The three districts of Xinhui, Pengjiang and Jianghai under the jurisdiction of Jiangmen City and the four county-level cities of Taishan, Kaiping, Enping and Heshan under its vicarious administration are commonly known as Wuyi in Jiangmen. It is located on the coast of the South China Sea, with a coastline of 283 kilometers and more than 70 islands of various sizes in the sea. It is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, close to Southeast Asia, and had a docking point for foreign ships as early as the Ming Dynasty. With a total area of 9,288 square kilometers, it has a current population of 3,953,300; more than 2,150,000 overseas Chinese and Chinese, accounting for 57% of the population of the Overseas Chinese Township; together with more than 1,490,000 compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao, it reaches 96%. Overseas Chinese and Chinese people are distributed in 107 countries and regions, of which the United States and Canada are the most numerous, with more than 1.32 million people. There are 1,964,800 returned overseas Chinese, overseas Chinese dependents and family members of Hong Kong and Macao compatriots in the countryside.
Wuyi has a long history of emigration, more than a thousand years since the Tang and Song dynasties. Large-scale immigration took place after the Opium War, and before the founding of New China, there were two high points of immigration: one was from 1840 to 1882 (when the U.S. Congress passed the first bill to prohibit the entry of Chinese into the U.S.); and the other was after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the founding of New China.
In the sixth year of Emperor Xizong Qianfu of the Tang Dynasty (879 A.D., same below), the Huang Chao Uprising, which fought from Shandong all the way to Guangzhou, affected Xinhui, and it is believed that there were people from Wuyi among the streams of people who fled Sumatra and other places after the defeat of the soldiers.
Southern Song Xiangxing two years (1279), the Yuan army in Xinhui Yamen sea duel to destroy the Song, 100,000 "King" Song troops sacrificed, about 30,000 defeated soldiers and people fled to the South China Sea, which has a lot of Wuyi people. After the fall of the Song Dynasty, there were a number of peasant uprisings in Wuyi (such as the one led by Lin Guifang and Lide in 1283), which failed and they fled overseas to become overseas Chinese.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, a ban on the use of the sea was imposed. To the first year of the Ming Emperor Yongle (1403), the official "tribute" in the name of overseas trade, Guangdong has a city Hublot Tizhu Division, Guangzhou has become one of the major foreign ports, Xinning (present-day Taishan) has a wide range of sea, Wangdong, Qitan, three "Wokou" (temporary mooring). (temporary mooring points). In 1405-1433 AD, Zheng He traveled to the West Ocean for 29 years, visiting more than 30 countries in Southeast Asia, India, Persia, and the east coast of Africa. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, from 1442 to 1552, there were 10 peasant revolts in Wuyi, with thousands or 100,000 peasants, and many of them fled to the South China Sea after they were suppressed and failed. Ming Mu Zong Longqing years (1567 - 1572), the court abolished the sea ban, at this time there are Kaiping people to go to the ocean for business. Ming Jiajing 32 years (1553), the Portuguese began to occupy Macau on the pretext of exposure to waterlogged goods. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain, France and other competing to occupy Africa, America, Asia, Oceania many colonies, the need for labor force development, first in Africa to traffic in tens of millions of black slaves to the Americas and other places; and later turned to the East, and as early as 1519 the Portuguese on the coast of China to loot and abduction of our people to the Portuguese East India settlement, and in 1519, 1523, In 1556, the Portuguese invaded Xinhui three times and sold good people to the sea; the Dutch also recruited Chinese laborers along the coasts of Fujian and Guangdong at the same time; later on, it evolved into a large-scale "hard labor trade", and Macao became an important stronghold. As Macau was close to Wuyi, many people from Wuyi left the country through Macau or were tricked into selling their piglets to Macau to go abroad.
