Property: three-dimensional / stereo.
The level of knowledge of the electrical activity of the heart: "three-dimensional stereo + myocardial anisotropy". Stereo electrocardiogram (3D-ECG) is also known as "three-dimensional electrocardiogram". It is a combination of 1D, 2D and 3D, with real-time synchronized acquisition, conversion and tracing of all three. In other words, it can observe the temporal sequence of conduction through the conduction bundle to illustrate the frequency and rhythm of the heartbeat; and it can also observe the spatial spreading process of the vectors of myocardial electrochemical spreading to illustrate the characteristics of the changes of waveforms (P, QRS, T, U). The organic combination of these three and their complementary processes can never be replaced by traditional traumatic electrophysiologic examinations and non-traumatic electrophysiologic examinations.
3D-ECG is able to diagnose everything that traditional electrocardiography can diagnose, and it is also able to diagnose everything that traditional electrocardiography cannot diagnose with early, specific, sensitive and accurate diagnosis.
This technology updates the traditional classical theory; fills the gap in the world's research on myocardial electrocardiography; makes the classification of cardiovascular diseases clear and the diagnosis clear; and makes the diagnostic results more objective, comprehensive, detailed, accurate, intuitive, early, unique, and simple. The establishment of three-dimensional electrocardiography development concept will greatly improve the clinical, scientific research, teaching level, and drive the multidisciplinary to the vertical and horizontal direction of in-depth development. At present, the technology has yet to be popularized.
Clinical:
1, the realization of multi-domain, omni-directional, full-view observation of three-dimensional electrocardiogram, so that the diagnosis is more objective, comprehensive, detailed, intuitive, accurate and practical.
2, from the space of the diagnostic criteria concise, accurate and unique. It can replace the complicated one-sided indicators of one/two dimensions.
3, omni-directional, full-view rotation of the three-dimensional ring, eliminating the ECG, VCG "blind spot" and the overlap of the perspective.
4. The new index of 3D-ECG significantly improves the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and practicality of electrocardiographic diagnosis.
5. Expanding the concept of arrhythmia. In the past, the concept of arrhythmia was limited to the conduction system (the so-called "railroad"); in the future, it will be expanded to the structure and function of the myocardium, such as myocardial anisotropy (the so-called "highway").
6. Various waveform changes (P, QRS, T, U), which are regarded as difficult to identify and diagnose in ECG, are instead viewed in the 2/3D-ECG platform in a complete and detailed manner, with prominent features and clear mechanisms, making clinical diagnosis simple, fast, and easy to see at a glance. (e.g. supraventricular/ventricular tachycardia, identification of various wide/narrow QRS wave clusters, complex arrhythmias, spatial localization of ectopic agonists, judgment of conduction/diffusion pathways, bundle branch/branch/bypass combined with myocardial lesions caused by a variety of etiologies, etc.).
7. It facilitates the classification, differentiation, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Such as conduction bundle-based or myocardial lesion-based diseases, especially containing both conduction bundle and myocardial lesion differential diagnosis.
8, to facilitate further observation and study of early atrial/ventricular myopathy electrical spreading pattern. For example, the main diseases with depolarization spread (P, QRS): atrial/ventricular premature beats (benign/malignant), focal infarction, cardiomyopathy, preexcitation, hypertensive heart disease, heart failure and ventricular wall tumor, etc.; the main diseases with repolarization spread (Ta, T, ST): early coronary artery disease, sudden cardiac death, myocarditis, electrolyte imbalance, shock, PTCA, coronary artery bypass grafting/post-stenting, pacemakers, electrocardiographic function and cardiac stability, typing and prediction. cardiac stability typing, prediction, etc.
9, at the same time for the traditional trauma and non-traumatic electrophysiological examination and combination, provides a **** the same new field, new methods, new means, and new subjects.
10. The advantage of ECG lies in the temporal sequence of the conduction process (conduction bundles); the advantage of 2D/3D-ECG lies in the cognition of waveform changes (myocardial electrical spreading); the three should be regarded as complementary. Traumatic electrophysiology will consequently play a greater role.
11. The pathways, areas, levels, volumes, functions, and patterns of positive and abnormal cardiac conduction/expansion (de- and repolarization expansion) will be measured in a detailed and intuitive manner.
Recently, Prof. Zhao Feng pointed out:
1. "Myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and electrocardiographic disorders can be predicted and diagnosed at an early stage due to the defects of traditional electrocardiographic diagnostic method, which is only a one-dimensional (straight line/time domain/timing) expression; it is a simple tracing of positive and negative potential difference of the planar annulus projected from a certain angle. It is a simple tracing of the positive and negative potential difference of a flat ring projected from a certain angle. Therefore, its advantage is only the description of the frequency and rhythm of the heartbeat, i.e., how many times a minute it beats, and whether it is synchronized or not, which is an empirical science and is too simplistic. At the same time, it is also simply impossible to visually and meticulously express the process of spreading changes in myocardial electrical activity.
In comparison, everything has time, space and gender, and one is indispensable. Stereo electrocardiogram, in addition to the above temporal also has a spatial and instantaneous spatial, more prominent waveforms (P, QRS, T, U, Ta, ST, etc.) of the cognitive advantages of the spatial and temporal conversion, and the value of the only, no blind spot. It is able to achieve early, subtle, intuitive, specific, sensitive, accurate and truly meaningful electrocardiographic changes that precede anatomical and morphological changes. (See Zhao Feng stereo electrocardiogram)
2. The traditional classical theory is defective, misleading and must be updated. The cause of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death is mainly the lesions of the myocardium itself, such as ischemia and structural changes in the myocardium that lead to disturbances in cardiac electrical activity. In the past, the classical theory that the Poincaré fiber network is distributed from the endocardium to the epicardium; is based on the erroneous theory that changes in the membrane potential of a single cell and is equivalent to the overall myocardium (syncytiotrophoblasts) following the all-or-nothing law. In fact, the myocardium is divided into three layers, its structure, arrangement, direction and function are very different, i.e., myocardial anisotropy makes myocardial bioelectric dividing/repolarizing spreading process, pathway, area, volume, orientation, etc. very complicated, which is by no means clear from the simple tracing of positive and negative potential difference. Four-dimensional ECG diagnostic technology corrects, improves and makes up for the defects and shortcomings of traditional linear ECG, planar cardiac vector map and three-dimensional stereo ECG technology, and fills the research gap in the field of myocardial spreading in the world. This will also surely lead to the vertical and horizontal in-depth development of multiple disciplines.
3, electrocardiology 100 years of development history: cognitive 1 → 2 → 3 → 4D; the future direction of 4 → 3 → 2 → 1D.
4, arrhythmia should include: conduction bundles + myocardial spread
5, cardiac conduction bundles have two kinds: neurogenic + myogenic. The former is commonly known as conduction bundle; the latter is first mentioned by Prof. Zhao Feng as "myocardial repolarized myocardial conduction bundle, such as ventricular repolarized muscular conduction (VRMC)".
6, three words: (summary, outlook)
①Yesterday's knowledge of the "railroad" - conduction bundles (anatomy, structure, function)
②Today's repair of the "pipeline " - blood vessels (thrombolysis, bypass, intervention)
③Tomorrow exploration "highway" - myocardial expansion (myocardial bundles arranged towards function) Foldback pathway, etc.).