Categorized by structural features
Divided into six categories according to structural features: van-type cars, tank cars, special dumping cars, barn-type cars, lifting cars, special structure of the car. Each structural features of the special vehicles include "special transportation vehicles" and "special operation vehicles".
In addition, there is a classification method, can be divided into van-type vehicles, tank cars, special dump trucks, warehouse cars, lifting cars, special structure of the car and other six categories of special vehicles, and according to the use of the vehicle features and corresponding to the "special transport vehicles" and "" special operation vehicles. The vehicle is also divided into "special transportation vehicles" and "special operation vehicles" according to the usage characteristics of the vehicle.
Van-type automobile refers to the special automobile which is equipped with special equipment and has independent closed structure compartment (which can be integrated with the cab).
Van-type special transportation vehicle means a van-type vehicle equipped with special equipment, with an independent closed structure compartment (can be integrated with the cab), used for the transportation of goods, specific people or specific items. Such as police cars, prison cars, disability transportation vehicles, horse carriers, etc..
Van-type special operation vehicle is equipped with an independent closed structure of the car (can be integrated with the cab), for the completion of specific operational tasks or special services of the van-type car. Such as television vehicles, epidemic prevention vehicles, laboratory vehicles, stage cars.
Tank car is equipped with tank containers for the transportation of solid, liquid or other media tank car. Divided into tank-type special transportation vehicles (such as: cryogenic liquid transportation vehicles, liquefied gas transportation vehicles, miscellaneous dangerous goods tank trucks, etc.) and tank-type special operations vehicles (such as: suction trucks, aircraft suction trucks, oil-well liquid treatment vehicles, etc.).
Specialized dump trucks refer to the specialized trucks equipped with hydraulic lifting mechanism, which can unload the carriages (tanks) or make the carriages (tanks) tilt at a certain angle, and the cargoes can be unloaded on their own by their own weight or horizontally pushed and squeezed to unload the materials. Divided into special self-unloading transportation vehicles (such as: sludge dump trucks, cotton trucks, bulk seed trucks) and special self-unloading vehicles.
Hangar type car is equipped with a special device, with the Canglong or fence structure of the special car. Divided into barn-type special transportation vehicles (such as: livestock and poultry trucks, bottled beverage trucks, beekeeping vehicles, barrels of garbage trucks) and barn-type special operations vehicles.
Hoisting and lifting car is equipped with lifting equipment or lifting platform (bucket) of the special car. Divided into lifting lifting special transportation vehicles (such as: lifting trucks, aviation food loading trucks) and lifting lifting special operations vehicles (such as: truck cranes, aerial work trucks, measurement and weighing trucks, etc.).
Special structure of the car is equipped with special devices, with a truss structure, flat structure and other special structures, for special transportation or special operations of the special car. Divided into special structure of special transportation vehicles (such as: container trucks, vehicle transporters, slag transport vehicles, etc.) and special structure of special operations vehicles (such as: drilling trucks, test derrick car, refueling desert car, etc.).
In addition to the above special-purpose vehicles, there are special trailers. Special trailer is a special automobile similar structure product terminology in the "car" word were changed to "semi-trailer, traction bar semi-trailer, semi-trailer with a center axle", the definition of the "car" don't to "semi-trailer, traction bar semi-trailer, center-axle semi-trailer", that is, the corresponding special trailer.
Categorized by use
With the development of the economy, the variety and number of special vehicles are increasing. There are more than 500 kinds of special-purpose vehicles in regular use, and in industrialized countries, the varieties of special-purpose vehicles can be more than a thousand. Special-purpose vehicles can be divided into two categories: general special-purpose vehicles and industrial and mining production vehicles.
1, general special-purpose vehicles: the highway freight cars modified for transportation and to complete a variety of different operations of the car. For the transportation of general special-purpose vehicle compartments have compartments, tanks, dumping, warehouse, grille and truss type, etc., can be transported in different nature, state and requirements of the goods, such as: liquid, gaseous and bulk powder or granular solids, etc.; livestock, poultry and fresh fish, etc.; animals; requirements of heat preservation, preservation of freshness, freezing and refrigeration of the goods; poisonous, flammable and explosive hazardous materials, etc.. In the car production in large countries, there is a transport 8 to 10 cars of the double-decker carriage of the special transport vehicles.
