Tianbao Mountain, located in the southwest of Longjing City, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province, was once one of the eight largest mines in China, and is nationally renowned for both its geologic reserves of nonferrous metals and its history of mining.
Cixi named
According to historical records, Tianbao Mountain was originally known as the red stone boulders, Guangxu fifteen years (1889), Enze succeeded Hunchun vice president, in order to resettle the victims who ran away from Guannei and North Korea, he sent Cheng Guangdi to investigate the land resources in Yenbian.
Cheng Guangdi, a Han Chinese, Xiangyang, Hubei, was five tops, he was investigating land resources found a small silver mine has been mined in Hongshi Lazi, this accidental discovery, aroused the Cheng Guangdi alone control of the silver mine to make a fortune in the name of Eun-tse's entourage, with the charge of illegal mining, the mining of small silver mines, Liu Dabao, Chen Cai and other people arrested. Liu Dabao's son Liu Liye and his righteous son Park Shan, Chen Cai's son Chen Xiaodong and others gathered dozens of miners, broke into the process of Guangdi's makeshift camp, rescued Liu Dabao, Chen Cai and others, but also injured the soldiers.
The panicked Cheng Guangdi sent a fast horse to ask for help from Enze in Hunchun, who felt that the matter was of great importance and reported it to Changshun, his top general in Jilin, at top speed.
Changshun was guarding the Jilin frontier general, because of the influence of the foreign affairs movement, advocating the establishment of industry, wealth and strength of the country, he received Cheng Guangdi's report, and then reported to the court, and despite the opposition of the conservative ministers, resolutely support the Cheng Guangdi to run the mines, he instructed Enze, Cheng Guangdi Liu Dabao, Chen Cai, etc., from the disposition of the suppression of the people changed to the pacification, and will be the situation of the red rock boulders silver mine reported to the court several times.
In the spring of 1889, Changshun to Guangxu's zhangzhi wrote: "...... steal slaves, etc., respectfully accept the order of grace, the management of border affairs. Deeply concerned about the long years of soldiers Zuzu day long difficult to continue, every thought on the ground planning to open a wide range of lucrative ......". "Nucius Changshun since the arrival, Zhou consulting Bo visit, group to three surnames produce gold Hunchun silver production talk. Three surnames of gold mine before the private for the official temporary trial, the situation is detailed in the case, but Hunchun silver production said that there is no way to prove. After Cheng Guangdi and others survey, when in the Nangang Tianbao mountain (red stone boulders) within the silver mine, has been dug into a refuge, seems to be opened by stragglers ...... ". "Last spring, Enze went to Nangang school reading right a military folded back to the place to re-explore, and Cheng Guangdi survey situation is consistent with the lackey Changshun round-trip consultation, then Cheng Guangdi Merchants trial exploration ......"
Then the Qing court treasury is empty, so Changshun's The folding was quickly approved. Cheng Guangdi raised silver and bought means of production. According to Changshun's instructions, he retained Liu Dabao, Chen Cai and others, and then expanded the scale of production.
Guangxu seventeen years (1891), Changshun ordered the Hunchun Reclamation General Bureau to move to the Bureau of Street (now Yanji City), Cheng Guangdi from the Reclamation Recruitment Bureau recruited more than 200 people, at this time, the red rock boulder silver mine miners have reached more than 500 people.
After improving the production process, silver production has increased substantially, Changshun out of long-term considerations, in the nineteenth year of Guangxu (1893), led by Cheng Guangdi, Zheng Weizhou and Hunchun Vice President of the jurisdiction of some of the officials, went to Beijing to meet with the Empress Dowager, offering 24,000 taels of silver. At that time, is the construction of the Summer Palace lack of silver and worry about the Empress Dowager was very happy, Changshun took the opportunity to ask the old Buddha for the silver mine name. The Empress Dowager took "Tianbaoshan" as the name of the silver mine, full name "Hunchun Tianbaoshan Mining Bureau".
Changshun was a wise man, 24,000 taels of silver in exchange for the Empress Dowager's own name.
This is the origin of the name of Tianbaoshan Mine.
Tianbaoshan history
Cheng Guangdi in Tianbaoshan mine for more than ten years, there are data records, this period has produced 1.8 million taels of silver.