The early Qing Dynasty also imposed a ban on the use of the sea and practiced the policy of "relocating the border", which made it difficult for people to leave the country, but it could not be banned. In the "Xinhui rural land records" and the genealogy of the Gao family, recorded Shadu people Gaozhu, after "moving the border", "border" toss, back to his hometown a year and was burglarized, the parents died at the age of 10 (1668), was forced to flee to Macao, and then to Thailand, practicing medicine for 16 years, and then returned to Thailand. After practicing medicine for 16 years, he returned to China and became the imperial physician of Emperor Kangxi. This was the first overseas Chinese in Wuyi to leave and return to China as recorded in writing. In the early Qing Dynasty, there were many peasant revolts against the Qing Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty in Wuyi, such as the peasant revolts in Sanjiang, Waihai and Laizhumen in Shunzhi 2-17 (1645-1660); the peasant revolts in Laizhumen in Shunzhi 4; and the peasant revolts in Sanjiang, Waihai and Laizhumen in Shunzhi 5. Shunzhi 4 years (1647) Xinhui Dugang (now Heshan) Huang barbaric long led by the peasant revolt; Xinhui Du Ruan people Huang Gongfu and Xinning Wencun people Wang Xing led by the peasant revolt, together 100,000 people. After these revolts failed, many of them fled overseas by boat. Qing Jiaqing years (1796--1820), Xinhui Chiu Lian Zhang Baozai fell into the grass for the bandits, the peak of 200,000 people, and then by the Qing army "suppression", "caress" and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, while the 60,000 to 70,000 people refused to surrender. Refused to surrender 60,000 or 70,000 people, most of them crossed the ocean to the Philippines, Borneo and Malaysia, and became overseas Chinese, many of whom are Wuyi people.
According to experts who synthesized historical statistics, by the time of the Opium War, there were more than 1 million overseas Chinese in the whole of Southeast Asia, mainly people from Fujian and Chaoshan, among whom there were also a considerable number of Wuyi people.
After the Opium War in 1840, the first high tide of emigration was caused by the "hard labor trade". According to statistics, the number of "piglets" who were trafficked abroad reached as many as 2.05 million.
After the defeat of the Opium War, the Qing government ceded land and compensation, and opened five ports for trade, Hong Kong became a new center of the "drudge trade". 1860, Britain and France launched the second Opium War, forcing the Qing court to sign the "Treaty of Beijing", in the name of allowing free immigration, so that "drudge trade" was legalized. Trade" was legalized in the name of allowing free immigration. At this time, the Wuyi area was plagued by frequent natural disasters, heavy rents and taxes, and the people were forced to revolt, coupled with armed fights between landlords and merchants, and rampant banditry, many of the people had no choice but to leave their villages and go out to make a living, or were forced to "sell their piglets" to go abroad. In the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), Wuyi had a 100,000 people participated in the Jianghui Red Turbans Uprising, after the failure, many of the insurrectionists fled overseas. 1864, the Pingnan King of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Xinhui Huang Dezhi was defeated and led the rest of the troops to take dozens of ships, crossing the South China Sea to Darwin, Australia, and then lived in Melbourne, and its descendants have multiplied to tens of thousands of people so far. 1855--1867, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was founded in Taizhou, the capital of the People's Republic of China. -1867, in Taishan as the center of the soil, Hakkai armed struggle, lasted 12 years, only Chixi escapees amounted to more than 100,000 people, of which "selling piglets" to South America there are 20,000 to 30,000 people. 1848, the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries have discovered the gold mines, set off the "Gold Rush". "After 1848, the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries successively discovered gold mines, which triggered the "gold rush", followed by the construction of the Pacific Railway across the East and the West in the United States and Canada, the opening of the Panama Canal, and the development of Central and South America and Southeast Asia, all of which required a large number of laborers. In the Wuyi area, there was a great climax of emigration in the form of "indentured Chinese laborers", "single laborers", and other forms or free emigration. In 1854, only the Ningyang Association Hall, which was established in San Francisco, received 8,349 Taishan people. According to statistics, from 1840 to 1876, 150,000 to 170,000 overseas Chinese immigrated to the United States, of which 124,000 were from Wuyi; together with the Wuyi immigrants to Canada, Cuba, Peru, Australia and other countries in Southeast Asia, it is estimated that there were more than 200,000 immigrants. more than 200,000 people.
