What is a UPS? What are its functions?
UPS ( UninterrupTIble Power System ), that is, uninterruptible power supply, is a kind of containing energy storage device, inverter as the main component, constant voltage and constant frequency output power protection equipment. It can solve the existing power outage, low voltage, high voltage, sudden wave, noise and other phenomena, so that the computer network system or other power electronic equipment operation is more safe and reliable. Now it has been widely used in computer, transportation, banking, securities, communications, medical, industrial control and other industries, and is rapidly coming into the family. Its main function is when the utility power input is normal, UPS will be the utility voltage regulator supplied to the load, at this time the UPS is an AC utility voltage regulator, at the same time it is also charging the battery in the machine; when the utility power interruption (accidental blackout), the UPS will be immediately in the machine battery power, through the inverter conversion method to the load to continue to supply 220V AC power, so that the load to maintain normal operation and to protect the load soft, The UPS can also be used to protect the hardware and software of the load from being damaged.
Taiqifeng ups power supply
A, UPS classification?
UPS power supply as an important computer peripherals, in the protection of computer data, to ensure the stability of the grid voltage and frequency, to improve the quality of the power grid, to prevent transient blackouts and accidental blackouts caused by the user's hazards, etc. is very important. UPS has been developed from the 60s of the rotating generator to the present day with the degree of intelligence of the static all-electronic circuitry and also continue to develop. continues to evolve. At present, UPS generally refers to stationary UPS, according to its mode of operation can be divided into backup, online interactive and online three categories.
1, backup
From the working principle, the backup UPS in the utility only when the utility voltage regulator, the inverter does not work, in a state of waiting, when the utility abnormalities, the backup UPS will quickly switch to the inverter state, will be inverted to the battery power inverter to the load to continue power supply, so backup UPS Therefore, the backup UPS will have a conversion time when working from utility to inverse, generally less than 10ms of time switching, not suitable for critical power supply places. In addition, the backup UPS can only continue to supply power for a few minutes to ten minutes.
The advantages of the backup UPS power supply are: high operating efficiency, low noise, relatively inexpensive, mainly for the utility power fluctuations, the quality of the power supply does not require high occasions.
Taiqifeng ups power supply
2, online interactive
The so-called online interactive UPS, is the input utility power is normal, directly from the utility power to the load power supply, UPS inverter in the reverse work to the battery charging, when the utility power is low or high, the UPS through the internal regulator line regulator after the output. When the utility power is low or high, through the UPS internal voltage regulator line after regulating the voltage output, in the utility power abnormal inverter immediately into the inverter work, the battery pack voltage will be converted to AC power output, so online interactive UPS also have conversion time.
Compared with the backup UPS, online interactive UPS has stronger protection function, wider input voltage range, low noise, small size and other characteristics, but there is the same switching time. The inverter output voltage waveform is better, generally sinusoidal, and its biggest advantage is that it has a strong software function, you can easily access the Internet for remote control and intelligent management of UPS.
3, online
When the utility power supply is normal, the utility power through the filtering circuit and the surge absorption circuit, divided into two circuits at the same time, one of them is by the charging circuit to the battery pack charging, the other is through the rectifier circuit, as the input of the converter, and then through the conversion of the converter to provide purified alternating current to the loads. At this time, if the utility power is abnormal, the input of the converter will be supplied by the battery pack, and the converter will continue to provide power to the loads to achieve a complete uninterruptible power supply.
Online type is characterized by an extremely wide input voltage range, no switching time and high accuracy of output voltage stability, the output is completely supplied by the converter, regardless of the quality of utility power, the output is a stable and pure sine wave power supply. It is especially suitable for applications with high power requirements, but at a higher cost.
Taiqifeng ups power supply
Two, why UPS?
