What's the difference between cost and budget?

According to national regulations; The budget of capital construction projects is carried out in stages with the construction procedures. Due to the different budget basis and work depth in each stage, the budget of capital construction projects can be divided into two categories, namely: first, budget estimate; Secondly, the budget. There are two kinds of budget estimates: feasibility study investment budget and preliminary design budget, which are divided into construction drawing design budget and construction budget. Capital construction project budget is the general name of the above budgetary estimate, budgetary estimate and budget. 2. What is an engineering project? What are the contents of the comprehensive budgetary estimate and budget of the project? If compiled? A project, also known as a single project, refers to a complete project with independent existence significance composed of multiple unit projects. The comprehensive estimate and budget of a project is a document to determine the total construction cost of a project (such as a production workshop, an independent public facility or an independent building). As many projects as there are in the whole construction project, it is necessary to prepare comprehensive budget estimates and budgets for many projects. The comprehensive budget of the project includes construction and installation expenses, equipment purchase expenses and other expenses. The above expenses are compiled according to the project budget of each unit and other project and cost estimates. If there is only one single project in a construction project, other projects and expenses related to the single project can be directly remitted to the comprehensive budgetary estimate and budget of the project at the time of compilation. Construction project: generally speaking, it refers to the basic construction unit with design task book and overall design, independent accounting in economy and independent organizational form in administration. For example, in industrial buildings, a factory building is generally regarded as a construction project, while in civil buildings, a school, hospital, etc. are generally regarded as a construction project, and there may be several unit projects in a construction project. The total cost of capital construction projects consists of four parts: project cost, equipment purchase cost, installation cost and other project costs. Construction and equipment installation costs refer to all costs required for the construction of main production, auxiliary production and welfare buildings and similar equipment installation projects in construction projects. It is an important part of the total cost of construction projects. The budget estimate quota of construction and installation projects is a standard expressed in monetary terms for the labor, materials and construction machinery needed to complete equipment installation and expand the structure or expand the sub-projects with a certain unit of measurement. The budgetary estimate index of construction and installation project is based on the budgetary estimate quota of construction or equipment installation project, with the main project as the main part and combined with relevant parts. So it's also called expanding the quota. (1) The budgetary estimate quota of construction and installation projects is the basis for the technical and economic comparison of design schemes by design units, as well as for the preparation of preliminary design budgetary estimates and the revision of budgetary estimates; (2) The budget estimate quota of construction and installation projects can also be used as the basis for the construction unit to prepare the main material plan. Feasibility study is a comprehensive science that is gradually rising and improving with the progress of science and technology and the development of economic management science. The so-called feasibility means that there are two possibilities of success and failure in doing anything. The success is said to be compatible, and the failure is said to be infeasible. Feasibility study is to investigate the feasibility and infeasibility of what is to be done before action, that is, to do it, and to stop if it is not feasible. The feasibility study of capital construction is an important part of the preliminary work of capital construction and an important step to follow the capital construction procedure. Its purpose is to make the decision of construction project correct and avoid or reduce the investment waste caused by decision-making mistakes. Construction project investment estimation is an important part of the feasibility study report and an important basis for evaluating the economic benefits of construction projects. After the project is confirmed, the total investment estimation will also play a controlling role in the preliminary design and budget preparation. On the basis of investment estimation, the economic benefit evaluation of a construction project is to draw a conclusion whether the construction project is feasible by calculating its production cost, sales income, taxes, profits, loan repayment period, capital profit rate and internal rate of return. Engineering cost analysis is the analysis of the implementation of construction drawing budget during or after the construction project is completed, that is, comparing the design budget with final accounts, using the method of cost analysis, analyzing the use of various funds, and verifying whether the budget is close to the actual situation and whether the cost can be controlled. The purpose of cost analysis is to sum up experience, find out the gaps and reasons, and provide basis for improving future work. Division project is an integral part of unit project, which is a smaller structural project decomposed from unit project. Such as general civil engineering, according to its engineering structure can be divided into