In 1882, the U.S. Congress passed the first bill banning the entry of Chinese into the U.S., and the Chinese Exclusion Movement spread from the U.S. to Canada, Mexico, the Philippines, and Australia, causing the number of people from Wuyi to go abroad to plummet, and outward migration to go to a low ebb. A few people still took the risk of being smuggled into the country, while others turned to Southeast Asia, where Chinese exclusion had not yet taken place. 1906 San Francisco earthquake in the United States destroyed all immigration data, and a large number of Wuyi people entered the United States in the name of "paper sons," but many immigrants suffered from imprisonment and interrogation on Angel Island. 1872 - 1875, Fragrant Hill
On October 10, 1911, Wuchang Uprising, led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the Xinhai Revolution, overthrew the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China, so that the majority of overseas Chinese saw the hope of returning to their home countries to do business. But the good times didn't last long, Yuan Shikai claimed the throne, warlords and warlords, and Japan pushed forward step by step, 。。。。。。 The Chinese people were still in deep water, causing many poor people to continue to go abroad to make a living. 1914-1918, the First World War, the lack of labor in Europe, and a number of Hong Kong seafarers and compatriots in Wuyi immigrated to the United Kingdom and European countries. 1927, Chiang Kai-shek implemented the "purification ****". After the "Qing***" and "Suppression of ****" in 1927, some members of the ****production party and other revolutionaries were forced to flee overseas and become overseas Chinese. These intermittent emigration activities did not stop completely until December 1941, after the outbreak of the Pacific War.
With the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in August 1945 and the end of the Second World War to the early days of the founding of New China, the people of Wuyi once again rose to the climax of emigration. The main reasons are: (1) the United States (1943), New Zealand (1944), Canada (1947), Australia (1965) successively repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act, especially in the United States, allowing Chinese retired servicemen and single Chinese to come to China to marry their wives and bring them to the United States, and permitting family reunions to go to the U.S., and so overseas Chinese families left the country one after another, so that the number of immigrants to the United States has increased dramatically; (2) the corruption of the regime of Chiang Kai-shek, who also started the civil war, captured soldiers everywhere. Chiang Kai-shek's corrupt regime, and started the civil war, everywhere to capture the soldiers, resulting in many immigrants out of the country, not only to the Americas increased, some also to Southeast Asia and European countries. Before and after the founding of New China, some KMT officers and soldiers and suspected **** the proletariat in power also have to go abroad, until 1952 to Hong Kong, Macao after the closure of the customs only to reduce.
After the founding of New China, due to the independence of Southeast Asian countries, followed by the implementation of policies restricting the entry of Chinese, coupled with the domestic policy at that time too much left, so that the Wuyi overseas Chinese legitimate exit decreased, and smuggling to Hong Kong and Macao increased, especially in the "Cultural Revolution" period. Some of these illegal immigrants went abroad from Hong Kong to become overseas Chinese.
In 1979, China's reform and opening-up policy, Wuyi region and the country as a whole, the implementation of the policy of overseas Chinese Affairs, so that the normal departure of the people increased, in addition to family reunion, inheritance of property, study abroad, business, technical migration has increased. It was found that by 1998, 380,000 people had left the country to settle in foreign countries, Hong Kong and Macao, with an average of more than 10,000 people each year.
Wuyi overseas Chinese who went abroad have gone through hardships and sacrifices and have made significant contributions to local construction.
Wuyi overseas Chinese, like their counterparts in other parts of the country, experienced a lot of trials and tribulations, the most tragic of which was the "selling of piglets" in the form of "indentured Chinese laborers" and "single laborers on credit" before and after the Opium War. The most tragic of these was the "selling of piglets" in the form of "indentured Chinese laborers" and "credit workers" before and after the Opium War. These people were mostly abducted or lured to Hong Kong and Macao "piggy bank", punched and kicked, forcing you to draw a pledge in the "deed of sale"; on board the ship and was stuffed into the unification cabin as a prisoner, and some of them were tortured to death on board the ship; after arriving at the shore, they were forced to engage in over-intensive physical labor and suffered from all kinds of maltreatment, and many of them were crippled, maimed and died. Many of them were crippled and died. Those survivors more lonely life, died in other places, a few sent skeletons back to their hometowns for burial. In recent years, Xinhui has discovered six "righteousness graves" of overseas Chinese, burying unclaimed skeletons, one of which has 387 (1888-1892). Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce also buried 313 in the New Territories (originally from the United States in 1935, Luo Province and Cuba, Vietnam, back to Hong Kong, because of the fall of their hometown in 1938, and then the Pacific War, so).
