The marketization and socialization reform of some public services selectively reflects the concession of government functions of public departments and the return of market value. With the rapid development of economy and society, modern government is facing the dilemma of rapid growth of social demand and relative shortage of public financial resources. The above reform is an inevitable trend in line with the transformation of government functions and the requirements of the people.
(A) favorable factors for the marketization and socialization of public services
1. Realize the combination of government functions and market mechanism. In the field of public services, the adoption of market-oriented means and privatization means is essentially the introduction of competition mechanism, which can effectively reduce the cost and improve the quality of public services and realize the optimal allocation of public resources in the market; The government plays a macro-management role by setting standards, evaluating and supervising the service effect. Therefore, the market-oriented reform of public service projects has effectively solved the problems of inefficient government behavior and lack of government public support for market behavior. Since the reform and opening up, Shaoxing county has made some private hospitals and schools enter the public service field earlier, which has opened the gap of government monopolizing medical and educational resources, increased the people's selectivity for resources, caused competitive pressure on public schools and hospitals to a certain extent, and played a positive role in strengthening standardized management and improving service quality of these industries, thus improving social and economic benefits. The marketization and socialization reform of these public service projects will alleviate the financial pressure of the government.
2. Improve the taste of the city and serve the people. The degree of marketization and socialization in the field of public services is an important measure to measure the level of urban modernization. Although the traditional public services are "all-inclusive" and well managed by the government, they lack the vitality they deserve, thus keeping the public's public consumption at a low base point. The government takes the initiative to lower the market access threshold of public service projects and establish a diversified investment mechanism for public service projects, so that the public service field will continue to expand horizontally and develop in depth on this basis, which will help to form a relatively complete public service network. Intervening in the field of public service with social forces is not only the inheritance and transfer of government functions, but also the call of "small government and big society" in the field of public management. The planning and construction of private hospitals and high-standard medical services, the improvement of teaching quality and the expansion of social influence in private high schools in recent years have gathered the popularity of the city and a large number of talents. Some private hospitals have introduced a number of master's and doctoral students since their operation; The establishment of private high schools has also brought a large number of undergraduates from other provinces, which has played an important role in enhancing the city's popularity and building a city brand. The fundamental purpose of improving the city's taste is to serve the people, and the market-oriented operation of public service projects has effectively eased the contradiction between public service supply and market demand.
3. The combination of saving administrative resources and stimulating folk vitality. With the prominent status of social undertakings and the continuous expansion of urban space in Ke Qiao, the field of public services will be expanded and the division of public services will be refined. In this context, the government's limited financial funds should not only increase investment in urban infrastructure construction, but also continuously enrich public services, thus increasing the pressure on the control and use of government funds. Therefore, divesting part of the government's public service functions will help reduce administrative costs and help the government concentrate on doing great things and difficult things. At the same time, some public service projects adopt market-oriented means, which really plays a very important role in resolving non-performing assets and unloading financial burdens. From a historical point of view, private enterprises involved in the field of public services have indeed undertaken some projects that the government wants to do but cannot do, and made contributions to promoting county development. In Shaoxing county, which is economically developed and rich in the people, there is a realistic social foundation for realizing the marketization and socialization of public services. In particular, a large number of enterprises above designated size have accumulated considerable economic strength through years of market struggle and successful enterprise operation, which has created important conditions for enterprises to realize diversified expansion and participate in public projects.
4. Transform government functions and expand democratic participation. The marketization and socialization of public services can achieve the purpose of unloading government functions and streamlining institutions. Market-oriented reform determines the functional relationship between the government and the market: the function of the government mainly lies in "steering", while the function of "rowing" is more completed by the market. Privatization of public services can realize the transfer of some government functions to the market and society, effectively adjust and optimize departmental functions, and help build a "cheap government". Generally speaking, any function that can be completed by the private sector and non-governmental organizations and can be better than the government should not be retained in the public service department of the government. This will help to separate government affairs, supervision and maintenance, thus achieving the goal of streamlining institutions. The marketization of public services can also expand citizens' democratic participation and promote the perfection of democracy. By introducing market and social forces into the field of public services, the government implements diversified service supply, which is actually the process of the government's "power return" to the society and the people's participation in administration. The essence of this process is the development of social democracy. In the process of marketization and socialization of public services, there is a complex interest game relationship between the government and other market entities, which will help the government to make more scientific and effective decisions in the future.
5. Change the ruling idea and improve the coping ability. From a deeper perspective, the marketization and socialization of public services is a revolution at the conceptual level, which urges people to gradually get rid of the mindset of expanding public service resources only from the government itself, gradually establish the concept of benign interactive operation of society, dialectically understand the functions and functions of the three pillars of modern society (government, enterprises and social organizations), and truly make the government "do something but not do it" and urge the government to do something from itself. The process of marketization and socialization of public services is a process full of contradictions, especially in the early stage of its development. Because the government itself lacks experience and institutional supervision in the market-oriented operation of public services, it is easy to cause a large number of high-quality public service resources to be idle or even wasted. This deeply tortures the government's ability to control the market economy, thus prompting it to improve its ability to cope with complex situations.
