Medical waste is generally disposed of using () methods as follows:
1, sanitary landfill method
Sanitary landfill method is to bury the garbage into the ground, and through the long-term decomposition of microorganisms, to decompose into harmless substances. If the landfill system of medical waste does not have impermeable measures, all kinds of toxic substances, pathogens, radioactive substances, etc. will seep into the soil with rainwater, and the harmful substances will enter the human body through the food chain, endangering human health.
Therefore, sanitary landfills need to be scientifically selected, and laying impermeable layer with clay, high-density polyethylene and other materials, but also must be set up to collect landfill gas and output pipeline, so the use of landfill disposal method must be very careful, and must be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the strict pre-treatment of medical waste.
2, high-temperature incineration method
Incineration is a deep oxidation of the chemical process, under the action of high-temperature flames, incineration equipment within the medical waste through the drying, ignition, incineration of the three phases of the transformation into residue and gas, medical waste in the infectious agents and harmful substances in the incineration process can be effectively destroyed. Incineration technology is applicable to a variety of infectious medical waste, incineration requires incinerator with high and stable furnace temperature, good oxygen mixing conditions, enough gas residence time and other conditions, while the need for the final emission of flue gas and residue for harmless disposal.
3, high-pressure steam sterilization method
Pressure steam sterilization treatment method is the principle of medical waste in the high temperature, high pressure process conditions run more than 20 min, the pressure of steam to penetrate the object inside, so that the microbial proteins coagulate and denaturation and be killed;
It should be noted that the use of this method must be used to deal with the crushing of medical waste, crushing can be It can be crushed before or after cooking, but the technical specification of high-temperature steam centralized treatment project for medical waste published by the State Environmental Protection Bureau stipulates that the size of crushed waste should not be larger than 50mm.
This method is not suitable for treating pathological wastes, such as human tissues and animal carcasses, etc., and it is not efficient in treating medicines and chemical wastes either.
4, pyrolysis method
Pyrolysis is the use of the instability of organic matter in the garbage, in the anoxic or anoxic conditions of heating distillation, so that the organic matter to produce thermal cracking, after condensation to form a variety of gases, liquids and solids, and to extract the fuel oil, grease and gas from the process.
5, chemical disinfection method
The essence of chemical disinfection method is the broken medical waste and a certain concentration of disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite, peroxyacetic acid, glutaraldehyde, ozone, etc.) mixing action, and to ensure that its disinfectant with sufficient contact area and time, organic matter in the disinfection process is decomposed, microorganisms are killed.
Maximum contact between disinfectant and medical waste is a prerequisite to guarantee the treatment effect. The use of shear crushing equipment increases the degree of crushing and ensures that the disinfectant can penetrate it. Chemical disinfection is suitable for liquid medical waste and pathological waste, and has recently been progressively used for medical waste that cannot be sterilized by heat or wetting.
6, microwave disinfection method
Microwave disinfection technology is a new type of medical waste treatment technology, but is still limited to small quantities, intermittent treatment of medical waste, can not meet the requirements of large quantities, continuous treatment of medical waste.