What are TCT and human papillomavirus in cervical cancer screening in Jinan?

Liquid-based cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus DNA detection are both tests to exclude cervical lesions, especially cervical cancer.

First, what is cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in female reproductive system, and its morbidity and mortality are second only to breast cancer, and its high incidence age is 50-55 years old. However, in recent years, the incidence population has become younger and younger, especially the urban female population. It takes 10- 15 years for cervical cancer to develop from cervical intraepithelial cancer to carcinoma in situ, early cancer and invasive cancer. Therefore, early examination of TCT and human papillomavirus can find the disease in time, treat it as soon as possible and improve the treatment effect.

Second, what is TCT?

TCT is the most advanced cytological examination technology for cervical cancer in the world. Liquid-based thin-layer cytological examination system is used to detect cervical cells and make cytological classification diagnosis. Compared with the traditional cervical curettage and pap smear examination, it obviously improves the satisfaction of specimens and the detection rate of abnormal cervical cells. TCT showed that the detection rate of cervical cancer cells was 100%. At the same time, some precancerous lesions and microbial infections can be found. Such as mold, trichomonas, virus, chlamydia, etc. Therefore, TCT examination is the most advanced technology applied to the screening of cervical cancer in women.

The results of TCT report are mainly divided into the following seven categories:

1, no pathological cells or malignant cells were found in the epithelium: the cervical cells were normal and no special treatment was needed.

2. Atypical squamous cell with unknown meaning: It indicates that cervical cells may have lesions. If it is complicated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection, colposcopy cervical biopsy is needed for diagnosis. If there is no high-risk human papillomavirus infection, TCT can be reviewed after 3-6 months.

3. Atypical squamous cells do not rule out high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: it means that cervical cells have precancerous lesions or cancers, but the diagnosis of abnormal cells is not accurate, and colposcopy cervical biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis.

4. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: It is suggested that cervical cells may have low-grade precancerous lesions, which need further diagnosis by colposcopy cervical biopsy.

5. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: It means that cervical cells have suspicious high-grade precancerous lesions, which need to be diagnosed by colposcopy cervical biopsy.

6. Atypical glandular cells: It is suggested that there are some lesions in cervical canal cells, which need colposcopy and histopathological examination of cervical canal to make a definite diagnosis.

7. Squamous cell carcinoma: It means that cervical cells have become cancerous. If the tissue type can be defined, it is reported as keratinized squamous cell carcinoma and non-keratinized squamous cell carcinoma.

Third, what is human papillomavirus?

Medical research has found that human papillomavirus is the chief culprit leading to cervical lesions and cervical cancer. At present, more than 120 kinds of human papillomavirus have been found in the world, of which about 35 kinds are related to reproductive tract infections, and about 20 kinds are related to tumors. According to the level of risk, the subtypes of human papillomavirus that may cause cervical lesions and cervical cancer are called high-risk types, the most common ones are HPV 16 and 18, while those with low cancer risk are called low-risk types.

Gynecological examination of human papillomavirus has important guiding significance for the prevention of cervical cancer. Generally, women will do this gynecological examination after 30 years old. It is very common for young women to be infected with human papillomavirus, and most of them are transient infections, which will be eliminated by the autoimmune system and will not cause diseases. Therefore, there is no need to be nervous about the high-risk human papillomavirus positive. Only persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus will lead to cervical precancerous lesions or cervical cancer, which needs to be paid enough attention.

Four. abstract

Briefly summarize the relationship between these two tests. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is used to detect whether there is a high-risk virus infection that may cause cervical lesions and cervical cancer. TCT is to check whether there are abnormal changes in cervical cells under the action of pathogenic factors, that is to say, human papillomavirus is to check the cause, and TCT is to see the results. Therefore, only by combining these two results can doctors make an accurate diagnosis.

Because continuous infection of high-risk human papillomavirus is a necessary condition for cervical cancer, in order to find cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer as early as possible, we suggest that women who have had sex for more than 3 years and women over 30 years old should have high-risk human papillomavirus and TCT examinations every year. If the results are normal for two consecutive years, they can be examined every 2-3 years. Both HPV and TCT tests collect exfoliated cells on the cervical surface, so patients will not feel any pain when sampling, so there is no need to be too nervous and anxious about the test.

Cervical cancer is the only cancer with definite cause, which can be prevented and treated early and can be completely eradicated. Therefore, as long as scientific and reasonable screening and follow-up are carried out regularly, female friends can stay away from this most common gynecological malignant tumor.