Because Tianbaoshan has rich mineral resources, from the Qing Dynasty to the outbreak of the First World War, not only is the feudal officials see Tianbaoshan as a money tree, but also caused by the foreign powers of the crazy looting, which is more than Japan. 1915, due to the weakness of the Chinese court, the Japanese Minister in China had directed the "Tianbaoshan co-operate with the opening of the mine contract". Mining contract". The Japanese crown of the occupation, looting of mineral resources has become a fact, from April 1916, the Japanese Iida Yentaro has recruited Han, dynasty and other nationalities of the miners more than 400 people, the collection of high-grade ore, and the installation of smelting equipment, the scale of production has reached the daily handling of more than 70 tons of ore. Japan's Tokyo Economic Journal once published an article that said Iida Yentaro in 1916 to 1919, four years, from the mountain Tianbao earned more than 900 times the profit of the investment.
After the "9.18" Incident in 1931, Japan occupied China's eastern provinces, and Tianbaoshan became the private backyard of the Mitsubishi Foundation, Iida Yentaro still used the signboard of the Sino-Japanese joint Tianbaoshan mine, and set up the headquarters of Tianbaoshan in October 1936 at No. 50 Datong Street in the pseudo-Xinjing (Changchun).
In order to quickly plunder China's underground mineral resources, Iida Yentaro and others quickly restored the 18-kilometer light railroad from the Old Man's Gully Railway Station to the Tianbaoshan Mine after the 530-kilometer-long Changchun (Chun) Tujia Railway was fully opened in 1935, creating favorable conditions for the transportation of mining equipment and materials and the expansion of the scale of production.
After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, the underground party organization of Tianbaoshan mine led the miners to carry out an indomitable struggle, Iida all of the Mitsubishi consortium for the restoration of many times suffered the destruction of the mine, the loss of a large number of financial and material resources, resulting in a decline in profits, Iida thus impeached by the board of directors and resigned, finally, the Mitsubishi consortium of the Tianbao mountain lost confidence in the Tianbao mountain, in 1942, Tianbao Mountain mine was sold to the Mitsui Consortium.
The Mitsui consortium took over the Tianbao Mountain mine, more cruel oppression of miners, stirred up the hatred of the miners. 1944 the night of the 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, there are two miners were again beaten by the Japanese Kimura, in the face of Kimura's ferocious belt beatings, the two miners can not bear to the long-suppressed anger, they rose up to fight back, and strangled Kimura, and in the processing plant's oil tanks on the fire, a big fire started, triggering a huge fire, which was the first time that the miners had been beaten.
August 16, 1945, the miners found the mine ghost soldiers, mine police, supervisors put the head are gone, and later learned that the Emperor of Japan has declared the unconditional surrender of the edict on August 15 at noon.
After the surrender of Japanese militarism, the Tianbaoshan mine was sabotaged by the Maintenance Association and reactionary elements and could not produce. Until the beginning of 1946, the Democratic Alliance led by the Chinese ****productivity party sent people to Tianbaoshan, organized the masses of miners, disbanded the maintenance association, collected the arms of the reactionary forces, and suppressed a number of reactionary elements, and the Tianbaoshan mine was not really liberated.
In February 1948, the Northeast Administrative Committee of the Chinese **** Producers Party sent Lin Hua and Zhang Dingyi to Tianbaoshan to organize the resumption of production and construction of the mine.
Under the leadership of the Party, the Tianbaoshan Mine Preparatory Office fully mobilized the enthusiasm of the miners, and tried to find ways to restore the mine's production equipment and facilities, and through the efforts, the small smelting plant was repaired, and in October 1948, the first furnace of copper water was smelted.
March 10, 1949, the preparatory office held a pledge meeting of all mine workers, politically emancipated, economically turned over the miners are determined to strive for a full resumption of mine production in the shortest possible time.