There is a common misconception that the utility power we use, except for occasional power outages, is continuous and constant, in fact, it is not. The utility system as a public **** power grid, connected to thousands of various loads, some of the larger inductive, capacitive, switching power supply loads not only from the grid to obtain electricity, but also in turn on the grid itself, worsening the quality of power supply grid or local grid, resulting in the utility voltage waveform distortion or frequency drift. In addition unexpected natural and man-made accidents, such as earthquakes, lightning strikes, transmission and substation system breaks or short circuits, can jeopardize the normal supply of electricity, thus affecting the normal operation of the load. According to the test of power experts, the power grid often occurs and on the computer and precision instruments to produce interference or damage to the problem are mainly the following:
1, power surges (power surges): refers to the output voltage RMS higher than the rated value of 110%, and the duration of one or several cycles. Power surges are mainly due to large electrical equipment connected to the power grid shutdown, the grid due to sudden unloading and high pressure.
2, high-voltage spike pulse (high voltage spikes): refers to the peak value of 6000v, duration from one ten thousandth of a second to one-half cycle (10ms) of the voltage. This is mainly due to lightning strikes, arc discharges, static discharges or switching operations of large electrical equipment.
3, transient over-voltage (switching transients): refers to the peak voltage up to 20000V, but the duration of the boundary in millionths of a second to ten thousandths of a second of the pulse voltage. Its main reason and may cause damage similar to the high-voltage spike pulse, just in the solution will be different.
4, voltage sag (power sags): the utility voltage RMS value between 80% and 85% of the rated value of the low-voltage state, and the duration of one to several cycles. Large equipment start-up, large motor start-up, or large power transformer access can cause this problem.
5, electrical line noise (electrical line noise): refers to radio frequency interference (RFI) and electromagnetic interference (EFI) and other kinds of
high frequency interference. Motor operation, relay action, motor controller work, radio transmission, microwave radiation, and electrical storms, etc., will cause line noise interference.
6, frequency shift (frequency variaTIon): refers to changes in utility frequency more than 3Hz. This is mainly by the unstable operation of the emergency generator, or by the frequency of unstable power supply.
7, sustained low voltage (brownout) refers to the utility voltage RMS value is lower than the rated value, and lasts a long time. Its causes include: large equipment startup and application, main power line switching, starting large motors, line overload.
8, utility power interruption (power fai1): refers to the utility power interruption and lasts at least two cycles to several hours. The causes are: circuit breaker tripped on the line, utility supply interruption, grid failure.
Taiqifeng ups power supply
Three, do not use the UPS will cause what harm to the computer?
For computers, the monitor and the host work require a normal power supply. Memory, in particular, requires more power. It is a storage device that relies on electrical energy and requires constant refreshing action to maintain stored content. In the event of a power failure, the saved content immediately disappears. If an abnormal power failure causes the information in the memory to be saved to the hard disk and other storage devices too late, it will cause the information to lose its value because it is completely lost or becomes incomplete, thus wasting a lot of work effort, time, and even causing huge economic losses. And UNIX such an operating system, if not normal shutdown, the memory of the system information is not written back to the hard disk, may also cause the system to crash, can not start again. In addition, the hard disk in a computer, although the application is a magnetic storage medium, will not lose information due to power failure, but a sudden power failure can cause the hard disk physical head that is working on reading and writing to be damaged, or the system files in the maintenance of the file system, resulting in the file allocation table error, which causes the entire hard disk to be scrapped. In addition, most of the operating systems nowadays can set up virtual memory, due to a sudden power failure, so that the system is too late to cancel the virtual memory, resulting in hard disk "information fragmentation", not only a waste of hard disk storage space, but also lead to slow operation of the machine. Computer power supply is a rectifier power supply, excessive voltage may cause the rectifier burned. The voltage spike pulse and transient overvoltage and power supply noise and other interference may enter the motherboard through the rectifier, affecting the normal operation of the machine, or even burn the host line. In short, the power problem is a major threat to computer work.
Four, what is the impact of conversion time on the computer?
Backup uninterruptible power system for power system conversion, there will be conversion time, and conversion time in the end how long? What is the impact on the computer? The problem is that customers often ask questions. The length of the conversion time varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, and is generally between 2 and 10 milliseconds. In the case of a computer, when the power is interrupted, its own switching power supply should be able to maintain 16 milliseconds, so the conversion time of the uninterruptible power supply system is generally acceptable for personal computers.