Overseas Chinese have made significant contributions in various countries is recognized worldwide:
In the United States. They mined gold, only California 1848-1883, gold production of 1.2 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for two-thirds of the country, for the United States to create a huge wealth. They participated in the construction of the Central Pacific Railroad, where tens of thousands of Chinese took on the most arduous sections and sacrificed more than a thousand men. Then they participated in the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Northern Pacific Road, and in 1964, on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the state of Nevada, the state government engraved a monument in both Chinese and English: "Chinese Pioneers, Great Achievements, Mining and Road Building, Historic Fame". They reclaimed 18 million acres of good land in California alone. Roads and improve the depression two for the United States to create a wealth of 289 million U.S. dollars. Therefore, Liang Qichao believed that the prosperity of California "is really a world made by the blood and sweat of our people". In addition, Wuyi people also transplanted Xinhui mandarin to the United States. Nowadays, the people of Riverside, which is a friendly city with Jiangmen City, still miss the work of the people of Ganbian (Taishan Shuibu).
In Canada, in addition to their important contribution to gold mining, their greatest contribution was to participate in the construction of the 3,800-kilometer-long Pacific Railway. on September 25, 1982, in the town of Yale, BC, the starting point of the Pacific Railway, erected a bronze monument, engraved in English, French and Chinese: "19th remembering the early 80's, contractors In the early 1980's, Andrew Woong Teck Tung, a contractor, recruited thousands of Chinese workers from China to assist the Canadian Pacific Railway Company in the construction of a railroad across the mountains of British Columbia, and along the section between the Pacific Ocean and Riley Lodge, three Chinese workers were employed for every four workers, and although their work was excellent, they were paid only one dollar a day, which was half of the salary paid to the white workers. And because the project was difficult and dangerous, there were many people who were crippled by diseases and accidents. After the completion of the railroad, the Chinese workers who settled in Canada became the cornerstone of the Chinese community in British Columbia today. Of the 10,000 Chinese workers who worked on the railroad (70% of whom were from Wuyi), more than 4,000 died.
In Panama, more than 20,000 Chinese workers, most of whom were from Wuyi, died in the construction of the Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad.
In Southeast Asia, overseas Chinese participated in the opening of tin mines, rubber planting, and the development of commercial ports, with remarkable achievements, among which there were also contributions from Wuyi people. In front of the former Raffles Museum in Singapore, an anonymous bronze statue commemorating the historical achievements of the old overseas Chinese was erected, with a golden inscription engraved on its base: "The Chinese have always been known for their perseverance and endurance, and today's prosperity of Singapore, Penang, Malacca and Malay belongs to the people of Singapore, Penang, Malacca and Malay belongs to the people of Malaya, which has been contributed by the ability of the Chinese people, and it is very rare". In the history of Chinese in Singapore and Malaysia, the famous successful people in Wuyi include Cao Yazhu, Chen Changyan and Zhao Yu, who are known as the "Three Chinese in Singapore and Malaysia", as well as Chinese Kapitan Yap Kuan Sheng and Nanyang tycoon Lu You.
Wuyi Chinese also made important contributions in Australia and other countries.
The contribution of the overseas Chinese to the local community is not only manifested in the early economic construction, unity, mutual assistance, self-improvement within the overseas Chinese, organization of associations, development of education, development of Chinatown, and survival and development in the face of adversity; but also in the goodwill of the people, and the friendly relationship with the local people, especially in the Second World War, support for the host country to counter fascist aggression and post-war support for the colonial countries to fight for national independence, which is particularly evident. In the Second World War, they supported the host countries in their fight against fascist aggression and the colonized countries in their struggle for national independence after the war.
On December 8, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, the Pacific War broke out, the United States had to declare war on Japan. Overseas Chinese in the U.S. firmly supported the U.S. government to fight back against the Japanese invaders, and more than 13,000 Chinese enlisted in the army, accounting for 17% of the total number of Chinese in America. There were 15,000 Chinese seamen serving on American and British ships. The 14th Service Unit of the Flying Tigers, organized by General Chennault, had 1,300 members, almost all of whom were of Wuyi Chinese descent. In Canada, more than 500 Chinese enlisted in the army; the national debt purchased by the Chinese amounted to 10 million Canadian dollars. In the Philippines, the Chinese set up the "48th (Overseas Chinese) Detachment of the Philippine People's Anti-Japanese Army" (referred to as the "Chinese Detachment"), of which more than 100 officers and soldiers of the Guangdong Brigade were all from Wuyi. The "Chinese Branch" fought for three years and suffered more than 110 casualties, of which 38 were Wuyi Chinese. In Malaysia and Singapore, the Chinese became the main force in the fight against the Japanese. Not only did they perform bravely in the defense of Singapore, but they also fought a long guerrilla war against the Japanese in Malaysia. In other countries, overseas Chinese also had outstanding performance in the war against fascism.
