As the saying goes, "The mountain is prosperous, and the water is prosperous." In China's geomantic omen, the choice of homestead is almost that there is no water to build and no water to live in, which has become the law of China's national quintessence architecture. Water is originally closely related to astronomy, geography and human beings' various development activities in nature. She is the mother of all life, the blood of the earth and the support for the growth of all things. Water is also the lifeline of human beings. Where there is wind and water, there is life and vitality, everything can grow and people can live. Therefore, water is the lifeline of economic development and social development and progress. Since the 192s, the global shortage of fresh water resources has become more and more serious, which has hindered the development of urban industry and agriculture. Therefore, in the 21st century, water resources have become a hot issue in China and even the world, and any hot issue will contain great opportunities for reform and development. It is understandable that real estate investors are keen on this special study.
after summing up the experience and lessons of half a century, developed countries have carried out the reform of water management system in succession: the United States put forward the concept of "Water Shed" at the end of the 2th century. Water area is a unified management range of water resources, water supply system, drainage system and user organizations (a city can be divided into several water areas). It is realistic and feasible to carry out comprehensive management according to the concept of water ecological cycle within this water area.
Second, green ecological residential quarters:
In order to fully implement the eight-character policy of "energy saving, water saving, land saving and pollution control" in residential construction and strengthen the ecological environment construction of residential quarters, the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Construction has formulated "Key Points and Technical Guidelines for the Construction of Green Ecological Residential Quarters" and "Technical Evaluation Manual for Ecological Residential Quarters in China".
the overall goal is to take science and technology as the guide, promote the construction of residential ecological environment and improve the level of residential industrialization as the overall goal, and take residential quarters as the carrier to comprehensively improve the overall level of energy saving, water saving, land saving and pollution control in residential quarters, drive the development of related industries, and realize the unity of social, economic and environmental benefits. Among them, the first issue is "energy", followed by "water environment system".
what is "Water Environmental Systems"? It refers to a water environment system that integrates water resources comprehensive utilization technology under the premise of meeting the requirements of water quantity and water quality of residents in residential areas. It consists of community water supply, pipeline direct drinking water, reclaimed water, rainwater collection, sewage treatment, drainage, waterscape and other systems.
Assessment criteria for water environment system of green ecological residential quarters:
(1) Water use planning:
Effectively use water resources to the maximum extent and reduce sewage discharge in residential quarters. Make full use of the treated domestic sewage, and reuse it for natural infiltration of environmental water, miscellaneous rainwater and greening landscape water to replenish groundwater. Water saving rate (WCR)% (it should be greater than or equal to 15%, but not more than 5%):
total water consumption quota value-design value of tap water consumption
WCR =----------------. Drinking water; Reclaimed for building miscellaneous water and urban miscellaneous water;
2. The water quantity is reasonable, meeting the requirements of water target quota.
3. The secondary pollution of water should be considered in the selection and operation of water supply facilities for pipes, accessories and equipment.
4. Drainage system: rain and sewage are separated; The collection and discharge of sewage, wastewater and rainwater meet all requirements and have no negative impact on the ecological environment; Collect high-quality miscellaneous drainage to minimize the amount of sewage, wastewater and rainwater discharged into the municipal system; Prevent the leakage of drainage system and cross infection caused by the use of drainage riser;
(3) Sewage treatment and reuse:
1. The purpose is to protect the water environment around residential areas and realize the resource and harmlessness of sewage treatment; Improve the environment;
2. Centralized sewage treatment in residential areas, and the treated effluent quality should meet the corresponding water quality standards:
3. Reasonable planning of reclaimed water should be made according to local conditions, so that the reuse rate should be more than 2%, but not more than 4%.
