1, the laboratory environment should not affect the accuracy of the test results; As far as the food microbiology laboratory is concerned, the operation that is easily affected by the environment is aseptic testing. If it is carried out in a clean room, the clean room is easily polluted by the external environment. Whether the design of the clean room is reasonable, such as whether it is far away from the polluted area, whether the clean room is isolated from the external environment through the secondary buffer, whether the tester changes clean clothes and wears masks and gloves when entering the clean room, and so on.
2. The laboratory area should be clearly separated from the office area; The laboratory office and the test area should not be in the same area, that is, the office should not be set inside the laboratory, which is a requirement that needs special attention when designing the laboratory.
3. The working area and overall layout of the laboratory should meet the needs of inspection work, and the laboratory layout should adopt one-way workflow to avoid cross-contamination; Food microbiology laboratory should be equipped with sufficient functional areas, such as preparation room, clean room, biochemical room (BSL-2 laboratory is equipped with biosafety cabinet), culture room, decontamination room, etc. One-way workflow makes the room layout reasonable, scientific and practical. A well-designed microbiology laboratory is a powerful guarantee for the accuracy of microbial detection.
4. The temperature, humidity, cleanliness, illumination and noise of the laboratory environment should meet the work requirements; The standard does not accurately put forward the relevant technical parameters. The following are the technical requirements for temperature, humidity, illumination, noise and cleanliness of microbiology laboratory summarized by individuals, which can be used as reference for laboratory design and daily environmental monitoring.
Extended data
There should be good natural ventilation in the construction of microbiology laboratory, and exhaust fans should be equipped when necessary. Inoculation, isolation and identification of bacteria should be carried out in a biosafety cabinet. For the detection of highly infectious microorganisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the clinical microbiology laboratory must contact all kinds of harmful microorganisms other than 100%. In order to prevent cross-contamination and protect the health of staff, the laboratory should be divided into at least three areas:
I. Clean area
Comprises an office, a lounge, a culture medium preparation room and a reagent storage room. It is forbidden to carry human bacterial test specimens in this area.
Second, the operation area
( 1)? Cleanliness: Microbial operation area is a place where various pathogenic bacteria are relatively concentrated. In order to reduce dust flow and prevent cross-contamination, the operation area should be isolated from the outside world. Laboratory personnel should change their shoes when entering the operation area, and specimen delivery personnel are not allowed to enter the operation area. The floor of the operating area should be mopped with a special mop 1 time every day and scrubbed with disinfectant 1 time every week. Every morning before work, use ultraviolet radiation for 30 minutes, or every day after work, use ultraviolet radiation for 60 minutes to disinfect the entire operating area; Disinfect the countertop with disinfectant after work in the afternoon to ensure a safe and clean working environment.
(2)? Illumination: Sufficient illumination is needed to observe the microcolonies cultured by bacteria and the agglutinating particles in serum tests. In addition to conventional lighting, operation desk lamps must be installed in the operation area to ensure the correct judgment of experimental results.
(3)? Ventilation: due to the concentration of various pathogenic bacteria and dirty air, the laboratory requires it to be carried out in a biosafety cabinet.
(4)? Temperature and humidity: Due to the requirements of aseptic operation, alcohol lamps are often used in experiments, so ceiling fans cannot be installed in microbiology laboratories. In order to achieve the appropriate temperature for the experiment, especially to meet the requirements of some instruments for temperature and humidity, air conditioning should be installed in the laboratory.
(5)? Power supply: it is required to provide stable voltage and constant frequency power supply; According to the requirements of instruments and equipment, provide uninterrupted power supply when necessary.
(6)? Water source: Water source must be set in the operation area. The sink used for specimen processing (such as bacterial staining) and the sink used for staff washing hands cannot be mixed.
(7)? Contaminant treatment: the operation area must be equipped with a disinfection tank to treat contaminated items, such as glass slides stained with live bacteria. The remaining specimens with bacteria, used plates and test tubes must be safely placed in a centralized place, disinfected and sterilized before cleaning or discarding.
Second, the sterile area
( 1)? The sterile room should be completely closed, with at least two doors in and out, with a buffer room in the middle, and an openable window should be set between the sterile room and the outside for transporting utensils.
(2)? The sterile room must be kept clean and tidy. When entering the sterile room, the staff should change special shoes and clothes. Sterile room must be disinfected with ultraviolet rays for 30min before use, and the countertop should be cleaned after operation, and then disinfected with ultraviolet rays for 30min. Regularly fumigate with lactic acid or formaldehyde and disinfect thoroughly.
(3)? Sterile room is only used for aseptic operations such as medium packaging, and cannot be used for the operation of bacterial specimens. Operators should strictly close the door and wear special masks and hats when operating.
(4) Sterile room should be equipped with air filtration device and air conditioning.
Fuzhou High-tech Zone Government -GB 4789 438+0-205438+06 National Food Safety Standard
Baidu encyclopedia-microorganism laboratory