After the Second World War, Asian, African and Latin American countries have risen up to fight for national independence, which has become an irresistible tide of history. In this great struggle, overseas Chinese in the host country actively support the local people's struggle for independence, in all aspects of manpower, material and financial resources to give great support, especially in Southeast Asia, especially prominent. For example, many Chinese participated in the struggle against France and the United States after World War II in Vietnam, and many of them sacrificed their lives. In the reconstruction of these countries after independence, the Chinese have even played an important role. However, people's hearts are unpredictable, and there are many people who "cross the bridge" in the world. Whenever there is an economic crisis in a host country, the Chinese diaspora is often targeted to divert the attention of the people from their dissatisfaction with those in power. Starting from the United States in the 1880s, there were anti-Chinese movements in Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines and other countries. After the Second World War, there were also large-scale anti-Chinese incidents in Malaysia (1950), Indonesia (1960), Burma (1964), Cambodia (1975), Vietnam (1979), and other countries, especially Vietnam and Cambodia, where the Chinese died the most and suffered the most, and then emigrated to the U.S.A., Canada, France, and Australia as well as returned to China. These incidents of Chinese exclusion not only victimized the overseas Chinese and Chinese, but also the local people suffered losses. This made it necessary for the host countries to review the gains and losses after a number of years, and to bring back into play the role of the local overseas Chinese and Chinese people.
After the Second World War, especially after the founding of New China, due to the development of the international situation, the Chinese community will also undergo great changes, the most fundamental change is that the vast majority of overseas Chinese have already obtained the local nationality, the new immigrants who are temporarily holding Chinese passports, in a few years, will also be taken as the host country nationality, by the overseas Chinese into the Chinese. Ideology has also changed from going back to one's roots to being rooted on the ground. Economic conditions have also risen, the number of well-off families has increased, and a considerable number of people have developed into large consortia, entrepreneurs and even multinational company owners. Due to the increase in the level of education, the cultural quality and political awareness of the Chinese have also greatly improved, with the emergence of many professors, scholars, doctors, lawyers, engineers, and even a large number of well-known scientists and political activists, such as the Governor of the State of Washington in the U.S., Gary Locke (Taishan), the Governor General of Canada, Icey Ng (a female Taishan), and the former Prime Minister of Peru, Hui Huay (a native of Kaiping), and so on. According to the survey, among the 3,679,300 overseas Chinese, Chinese and compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao, there are 27,659 eminent persons, including 569 in politics,,, 25,253 in economy, and 1,837 in the fields of science and technology, culture, sports, and health, who have made outstanding contributions to the locality.
Patriotism and love for one's hometown are the honorable traditions of all overseas Chinese (for Chinese, it is love for one's ancestral country and love for one's hometown of origin), and the overseas Chinese in Wuyi are no exception. Firstly, they are politically concerned about the fate of the country, and secondly, they are economically supportive and especially enthusiastic about the construction projects in their hometowns. Throughout the course of patriotic action of overseas Chinese, *** there are three patriotic fervor: First, Sun Yat-sen's leadership of the Xinhai Revolution, the second is the Anti-Japanese War period, the third is the new China's reform and opening up to date.