The Northeast Administration Committee, the Northeast Nonferrous Metals Administration in order to support the early resumption of production of Tianbaoshan, in the extreme lack of talent, deployment of mineral processing, electromechanical and mining professional engineers and technicians, the Preparatory Office of the formation of several by the workers, engineers and technicians, leading cadres of the three combinations of the assault team, to the 60 years of history of mining, suffered serious damage to the mine launched the Battle of the offensive. A team of people to repair the old man ditch to Tianbaoshan light railroad, to solve the transportation problem; a team of people to repair the brazing furnace, gunpowder magazine; higher technical standards of mechanical and electrical integrated commando team to repair the old man ditch to the Tianbaoshan high-voltage transmission lines, the main substation of the large mechanical and electrical equipment; underground drainage, equipment repair, the surface of the infrastructure to be carried out in stages.
On the first May Day after the founding of new China, production resumed in the Lishan pit of Tianbaoshan Mine with the official operation and power supply of the Tianlaogou high-voltage transmission line and the main substation.
In June 1950, Tianbaoshan Mine held its first staff congress, electing a mine management committee, and the formerly oppressed and exploited miners now became the masters of managing the mine.
September 1950, the Northeast Nonferrous Metals Administration sent a strong engineering team to cooperate with the Tianbaoshan Mine in the battle to restore the production of the Lishan concentrator.
After a few months of fighting, more than 10,000 square meters of reinforced concrete plant was constructed; ball mills and round mills were repaired; jaw crushers, flotation tanks, densifiers, dewatering filtration machines and other large-scale machinery and equipment were newly installed, and more than ten kilometers of Dakou Jing aqueducts and water sources were built. In the 30th anniversary of the birth of the Chinese ****production party in the happy days, July 1951, the daily processing of 150 tons of ore Lishan ore dressing plant officially resumed production.
The mine resumed construction period, when the U.S. imperialists launched a war of aggression against North Korea, y oppressed by foreign powers of the miners responded positively to Chairman Mao, the ****production party against the U.S., defending the country's call, the entire mine workers, their families jumped to donate, once for the volunteer army donated Tianbaoshan jet fighter, the aid to North Korea, a cannon.
September 27, 1953, Jilin Provincial Party Secretary Fu Zhensheng, lightly dressed, a private visit to Tianbaoshan mine. After an in-depth investigation and research, the provincial party secretary in the mine thousands of people in the General Assembly, spoke highly of the work of Tianbaoshan mine, mine recovery fast, has broken the norm. Should be given to the whole mine workers and families to remember a big credit. At the same time, I hope that the staff and workers of all races will continue to work hard to meet the coming new wave of large-scale economic construction across the country.
After the implementation of the first five-year plan for national economic development, Tianbaoshan mine as the production of industrial raw materials, national defense materials, heavy industry mines, by the state attaches great importance to the national financial successively pulled down a considerable amount of funds, a strong impetus to the development of mines, a short period of a few years, the Tianbaoshan mine has rebuilt the mountainous highway from the Tianbaoshan old man gully train station 20 kilometers long, the formation of the Mining Transportation Section; renovated the Tianlao high-voltage transmission line from 22,000 kV to 66,000 kV; built a new 5,600 kVA main substation; expanded the machinery repair plant, purchased modern machine tools and equipment; renovated the main shaft facilities of the Lishan pit. Increase ore hoisting capacity.
In 1954, Lishankeng built the second largest shaft specializing in lifting ore, forming a special line for transporting ore by motor car from Lishankeng to the Lishan processing plant.
The mine's production and construction in those years, can be said to be rapidly changing, in 1955, Lishan plant has formed a production scale of 1,000 tons of ore processing daily.
In 1958, by the national influence of the Great Leap Forward, Tianbaoshan mine after several years of prospecting and trial production to prepare for the Dongfeng pit mining system, and in the case of no application for state investment, relying on the mine's manpower and financial resources, and self-reliance began to build Dongfeng concentrator in 1959, officially put into production, thus forming the mine's second largest mining production system, 250 tons of ore per day. In 1961, the production capacity of Dongfeng Ore Dressing Plant was doubled, and in 1963, it was doubled again, and the daily ore processing capacity reached 1,000 tons. By now, Tianbaoshan Mine had formed a production scale of 2000 tons of ore per day, and became one of the eight largest mines in the national non-ferrous metal system, and was praised by the Ministry of Metallurgy and the General Administration of Nonferrous Metals for many times.