(B) the main problems of marketization and socialization of public services
While affirming the positive role of marketization and socialization of public services, we should also seek its negative factors realistically. Marketization is not everything. The complex interest game between the government and investors and the realistic contrast between good wishes and objective effects make people realize the difficulties and twists and turns of the marketization of public services.
1. Public responsibility is seriously lacking. In the process of marketization of public services, the pursuit of value goals of public products by the government and investors is not consistent. As a government department, it not only requires high efficiency, but also attaches importance to social responsibility; Considering the input-output ratio, the private sector may ignore social responsibility and public interest. This is always a contradiction that cannot be satisfactory to both sides. In this way, there will be "predatory" management and fraud problems in the operation process. In practice, some investors, by means of contract modification and fraud, have caused problems such as arrears in project payment, bank recovery of loans, land seizure by the court, and mass petitions. This is a serious lack of public responsibility of operators. In the operation of some private schools, due to the inherent impulse of investors to maximize profits, relatives are allowed to take charge of financial resources and material resources, and at the same time, they do not fulfill their promises at will and directly interfere with the daily teaching management, resulting in confusion in the internal management of schools. Therefore, fundamentally speaking, the resolution of "moral hazard" in the practice of marketization and socialization of public services cannot rely on the conscience discovery of investors, while the anomie of administrative supervision and the separation of institutional constraints increase the chances of moral hazard.
2. Social resources are idle and seriously lost. Judging from the actual operation of private investment in public service projects, the performance of public service projects is worrying. Some private hospitals have idle equipment and operating losses. At the same time, due to the lack of business, a large number of imported high-level talents are idle, which affects the stability of the talent team. In contrast, some public hospitals are saturated. Some private schools have lost money for years or even stopped running because of their own positioning and internal management problems. The above-mentioned projects have their own reasons for getting into trouble and losing money, but objectively speaking, in developed counties where the government's public service resources are in a strong position, especially in the fields of education and medical care, there is not much room for private commitment to public service projects. Under the existing system and administrative preference, it is also reasonable for the government to directly operate public services.
3. The marketization of public services is narrow and single. In the process of marketization and socialization of public service projects, privatization is basically adopted, which belongs to the practice of "selling land" to a considerable extent. Therefore, the connection with the government was cut off in terms of property rights, which objectively weakened the depth and intensity of the government's involvement in these services. This obviously belongs to the external loose combination mode of government and market. This seemingly thorough marketization of public services reflects our immature understanding of marketization. In the specific operation of starting the project, it has not been done step by step, resulting in operating losses and idle resources for some public service projects. Privatization alone has caused the long-term loss of high-quality government resources (including land), which has affected the government's regulation of economic resources and the overall urban planning to some extent. At the same time, due to the loss of public service projects in the private sector, it is bound to require the government to compensate for its interests, thus making the government's good intentions go up in smoke. In fact, the marketization of public service projects can not only take the private way, but also take the mode of government project contract outsourcing and government-private cooperation.
4. Inadequate supervision of imported projects and lack of rigidity in planning and implementation. Problems in the marketization of public service projects are often related to the government's implementation of project supervision and planning. When the project was introduced, the government management did not follow up step by step and did not strictly follow the contract. Some investors are easily allowed to adjust their plans, and the lack of government functions in key links often becomes a hotbed for inducing power and money transactions. At the same time, the problems existing in the construction of these projects are also related to the lack of comprehensive supervision by urban construction, finance, industry and commerce departments, which makes it possible for funds to flee and operate illegally. Judging from the realistic stage of economic development and the professional ethics of investors, it seems too early for them to voluntarily assume the social responsibility of public service projects, which is why investors in public service projects always provide returns to the government in the form of "real estate bundling".
5. Lack of follow-up government management and imperfect internal mechanism. In the process of marketization of public services, the government only pays attention to the early management of public services, including planning and construction, but often lacks the follow-up management system and measures for its actual operation after completion. Often, after problems arise or investors make demands, policy documents are used instead of standardized management, which fails to effectively establish a regular dialogue and consultation mechanism between the government and investors, resulting in poor information and asymmetry between the government and the private sector. In fact, in the process of marketization, the government cannot be completely divorced from it, and it still bears the responsibility of performance management and evaluation. The problems in the operation of public services are also related to the lack of perfect internal management mechanism of private institutions themselves. Investors are used to managing public services with the "boss management" mode of enterprises, hiring foreign talents with low salaries, ignoring actual results, and getting quick success and instant benefit will benefit public projects as soon as possible. At the same time, the public service field is a place where intellectuals gather, and these managers employed by investors are among the best. Although they have no assets, they have ideas and abilities. Only by fully stimulating the enthusiasm of managers and providing them with a good entrepreneurial environment can investors achieve sustainable development in the field of public services.