Sun Yat-sen led the revolution to overthrow the Qing Dynasty feudalism system, the establishment of democracy **** and the state, the implementation of national, civil rights, people's livelihood, "Three People's Principles" and "United Russia, the United ****, help workers and peasants," the three major policies as the basic collar, he is the first great man of modern Chinese history, he is the first great man of modern China. He was the first great man in modern Chinese history. In order to carry out his ideas, he successively formed the "Xing Zhong Hui", the "Allied Association" and the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party), in which the overseas Chinese in Wuyi participated enthusiastically. For example, in 1894, the "Xing Zhong Hui" was founded in Honolulu, with more than 20 members at the beginning, and there were many overseas Chinese in Wuyi. Liu Xiang, an overseas Chinese of Taishan origin, was elected as the first president, and Deng Yinnan, an overseas Chinese of Kaiping origin, was the managing director. 1895 Dr. Sun Yat-sen and Chen Shaobai, a foreigner, set up the general organ of Xing Zhong Hui in Hong Kong. He also founded the China Daily. In order to overthrow the Qing Dynasty regime, Dr. Sun organized 10 armed uprisings, which relied on the support of overseas Chinese, and the overseas Chinese in Wuyi contributed a lot. For example, Li Jitang, a Hong Kong citizen in Xinhui, and Deng Yinnan, an overseas Chinese in Kaiping, almost lost all their money to support the revolution. In order to prepare for the 1911 Guangzhou Uprising, the Canadian Zhigong Church pledged three party buildings in Toronto, Vancouver and Victoria at the suggestion of the Kaiping overseas Chinese leader, Situ Meitang. Many overseas Chinese in Wuyi directly participated in and led the uprising, including Kaiping overseas Chinese Deng Yinnan and Xie Zhentai, who also participated in the command, and Taishan American overseas Chinese Ma Xiang, who acted as a guard for Dr. Sun Yat-sen, participated in several battles, and was born to die, putting his personal safety at risk. Among the 72 martyrs of Huanghuagang in Guangzhou, there were many overseas Chinese in Wuyi. After the Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China, the patriotic fervor of the overseas Chinese rose even higher. They strongly supported the revolutionary regime led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen both politically and economically, and actively participated in the crusade against Yuan Shikai and the traitor Chen Jiongming. As a result of their support for the revolution, some overseas Chinese were invited to return to China to participate in the construction of the regime. Some of the overseas Chinese in Wuyi who held important positions in the Provisional Government of the Republic of China include: Huang Sande, Mei Qiaolin, Huang Baidu, Li Yinan, Huang Yunsu, Zhu Zhuowen, Ma Chaojun, Ma Xiang, Huang Xiang, Huang Guangrui, Deng Yinnan, Xie Szechuantai, Chen Junping, Deng Zeru, Zhao Gongbi, Wu Tingfang, Chen Shaobai, and Li Yidinhong, among others.
During the Anti-Japanese War period, from the "September 18th Incident" in 1931, and especially during the "July 7th Incident" in 1937, the Chinese government took the lead in the "Lugou Bridge Incident", which led to the death of a number of Chinese soldiers and the death of a few others. Seven" Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937, after the start of the war, to August 9, 1945, Japan announced the unconditional surrender of the period, overseas Chinese patriotism reached its peak, whether the breadth and depth of mobilization, or manpower, material and financial support for the motherland, as well as the overseas Chinese themselves, the spirit of solidarity and sacrifice, are unprecedented. In the face of the most dangerous time of the Japanese fascist death of our China, all the overseas Chinese with "the rise and fall of the country, a man has the responsibility" sense of mission, to stand up to save the country. Its main performance are:
Organization of various national salvation groups. The majority of overseas Chinese were organized. In Singapore, Malaysia, the establishment of Chen Jiageng as the head of the "Nanyang Overseas Chinese Salvation Association". In Indonesia, Szeto Zan (Kaiping people) led the establishment of a similar group. In the United States, to the Wuyi people Szeto Meitang, Kwong Bing Shun, Ruan Ben Wan, etc., led by the National Salvation Group, its branch as many as 92. ......
Using newspapers, radio stations, and cultural performances, they carried out in-depth and long-lasting propaganda and mobilization to the majority of overseas Chinese and inspired the masses to rise up against the Japanese.