V. How does the output waveform affect the load?
Generally, loads are divided into three categories, and resistive loads (such as light bulbs), capacitive loads (such as switching power supplies), and inductive loads (such as drive motors). For sine wave, these three types of loads can be used. Square wave and step wave can only be used for resistive and capacitive loads, because the inductive load's reverse electromotive force is the fatal injury of step wave, and capacitive loads need higher peak voltage to drive, square wave and step wave products happen to have the characteristics of high peak voltage, but because of the harmonic components of the step wave, it will cause harmonic interference and produce reading errors or malfunctions for some instruments.
Inductive, capacitive loads and other nonlinear loads start with an inrush current, computers and other rectifier loads even in normal operation, the peak factor of 2 ~ 3, that is, the peak current for its rms value of 2 ~ 3 times, so in the selection of the UPS should be taken into account in the characteristics of UPS should be given to leave a certain margin. For some of the lower power factor of inductive loads such as air conditioners, because of its start-up current is quite large, up to 5-7 times its rated value, and frequent start-up, so the general small and medium-sized UPS is not applicable, unless there is enough margin.
Six, how to correctly buy UPS?
① Purchase of UPS should be considered when those factors
Taiqifeng UPS power supply can be used for at least 3 years. Users in the selection of UPS power supply, according to their own requirements to determine the selection criteria, choose the most suitable for the use of UPS, rather than the cheapest or the most upscale.
Generally speaking should be on the load equipment to deal with the importance of information, a variety of power equipment on the power quality requirements, installation and space requirements and their economic budget and other factors to consider, but also to consider the importance of the UPS and the size of the volume of the right size. In general, users should consider three factors: namely, technical performance, service assurance and product price.
② How to buy UPS
Step 1: First confirm that you need what type of UPS power
● In terms of China's current power situation, the Tachyon UPS power supply is a necessary power protection equipment, the different advocates of UPS type is also different. Demand is also different, such as: important equipment must be selected with excellent performance, high safety factor of the on-line type of machine, on-line type UPS function is perfect, can resist from the grid on a variety of infringements, such as high voltage, spikes, surges, noise interference, etc., the output of the pure power supply, and always protect the screwed load.
● Network support in addition to the choice of online type, you can also consider online interactive UPS. online interactive UPS, although more varieties, quality is not uniform, but like TECHFOND series of UPS power supply, through the power supply software to monitor the network environment, management of the network power supply, but also very suitable for network use.
● Individuals and families can consider choosing a backup model, backup UPS power supply is inexpensive, lightweight, is the ideal partner for personal computers, it is switching from utility power to battery-powered switching time of less than 10 milliseconds, while the PC has a capacitor for storing electricity, can withstand less than 20 milliseconds of the switching time of the power outage, so it will not affect the normal use of the PC.
Step 2: Determine the value of the UPS power (VA) you need
● Make a list of all the devices that need to be protected, don't forget monitors, mainframes, external hard drives, etc.
● The voltage and current data for each device can be found on its back panel and multiplied together to obtain the (VA) volt-ampere value. Some devices use watts (W) to indicate power requirements, multiply watts by 1.4 to get the approximate volt-amperes.
Step 3: Determine how long the load equipment needs to be on standby
● In the event of a power outage, the load equipment only needs to be stored and shut down, so it is recommended that a standard UPS be selected.
● In the event of a power outage, the load equipment needs to be run for a long period of time, so a long-lasting UPS should be selected.
Step 4: Select a UPS A good brand of UPS power supply is very important, the reason is:
● Good brand of UPS power supply (TECHFONT brand), product quality is guaranteed;
● After-sales service is thoughtful and timely. A UPS life of at least 2 years, so it is best to choose to provide 3-year warranty service brand. In addition, the size of the sales and maintenance service network coverage is also a factor to consider when buying, which can ensure timely maintenance and repair of the product.
