What are the safety facilities in school laboratories

Safety measures in the chemical laboratory

(a) Fire prevention and fire extinguishing

Chemical laboratory flammable. Explosive substances need to be checked regularly, use away from fire, but also can not be in contact with strong oxidizing agents. Laboratory smoking is strictly prohibited, prohibited fire heating; household appliances should be regularly inspected to prevent poor insulation and short-circuit or overload caused by line fire. Once a fire should immediately remove combustible materials, cut off the power supply, stop ventilation. For small area fire, you should immediately use a wet cloth. Sand and so on to cover the burning material, isolate the air so that the ceasefire extinguished. Fire should be immediately reported to the police, according to the nature of the burning material using the appropriate fire extinguishers, rescue, in order to reduce losses. Commonly used fire extinguishers are the following:

1. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers: for electrical fires.

2. Dry powder fire extinguishers: used to extinguish flammable gases, oil, electrical equipment, goods, documents and other incipient fire.

3.1211 fire extinguisher: high-efficiency extinguishing agent, used in oil, organic solvents, high-voltage electrical equipment and precision instruments and other fire.

4. Foam fire extinguishers: suitable for oil and general fire.

(B) the general handling of accidents

Laboratory configuration of the medicine box, placed inside the common medical supplies:

Disinfectant: 75% alcohol, 0.1% iodine, 3% hydrogen peroxide, alcohol cotton balls.

Scald medicine: jade tree oil, blue oil hydrocarbon, scald medicine, petroleum jelly.

Trauma medicine: red potion, gentian juice, anti-inflammatory powder.

Chemical burns: 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, 1% boric acid, 2% acetic acid, ammonia, 2% copper sulfate solution.

Treatment supplies: cotton wool, gauze, protective adhesive, bandages, tweezers and so on.

1.

Cutting treatment: keep the wound clean, the wound if there is a foreign body should be carefully removed, and then cleaned with alcohol cotton, coated with red potion, if necessary, apply anti-inflammatory powder bandage, take serious measures to stop the bleeding, sent to the hospital.

2.

Treatment of burns and burns: can be coated with oil or 75% alcohol in the wound after the application of blue oil hydrocarbon. If the injury is large, the depth of the dermis, should be carefully treated with 75% alcohol, and apply burn ointment after bandaging, sent to the hospital.

3. Chemical burns treatment: If stained with concentrated sulfuric acid, do not rinse with water, first absorb the concentrated sulfuric acid with a cotton cloth,

and then rinse with water, and then use 3% to 5% sodium bicarbonate solution to neutralize, and finally wash with water. If necessary, apply glycerin, and if there are blisters, apply gentian juice. For other acid burns, rinse immediately and treat. For alkali burns, rinse with water, then with 3% boric acid or 2% acetic acid. If acid or alkali is splashed into the eyes, flush with water first, then wash with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution or 2% acetic acid.

(C) first aid measures for poisoning chemical poisoning there are three ways:

⒈ inhalation of toxic gases through the respiratory tract, dust, fumes and poisoning;

2. through the digestive tract accidentally poisoned;

3. through contact with the skin and poisoning.

When poisoning occurs in the laboratory, emergency measures must be taken, at the same time, emergency hospital treatment, commonly used first aid measures are the following:

1.

Respiratory poisoning, the poisoned person should be evacuated from the scene. Move to a well-ventilated place and let the patient breathe fresh air. In mild cases, the patient will recover quickly. In case of shock and coma, give the patient oxygen and artificial respiration, and quickly send to the hospital.

2.

Gastric lavage should be done immediately for gastrointestinal poisoning, commonly used gastric lavage solutions are saline, soapy water, 3%~5% sodium carbonate solution, urge vomiting while washing, and take raw egg whites, milk, noodle broths and other antidotes after the basic absence of poisons.

3. Skin, eyes, nose, throat by the poison, should be immediately rinsed with a large amount of water (concentrated sulfuric acid first with a dry cloth to dry), specific measures and chemical burns treatment is the same.

(D) first aid measures for electrocution

The human body is exposed to electric voltage higher than a certain value (36 volts) can be caused by electrocution, especially wet hands and feet are more likely to be electrocuted. In the event of electrocution, the power supply should be quickly cut off, the patient's shirt unzipped for artificial respiration, do not inject stimulants. When the patient resumed breathing immediately sent to the hospital for treatment.