2, another general special-purpose vehicles are engaged in specialized operations: this car in order to achieve different purposes, in the chassis with the corresponding operational equipment, such as vending car, garbage trucks, sweepers, sprinklers, environmental protection monitoring vehicle, cement mixer, automobile cranes, power station fleet, repair trucks, exploration vehicles, oil fracturing trucks, scientific research vehicles, police cars, fire trucks, aircraft towing vehicles, Fuel trucks, charging trucks, air compressor trucks, ambulances, medical facility trucks, book trucks, TV relay trucks, stage trucks, trucks with cranes, postal and telecommunication trucks, and snow removal trucks.
3, industrial and mining production cars: these cars are specially designed and self-series, generally in the special roads or in a specific area.
Industrial and mining production with the following types of vehicles:
①for mining, water conservancy projects, construction of dump trucks, loading capacity of 20 to 300 tons, using 185 ~ 1200 kilowatts of high-speed diesel engine, hydro-mechanical transmission (in the past only for the loading capacity of less than 80 tons, has been used in the 70's for the 108-ton and 160-ton dump trucks) or electric drive (for more than 80 tons of dump trucks), the application of oil and mechanical drive. (for dump trucks over 80 tons), suspension with oil and gas, silicone oil or rubber as medium, frame with box-shaped longitudinal beams (welded by low-alloy high-strength steel plates), and dump carriages. The steering system is hydro-assisted. Large tonnage dump trucks are also equipped with emergency steering pump. The braking system is power operated with an emergency brake. In the large tonnage dump trucks are also equipped with hydraulic reducer. Most of these cars are rear-unloading type. Because of this car often work in harsh environments, the cab should be sealed, equipped with a protective plate, some of the air-conditioning equipment.
② for metallurgical plants to transport steel, iron ladle, hot ingots and steel with a special transport vehicles, loading capacity of 30 to 500 tons. This car speed is not high, the engine power does not need to be very large (150 ~ 275 kW), but requires a small turning radius, cab safety and heat insulation.
3 shipyard or transportation of large equipment with a flatbed truck, can be transported in sections of the welded hull, transformers, power generation equipment or chemical distillation towers and other large equipment. The top of this kind of car is a large flatbed, all the institutions and cab are under the flatbed.
Specialty vehicles how to buy
1, special vehicles are many types, varieties, small production batch, there is no uniform standard can be followed when purchasing reference, should be based on special vehicles engaged in the project, the working environment and the buyer's economic ability to buy.
2, special-purpose vehicles are usually in the second class of automobile chassis (i.e., no cargo box truck chassis) on the basis of the addition of the required top composition. There are also a small number of special vehicles in the passenger car on the basis of the internal transformation of the composition, such as ambulances, money carriers, etc.. Therefore, in the purchase of special-purpose vehicles, two types of car chassis become the focus of attention. Domestic heavy truck manufacturers almost all have their own chassis products, while the import of two types of automobile chassis for the Japanese Mitsubishi Fuso and Isuzu, there are some automobile conversion plant selection of Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, and other world-renowned trucks produced by the enterprise chassis. Relatively speaking, the imported chassis in the various performance is better than the domestic products, but the price is relatively high, with the overall level of China's automobile manufacturing industry, this gap is gradually reduced.
3, the buyer should consider whether the chassis is suitable for the working environment, steel beams and axle capacity to meet the needs of the reliability is stable. In addition, attention should also be paid to the firmness of the welding or connection between the top and the chassis.
4, a wide range of special-purpose vehicles, different uses, different forms, different technical parameters. In the selection, pay attention to the technical data of the special-purpose vehicle. For example, concrete pump trucks, pay attention to the maximum height of pumping; and truck cranes, pay attention to the lifting quality, legs and so on.
5, when purchasing a car, it is best to choose the products of large special-purpose vehicle manufacturers. These companies have stable products in the special vehicle market, stable technical service personnel can carry out on-site maintenance, there are more brands and types of chassis and upper matching, providing consumers with a greater choice of space. In addition, also pay attention to whether the manufacturer has the state allows the production of special-purpose vehicle announcements.