual understanding to rational understanding 5. the deepening of understanding and the expansion of understanding 6. creative thinking and rational imagination 7. the dialectical relationship between practice and understanding 8. the guiding role of scientific theories in practice. deepening of understanding and the development of understanding
Historical materialism: 1. social existence determines social consciousness. Values Values have a guiding effect on social existence 3 Adhere to the values of collectivism and correctly resolve the relationship between individual interests and collective interests 6 Values in life 7 Relationship between the individual and society
Materialism: 1 Marxist philosophy is the unity of the scientific worldview and methodology 2 Matter determines consciousness Consciousness has a dynamic role in matter 3 Respect for the total law and the play of the dialectical relationship between human subjective initiative, to act according to the objective law 4 Everything from the practical to the practical. According to the objective law 4 everything from the actual, seek truth from facts, specific problems and specific analysis 5 the existence of the natural world society and its development is objective (summarized by himself, hope to adopt)