In the long river of history, Tianbaoshan Mine, like other fields, was inevitably influenced by the politics, economy and policies of the country at various times.
In 1966, the unprecedented cultural revolution in the mine set off a small wave of calumny. At first, people think that the mine is engaged in production, and the cultural revolution does not have much to do, but the development of the movement and the changing new situation, make people feel that the revolution exceeded the severity of the political movement after the founding of the country. In this movement, Tianbaoshan appeared different views of the mass organizations, took place between the opposing factions of the armed struggle, stopping work and production, fighting capitalists, catching secret agents, seizing the underground Kuomintang, mass dictatorship and a series of class struggles. At the climax of the movement, the leftist forces of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) entered Tianbaoshan, the military representatives participated in the Cultural Revolution and other affairs of the mine, and set up the Revolutionary Committee to clean up the class ranks. A special revolution under special conditions led to a number of unjust and false cases in this town of just over 10,000 people, with more than 1,000 people touched by one issue or another and killed, and more than 30 people forced to commit suicide.
The impact of the Cultural Revolution
The impact of the Cultural Revolution on China's economic development is an indisputable fact. The mines located in deep mountain ditches were affected by the Cultural Revolution, which slowed down the construction and development. However, there is a spirit of self-reliance mine people did not stop enterprising, the pace of entrepreneurship. In the seventies, in order to improve the shortage of supplies, staff and family members of the inconvenience of the situation, the Ministry of the mine thousands of staff and family members and the organization of casual workers, set up a brick factory, serving factory, construction engineering team, grain and oil processing plants, quilt factories, agricultural production team, greatly easing the supply and demand of mines and the contradiction in the life of the mine. In the production and construction of Tianbaoshan Mine, the "five, seven" family team, not only make each employee family increased economic income, but also for the mine provides a large number of agricultural by-products, to promote the production and development of the mine, played a positive role. Until 1981, the mine party committee to study and implement the National People's Congress "on the implementation of the resolution of the National People's Congress on compulsory tree-planting campaign", soil and water conservation, reforestation, the benefit of future generations into the agenda, and the gradual implementation of the return of farmland to forests, so that the "five, seven" family team gradually withdrew from the mine's production activities.
The mine set up a forestry department, take the short to feed the long, to the vice to feed the forest, a variety of management, self-development, the development of aquaculture, timber processing, charcoal burning, the construction of nurseries, cultivation of fruit trees. After years of operation, artificial afforestation of more than 9.6 million hectares, soil and water conservation forest of 450,000 hectares, more than 4 million trees planted on barren mountains, more than 140,000 greening of the four sides of the planting of more than 13 million fruit trees, the end of the eighties, the 22-square-kilometer mine has reached 48% of the forest coverage, through the investigation of the relevant state departments, selection, in 1988, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, named the Tianbao Mountain Mine as greening Advanced unit; China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation named Tianbaoshan Forestry as an advanced unit of greening.
In 1991, the mine won the honor of national advanced unit of environmental protection; China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation named Tianbaoshan as an environmentally beautiful mine; in the National Greening Commendation Conference held in Beijing, Tianbaoshan Mining Bureau was jointly named by the National Greening Committee, the Ministry of Forestry, and the Ministry of Personnel as a national advanced unit of greening. Zhang Dejiang, deputy secretary of Jilin Provincial Party Committee and secretary of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture Party Committee, visited Tianbaoshan Mining Bureau.
Tianbaoshan mine is a long history of non-ferrous metal mines, liberation of more than 50 years after the development of great changes.
As early as 1948 in the early liberation of the Northeast, Tianbaoshan mine under the Northeast Nonferrous Metals Administration; 1953 belongs to the Central People's Government of the Ministry of Heavy Industry; 1956 belongs to the Northeast Bureau of Copper and Lead Mining; 1958 belongs to the Jilin Province, Nonferrous Metals Industry Management Bureau; in 1978 the mines were once decentralized to the government of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture; 1985 Tianbaoshan mine belongs to China's In 1985, Tianbaoshan Mine was transferred to China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation (CNMC); in 1999, Jilin Metallurgical State-owned Holding Company took over the mine.