foundation, wall, beam, floor, ground, doors and windows, roof, decoration and other parts. Because each part is completed by different types of workers using different tools and materials, for the convenience of calculating materials, civil engineering is divided into the following parts according to different types of work and material structure: foundation engineering, wall engineering, beam-column engineering, door and window wood decoration engineering, in-place engineering, roof engineering, acid-proof and anti-corrosion engineering, structural engineering and so on. Sub-project refers to the construction equipment installation project that can be completed by relatively simple construction and calculated by appropriate measurement units. It is usually the most basic engineering unit to determine the cost of construction and equipment installation projects, such as brick foundation project per cubic meter; Installation of a machine tool, etc. Engineering construction budget generally refers to two categories: budgetary estimate and budget, or engineering construction budget is the floorboard of budgetary estimate and budget. The approximate difference between the budget estimate and the budget is as follows: (1) has different functions. The budget estimate is prepared in the preliminary design stage as a document for the examination and approval of national and regional investments. After approval, it is used to prepare the fixed assets plan, which is the basis for controlling the investment of construction projects; Budget plays the role of building product price in the design stage of construction drawing, and is the pre-tender estimate of project price. (2) According to different compilation basis, the budgetary estimate is compiled according to the budgetary estimate quota or budgetary estimate index. Its content items are expanded and simplified, and it is universal. Budget is compiled according to budget quota and comprehensive budget quota, and its items are more detailed and important. (3) The budget estimate should include all the contents of the project construction. For example, the total budget estimate should consider all the expenses required from the beginning of preparation to the completion and acceptance before delivery; Generally, the budget does not include the total budget, but only the unit project budget and comprehensive budget, and does not include the expenses of the preparatory stage (such as survey, land acquisition, training of production personnel, etc.). ) The so-called "quota" refers to the limited standards for people, money and things when engaging in economic activities. Such as quota (fixed working hours), quality (fixed quality), quantity (fixed quantity), pricing (fixed price) and so on. The product price of engineering construction is determined by the state in a specific way and form, that is, the engineering construction quota. Engineering construction quota is the general name of construction project budget quota, comprehensive budget quota, accounting quota, unified labor quota, construction quota and time limit quota of construction and installation project. It is the basis of implementing the "three calculations" system. The so-called design has a budget, construction has a budget, and completion has a final account. These "three calculations" are all compiled according to the engineering construction quota. In socialist countries, quota is the basis of economic accounting and planning, and it is also the basis and important content of modern scientific management. Construction project budget quota is the standard to determine the materialized labor consumed by each measurement unit of each sub-project in construction products. In other words, it is the standard to determine the quantity of labor and materials consumed by each unit of measurement and the required mechanical shifts. The main functions of engineering budget quota are as follows: (1) is the basis of budget and settlement; (2) It is the basis for compiling the unit valuation table; (3) It is the basis for calculating the project budget cost and compiling the construction project budget quota and budget index. (4) It is the basis for the construction unit to evaluate labor productivity and conduct economic accounting. The construction period quota of construction and installation projects is formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the national construction engineering quality inspection and evaluation standards, construction and acceptance specifications, combined with various construction conditions, in line with the principle of average, economy and rationality. The time limit quota is the basis for compiling the construction organization design, arranging the construction plan and assessing the construction period, and it is also the important basis for compiling the pre-tender estimate, bidding documents and signing the construction and installation contract. Time limit for a project quota should be calculated in calendar days. The unit project duration refers to all calendar days from the foundation project to the completion of the project or all the contents specified in the quota subtitle and reaching the national acceptance standard. If the project is shut down due to irresistible natural disasters, the construction period may be extended according to the actual number of days of shutdown with the approval of the local construction authorities; Due to major design changes or construction (contracting) unit visas, the construction period can be extended according to the actual number of days of shutdown. In the winter construction area, if it is technically impossible or economically unreasonable to continue the construction, with the consent of the construction (contracting) unit, the construction period can be extended according to the actual number of days of shutdown, but the extension days shall not exceed 40% of the heating period in Class II area.