Donating money, goods, and subscribing to treasury bonds, they strongly supported the motherland's war against Japan economically. As early as 1931 "9.18" Incident and 1932 "1.28" Songhu Battle, overseas Chinese have donated to support the Northeast Volunteer Army and the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, to support General Cai Tingkai's leadership of the Nineteenth Route Army. After the Xi'an Incident in 1936, which forced Chiang Kai-shek to change his policy of "peace in the country first and then outside the country", and after the 7.7 Incident in 1937, our country entered into an all-out war of resistance, the overseas Chinese made donations, contributed goods and pledged support to the Northeast Volunteer Army and the Allied Anti-Japanese Army led by General Cai Tingkai. After the "7.7 Incident" in 1937, when China was engaged in a full-scale war of resistance, the enthusiasm of overseas Chinese in donating money and goods and subscribing to national bonds was even higher. Only from 1937 to August 1945, the donations of overseas Chinese in the United States amounted to more than 56 million dollars, more than 5 million dollars in Canada, and 69,156,115 dollars in the whole of America. American Zhigong Hall leader, Taishan native Ruan Benwan himself donated 305,000 U.S. dollars and raised 3,500,000 U.S. dollars, overseas Chinese leader, Taishan native Quang Beng Shun himself donated 100,000 U.S. dollars and raised 5 million U.S. dollars. New Zealand overseas Chinese anti-Japanese donations amounted to 3,209,020 pounds, Australia only in 1941, January - September, sent back donations amounted to 1,911,766.37 yuan. At that time, the National Government **** issued 6 issues of national rescue bonds, totaling 3 billion yuan, overseas Chinese subscribed, 1.11 billion yuan. Xinhui overseas Chinese in the U.S. subscribed to the National Salvation Bonds and Aviation Bonds amounting to $36.3 million. North Borneo Xinhui Chinese Zheng Chaojiong, from 1937-1942, while selling melon seeds, while mobilizing overseas Chinese donations, **** got 180,000 yuan, all to the "Southern Overseas Chinese Salvation General". 1940, he and his wife, Mrs. Zhong Caihe, will be the newborn baby boy sold to someone else, and got the money to sell the baby boy to someone else. In 1940, he discussed with his wife Zhong Caihe, sold the newborn baby boy to someone else, and got 80 yuan, all of which was donated to the motherland's war effort. In addition, the majority of overseas Chinese also donated goods (including airplanes, cars, medicines, medical equipment, clothing, food, etc.), only the first three years of the war, overseas Chinese in the Americas donated 2.5 million yuan. In the early days of the war, the New York Chinese donated 100 cars. In Indonesia, Szeto Zan and others donated 50 million Hong Kong dollars from July 1937 - December 1942 to buy supplies to send to Guiyang.
For the sake of fighting the Japanese, American Chinese also opened airplane factories to help their motherland produce warplanes to fight the Japanese. In order to prevent the U.S. from selling scrap iron and steel to Japan, the overseas Chinese carried out the "No Supply Campaign" to prevent ships carrying scrap iron and steel from loading and sailing to Japan.
In order to fight the Japanese, many young people returned to join the army, only Japan has 8,000 people, 160 people in Myanmar, many of them Wuyi sons and daughters, Taishan people Lin Ji Lu martyrs is one of the representative figures. The United States Wuyi overseas Chinese youth to participate in the Air Force is very large. Among them, there are nine Taishan pilots such as Huang Xinrui shot down 22 Japanese planes, and another 8 with the wingman to shoot down. In the late anti-Japanese war, General Chennault set up "Flying Tigers", its aviation ground staff, pilots, there are a lot of Wuyi American overseas Chinese young people. 1996 April, Nanjing Zijinshan Zhongshan Mausoleum established a monument to anti-Japanese aviation, engraved with the names of 881 anti-Japanese martyrs, of which there are 23 are Wuyi overseas Chinese sons and daughters, they They sacrificed their precious lives to fight against the Japanese and save the country. In addition, in order to break through the Japanese blockade and open up land transport routes between China and Myanmar, the "Southern Overseas Chinese General Association" organized more than 2,000 young overseas Chinese drivers to transport war materials, among whom there were also many young overseas Chinese in Wuyi.
The contribution of overseas Chinese in the construction of the motherland and the construction of the hometown is also very prominent, especially in the last century after the Xinhai Revolution and before the War of Resistance against Japan and the founding of New China, especially after the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, its contribution is the most enormous. The performance of the main three aspects:
First of all, overseas Chinese remittances, which is the main source of living for overseas Chinese families, but also the financial pillar of the economic construction of overseas Chinese hometowns, but also an important channel of the country's foreign exchange earnings. "Contract Chinese workers", "credit workers" after the sell period, through hard work, scrimping and saving, from the Qing Dynasty Tongzhi era (1861 - 1874) Taishan and other places on the From the Tongzhi era (1861-1874) of the Qing Dynasty, Taishan and other places had income from remittances. According to experts' statistics, during the 85 years from 1864 to 1949, the total amount of remittances from overseas Chinese amounted to 3.51 billion U.S. dollars, an average of 42 million U.S. dollars per year, of which Wuyi accounted for about 20%. Among them, Taishan had the most. In 1930, Taishan's remittance amounted to 30 million dollars, and in 1937, it reached 180 million dollars. After the founding of New China, the income from overseas Chinese remittances continued to flow, and its role was very prominent before the reform and opening up. After the implementation of reform and opening up, the country's trade in foreign exchange increased, the overseas Chinese families improved their livelihoods, the overseas Chinese remittance income and its role has declined.