water consumption
recycling rate (WRR)% =-----------× 1%
total amount of sewage
4. sewage treatment and recycling system:
sewage treatment: centralized sewage treatment plants in residential areas should be preferred. Combined with the characteristics of residential areas and climate characteristics, make full use of nutrients and energy resources in sewage; Sludge should be properly treated and comprehensively utilized in combination with the greening of residential areas;
Sewage reuse: We should make a technical and economic comparison of different reuse purposes and choose a practical scheme in combination with the specific conditions of residential areas; When reclaimed water is used as building miscellaneous water and landscape water, the water quality should meet the following requirements: Water Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water and Water Quality Standard for Landscape Environment;
supplementary source water: when directly entering the surface water source, the water quality shall meet the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; Reclaimed water that meets the standard of landscape water use is used in the process of landscape water body, and is indirectly replenished to the underground aquifer through surface infiltration; The reclaimed water that supplements the source water must undergo strict and effective disinfection treatment;
5. rainwater utilization: the rainwater on the roof is collected and enters the landscape water body, and naturally permeates with the green space; Surface runoff: limit rainwater infiltration through green lawn to replenish groundwater;
6. Greening and landscape water use (omitted)
Wetlands: regulating microclimate, improving ecological environment and maintaining biodiversity through wetland system.
7. water-saving facilities and appliances: implement relevant national laws and regulations to save water; The utilization rate of water-saving appliances reaches 1%;
III. Planning and design of water environment system in residential quarters: (omitted)
IV. Improving drinking water quality in residential quarters in an all-round way: (omitted)
V. Ecological waterscape in residential quarters: waterscape of green ecological quarters, referred to as waterscape:
(1). Types of waterscape:
At present, fountains in China: Heyuan, Guangdong. The longest running spring: 27 meters from Xiaoling River in Jinzhou. The longest fountain: Dalian Xinghai Bay Plaza: one kilometer.
the latest technical trends: projection water curtain; Frequency conversion running spring; Interesting fountain; Fire and smoke; Clouds, etc.
(1), a large category: using topography or civil structures to imitate natural water landscapes, such as streams, falling water, waterfalls, ponds, artificial lakes, fish ponds, fountains, etc., which are widely used in traditional gardens in China.
(2), another large category: relying entirely on fountain equipment for landscaping, made up of various kinds. This kind of waterscape has been widely used in the field of architecture.
(2). Waterscape water system:
It is required in the Key Points and Technical Guidelines for the Construction of Green Ecological Residential Quarters:
(1) Landscape water should adopt a circulating system and be equipped with purification facilities;
(2) The waterscape project of green ecological residential quarters should make full use of topography, features and natural scenery to create a beautiful waterscape environment.
(3) The landscape water system should be optimized in combination with the reclaimed water system. Rainwater or reclaimed water should be used as the water source for landscape.
(3) Basic principles of waterscape design:
The components of waterscape project include civil pool, pipeline system, power system, lighting and automatic control system, etc. A good waterscape design is bound to create excellent artistic effect by the perfect combination of various disciplines.
(1) Meet the functional requirements: A. Basic functions of waterscape. Therefore, it must be able to bring people beauty, and the static scenery is matched with the active waterscape. Figure 2 shows Williams Square in Texas, USA, which achieves the combination of static and dynamic, making it more lively, colorful and artistic. Longhua Town, Baoan, Shenzhen also "moved" this sculpture as it is, but the water spraying design was wrong, so the horse could not "run".
B. Waterscape also has the functions of playing, entertainment and fitness: Rhine Park (Germany)
C. Waterscape can improve the environment, such as improving the environment of busy and noisy streets.
D. Waterscape also has the function of regulating microclimate:
Streams, artificial lakes and various fountains all have the functions of dust removal, air purification and humidity regulation. Because the larger the contact surface area between water and air, the smaller the jetted droplets are, the more obvious the air purification effect is, and the more negative oxygen ions are produced. Therefore, it can obviously increase the concentration of negative oxygen ions in the environment, reduce the number of suspended bacteria, make people feel comfortable and have certain health care work.