● Good brand UPS power supply manufacturers cherish the reputation of the product, the user's commitment and have faith.
Fifth, how to compare the good and bad UPS?
V. ?
UPS power supply as a protective power supply equipment, its performance parameters are of great significance, should be the focus of consideration when we buy. Hardware performance indicators are:
■ Working mode: online, online interactive, backup
■ Input voltage range: that is, to ensure that the UPS power supply does not turn into the battery inverter power supply utility voltage range. In this voltage range, the inverter (load) current is supplied by the utility, not the battery. The wider the input voltage range, the less likely the UPS battery discharge, so the battery life is relatively longer.
■ Input frequency range: the frequency range in which the UPS can automatically track the utility and remain synchronized. When switching bypass, the UPS can automatically track the utility, to maintain synchronization can be avoided due to the input and output phase difference open or even anti-phase, caused by the inverter module power supply and AC bypass power supply between the emergence of a large loop current power supply and damage to the UPS.
■ Input Power Factor: refers to the power factor of the input side of the UPS power supply. The higher the input power factor, the smaller the reactive power absorbed by the UPS power supply, and thus the less interference with the utility grid. General UPS power supply can only reach about 0.9.
■ Output power factor: the power factor of the output of the UPS power supply. If there is a non-computer load, the greater the carry capacity is stronger. General UPS power supply is about 0.8.
■ Overload capacity: the larger, the better the inverter capacity.
■ Switching time: As the computer switching power supply, in the 10ms interval can guarantee the output of the computer, so the general requirements of the UPS switching time is less than 10ms, for the online UPS power switching time for 0.
■ Output Voltage Stability: refers to the degree of stabilization of the UPS output voltage. The higher the degree of output voltage stability, the smaller the range of fluctuations in the UPS output voltage, that is, the higher the voltage accuracy. Most UPS voltage stability is greater than 5%.
■ Output voltage distortion: that is, the ratio of harmonic components contained in the output waveform of the UPS power supply. Common waveform distortion are: clipping top, burr, distortion, etc.. The smaller the distortion, the less interference or damage to the load may cause.
■ Load Peak Factor: The ratio of the peak current to the average current that the UPS power supply output can achieve. Generally the higher the peak factor, the greater the load inrush current that the UPS can withstand.
■ Three-phase unbalance capability: For the three-in-three-out UPS power supply, if there is a three-phase current inconsistency in each phase, it will result in an unbalanced output voltage. UPS power supply with 100% load unbalance capability, said the UPS power supply allows a phase output with full load, while the other two phases of no load.
■ Cold start function: In the absence of utility power or not connected to the utility, the function of starting the UPS power supply directly with the DC voltage provided by the battery pack.
■ Bypass function: When the UPS power supply is overloaded or the inverter fails, it will be converted to utility power supply through the control switch, which is also called bypass power supply.
Taiqifeng ups power supply
■ Receive generator function: the generator's output waveform is generally higher distortion, and the frequency fluctuation range is very large. Therefore, the UPS power supply must have a good tracking generator frequency performance, to maintain synchronous work with the generator, and maintain a high quality output waveform and stable output voltage.
■ ■ Battery management level: Because the battery in the UPS power supply machine costs account for a large proportion of the special long-delay UPS accounted for more than 1 / 3, and battery failure in the UPS power failure rate of more than 70%. So the level of battery management is directly related to the use of UPS.
■ Machine efficiency:
① Low efficiency will cause the UPS power supply itself power consumption, easy to age.
② Low efficiency will also cause the battery power supply time becomes shorter.
■ Monitoring software: software performance indicators are mainly divided into three levels of protection, monitoring and management (control).
Overall, the offline UPS power supply is the worst protection for the load, online interactive slightly better, online can solve almost all common power problems. Of course the cost goes up as the performance increases. Therefore, the user in the purchase of UPS, should be based on the degree of load on the power requirements and the importance of the load is different, and choose a different type of UPS. recommended that the user in the UPS power supply optional generator, choose the TECHFONT ups power supply brand.