The second is to return to their home countries and hometowns to invest in support of the construction of the country and the overseas Chinese hometowns, *** there are three climaxes, after the Xinhai Revolution to the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan before the outbreak of the twenty years, is the first climax. At that time, the overseas Chinese had accumulated some capital outside the country; the outbreak of the First World War in Europe made the old European imperialists have no time to care about the East, and gave the overseas Chinese an opportunity to return to Hong Kong, their hometowns and various parts of the motherland for investment. A number of overseas Chinese from Wuyi who returned to Hong Kong became very rich, such as Feng Ping Shan, Li Xishen, Lin Qiumou, Li Shipeng, Chen Ruiqi, Wu Shichang, Huang Runtang, Zhang Zifang, and Huang Kecheng, Lv Zhihe, etc. After they had achieved success in their business, they actively supported the construction of their hometowns and the country. During this period, many overseas Chinese returned to their hometowns to build houses, commercial ports, factories and highways. This made Wuyi a real overseas Chinese hometown. During this period, some overseas Chinese in Wuyi also invested in Guangzhou, Hainan Island, Guangxi, Shanghai and other places, of which Guangzhou Aigun Building is the largest one, which is still intact today. After the founding of New China, many overseas Chinese returned to China to participate in the construction work, but also a number of overseas Chinese came back to invest, but due to the limitations of the policy at that time, mainly through the Overseas Chinese Investment Corporation to deal with its smaller scale. After the implementation of reform and opening up, Hong Kong and Macao compatriots returned to their home countries and hometowns to invest in the most, sang the leading role; overseas Chinese, Chinese investment than before also had a great increase, and also introduced a number of foreign consortiums to come to invest in their roles are also unprecedented. 1979 - 1998, Jiangmen Wuyi **** there are foreign-funded enterprises ( "three-funded" enterprises and "three to one" enterprises) 15,322, the actual foreign capital of 4.030 billion U.S. dollars; of which "three-funded" enterprises 3,850, the actual utilization of foreign capital of 3.848 billion U.S. dollars. Utilization of foreign capital 3.848 billion U.S. dollars. And Hong Kong businessmen "three-funded" enterprises there are 3,050, the actual utilization of foreign capital of 2.803 billion U.S. dollars; Macao businessmen invested in "three-funded" enterprises 354, the actual utilization of foreign capital of 248 million U.S. dollars.
The third is to donate funds to public welfare undertakings. This is a good tradition of overseas Chinese and compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao, the hometown helped a lot, which is most prominent in the donation of education. Taishan from 1912-1945, overseas Chinese donated the construction of primary and secondary schools as many as 78. After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, donations to public welfare undertakings set off a new high tide, from 1979 - 1998, Wuyi Hong Kong and Macao compatriots and overseas Chinese donations totaled 4.223 billion Hong Kong dollars. They built 2,117 schools (2.78 million m2), 297 hospitals (680,000 m2), 324 homes for the elderly (145,800 m2), 177 theaters, libraries and cultural rooms (176,100 m2), 825 bridges, 3,549 kilometers of roads, and 778 water supply projects. The largest recipient of donations was Wuyi University with nearly HK$200 million. The compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao who donated the most funds were Lee Kwok Wai, Chan King Lun, Tam Siu, Ng Shun Tak, Wong Hak Ching, Wong Cho Tong and Wong Kau. Overseas Chinese who donated the most money were Lee Pan Shek, Lai Yiu Wah, Tse Man Kai, Ng Kui Teng and others.
Since overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao have made great contributions to the construction of their hometowns since the reform and opening up, in order to honor them, Jiangmen City **** awarded four batches of 417 people as honorary citizens of Jiangmen City.
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