Times change, the vicissitudes of time, despite the liberation of the mine in more than 50 years several affiliation, but the basic policy of mine production and management of the management mode has not changed, as an important means of production of non-ferrous metals of the national economy, is always in the national planning economy under the guidance of the mine's capital investment, underground development, prospecting, excavation, mining must follow the national plan, the exploration and mining underground production Combination of underground production of exploration and mining, ore balance, ventilation and dust control, electricity, water, wind transport, ore transport elevation, product recovery rate of ore dressing and other production processes, must comply with the unified provisions of the state and the rules and regulations, to achieve the corresponding technical indicators and economic indicators. Because of the importance of non-ferrous metal production in the national economy and special, from the mid-eighties, China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation of the national plan price constraints and lead to policy losses of the mines to implement financial compensation, Tianbaoshan Mining Bureau in the closure of the bankruptcy of a number of periods before the annual subsidy of 9.6 million yuan of funds, the subsidy period and the amount of subsidies in the Yanbian region is unique.
July 1986, Tianbaoshan area in decades of rare mega-flood, the mine was hit by flooding, resulting in a sharp rise in water levels underground, flooding underground power distribution systems and pumping stations, only the evacuation of the underground production staff time, unable to take into account the underground production facilities, electromechanical equipment, resulting in a mega-flooding, was forced to shut down production, heavy losses. In that year, China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation of the affected mines in the policy, the economy to give special inclination and care, and strongly promote the mine production recovery after the disaster.
In 1989, in celebration of the 40th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tianbaoshan Mine held an unprecedented large-scale celebrations, while celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the mine.
Reviewing the mine from the restoration of construction to the history of continuous development, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion, that is, the development and growth of mining enterprises, inseparable from the importance of the party and the country; inseparable from the political, economic stability and investment; inseparable from the enterprise all staff to learn advanced technology, the use of scientific management; inseparable from the continuous reform, the courage to forge ahead in the practice of innovation.
Over the years, Tianbaoshan Mine has experienced suffering, unforgettable tragedy; self-reliance, hard work in the past; there are pioneering and enterprising, dedication to the splendor of the treasure. Into the nineties, although the mine is faced with poor resources, ore grade decline, increase production costs, capital turnover difficulties and many other unfavorable factors, still maintain a relatively stable level of production.
Mineral output since 1997
In 1997, the mine completed the extraction of a total of 472,000 tons; 415,000 tons of processed ore; copper content of 169 tons; lead content of 1,485 tons; zinc content of 5,203 tons; molybdenum content of 110 tons. The total value of the mine's fixed assets was 46 million yuan, and the total industrial output value was 43.93 million yuan; there were 3,702 on-the-job workers.
In 2000, the total copper content of the mine was 210.7 tons; lead content was 1,749.4 tons; zinc content was 4,032.2 tons; and crude lead content was 897.97 tons; the total value of fixed assets was 44 million yuan; and there were 1,434 employees.
On October 22, 2001, the National Leading Group of Enterprise Merger, Bankruptcy and Employee Re-employment issued document (2001) No. 19, agreeing that Tianbaoshan Mining Bureau and other three non-ferrous metal enterprises to enter into bankruptcy procedures. Jilin Province, non-ferrous metal enterprise closure and bankruptcy work office to the word (2001) No. 3 documents forwarded to the national enterprise mergers and bankruptcy and re-employment of workers working group office "on agreeing to Tianbaoshan Mining Bureau and other three non-ferrous metal enterprises into the bankruptcy of the degree of notice".
Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture People's Government on February 19, 2002, to Yanzhou government letter (2002) No. 30 document, approved consent to Tianbaoshan Mining Bureau into bankruptcy. Longjing Municipal People's Court accepted the Tianbaoshan Mining Bureau to close the bankruptcy case, on March 13, 2002, to the Longmin Erchu Zi 3 ----2 "Civil Ruling", the announcement of the Tianbaoshan Mining Bureau to implement the closure of the bankruptcy.
So far, with more than a hundred years of mining history of Tianbaoshan mine out of the ranks of the national non-ferrous metal mines, leaving the future generations will be the famous old mines of the past and colorful legends.
Now
With the local investment, Longjing Hanfeng Mining Co., Ltd. was established in September 2004 and acquired Tianbaoshan.