With China's accession to the WTO, China's economy has become part of the world economy, the logistics industry in the modern economy will occupy an increasingly important position, it will become an important industry of China's economic development and new economic growth point. Modern logistics industry as an advanced organization and management technology, is the enterprise in reducing material consumption, improve labor productivity, promote the economic growth of the enterprise "the third source of profit". Logistics industry in the international community has formed an independent industry, in industry, commerce, transportation, military logistics has been widely used and development. In recent years, with the further improvement of China's market economy, the logistics industry in China has been the rapid development of a new industry is gradually formed. However, due to the long-term closed business sector, China's logistics industry is still basically in its infancy, backward logistics infrastructure, logistics management and logistics service level is low, poor efficiency, high cost, many enterprises still know little about modern logistics ideas and technology. The construction of logistics parks is a new trend in the development of modern logistics industry. Logistics park is one or more logistics (distribution) center in the space of the centralized layout of the place, is with a certain scale and comprehensive service functions of the logistics assembly point. Logistics parks are professional parks that gather many logistics enterprises together, implement specialization and scale operation, and will play an important role in giving full play to the overall advantages of logistics enterprises, promoting the improvement of logistics technology and service level, *** enjoying related facilities, reducing operating costs and improving scale efficiency.3.1.2.2 Industry CharacteristicsLogisticsPlanning of logistics parks is a systematic project. The scope of logistics activities is vast, both urban, regional, national and transnational areas of activity; the logistics process is complex, subject to warehousing, transportation, distribution, packaging, loading and unloading, circulation processing, information processing, etc.; logistics involves a wide range of sectors, involving industry, agriculture, commerce, railroads, transportation, aviation, information, urban planning and other sectors. In this case, the need to collaborate with all parties to do a good job of logistics park planning, otherwise it will affect the logistics park to improve the efficiency and effectiveness. Logistics park is mainly for the circulation of goods to provide services, therefore, the construction of logistics parks need to start from the macro-economic point of view, the development of domestic and foreign markets and the circulation of goods and other conditions for serious investigation and analysis and forecast, according to the long-term and near-term circulation of goods, to determine the long-term and near-term construction scale of logistics parks. At the same time, the distribution and development status of logistics enterprises and transportation facilities should also be investigated. On the basis of fully grasping the first-hand materials, to improve the planning of the logistics park.3.1.2.3 Related industriesThere are a lot of related industries in the logistics park, among which there are mainly parties related to the circulation of goods, production enterprises, commercial enterprises and logistics enterprises, as well as infrastructure industry, transportation, information transfer control, logistics machinery and equipment, and the relevant functional departments of the government, such as industry and commerce, taxation, land management, Customs, environmental protection, etc. 3.1.2.4 Market situation of the industry Logistics parks, also known as logistics bases, logistics corps land or logistics centers, first appeared in Tokyo, Japan. According to incomplete statistics, there are less than one hundred logistics parks in the world now. Japan has built 20 logistics parks since 1965; the Netherlands has 14 logistics parks; South Korea in the "Fu each", "Yangshan" established two logistics parks; Taiwan recently established a large logistics park in Kaohsiung; Germany "Bremen" freight center covers an area of more than thousands of acres, in addition, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Canada, France, Mexico and so on have established logistics parks and freight distribution centers. China at the beginning of the new century, the establishment of a modern logistics industry is an important position, before this, there is no real logistics parks, modern logistics industry is still in its infancy. With the rapid development of China's economy, the efficiency of the circulation of goods and goods is more and more attention from all sides, the modern logistics industry will make a big difference. Whether it is logistics services.
First, China's circulation industry is at the beginning of the development of industrialization
China's reform and opening-up policy since the implementation of the scale of commodity circulation continues to expand, the total retail sales of consumer goods by an average of 15.3% per year. 1999 total retail sales of social commodities amounted to 31135.5 billion yuan, an increase of 17.3 times more than in 1979. The expansion of the scale of commodity circulation has led to the rapid development of the circulation industry itself and related industries, which has become the main body of the tertiary industry.
First of all, the degree of marketization has been greatly improved. The circulation pattern of multiple economic components, multiple modes of operation and multiple channels has been formed; commodity prices have been basically liberalized, and the fundamental role of the market in resource allocation and price formation has been obviously strengthened; the transparency, openness and fairness of market transactions have been continuously improved, and the competition in the market has become increasingly fierce.
Second, the degree of social organization has increased. First, the wave of chain management is on the rise, China from the early 1990s began to import this form of business organization, and then quickly evolved into the main form of modern business development. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 1999, China *** have more than 1,000 chain management organizations, more than 20,000 stores, annual sales of more than 100 billion yuan, has accounted for about 5% of the total retail sales of social commodities. At the same time, China's commodity wholesale market system has been initially formed, becoming an important commodity circulation channels. According to the rapid survey jointly conducted by the State Economic and Trade Commission and the National Bureau of Statistics in 1999, as of the end of June 1999, there were nearly 60,000 commodity trading markets (including wholesale and retail markets) in China, and the total turnover of the national commodity trading market in 1998 amounted to 2108.68 billion yuan, which was equivalent to 72.3% of the total retail sales of consumer goods in that year and 26.5% of the gross domestic product (GDP). There are about 9,000 wholesale commodity markets nationwide, accounting for about 80% of the turnover of commodity trading markets in the same period. The country has formed a number of large-scale, radiation function and driving role of the key backbone of the market. In addition, the circulation of the main body is to the group, the direction of the development of large-scale, competitive strength improved year by year. At present, China's various types of business groups emerged in large numbers, in addition to the traditional wholesale traders, Haier, Lenovo as the representative of a number of manufacturers also directly into the circulation field, to build their own marketing network and sales system, the implementation of industry and trade integration of business and has become an important circulation of the main body. Various types of market intermediary organizations gradually developed, brokerage firms, courier companies, customs services companies, accounting firms, auditing firms and other institutions continue to emerge, increasing the degree of specialization and organization of commodity circulation.
Thirdly, the pace of opening up of the circulation industry has been accelerated; in 1992, the Chinese government implemented a pilot program of opening up in the commercial field, and so far more than 300 foreign enterprises have entered the Chinese market in the form of joint ventures and other forms of cooperation. Wal-Mart, Metro, Carrefour and some other large multinational business groups have landed, supermarkets, convenience stores, specialty stores, warehousing and membership-based hypermarkets and other new business forms, formats and modes of operation have been adopted. The extensive entry of foreign-funded business marks China's commodity circulation industry has begun to integrate into the international market, foreign-funded enterprises not only brought advanced business philosophy and management techniques, promote the degree of organization and management level of the domestic circulation industry, but also brought fierce market competition, the life cycle of the various forms of business is obviously shortened, which makes China's circulation industry at the current stage of development with an obvious jump and rapid expansion.
Fourth, the modernization of circulation began to take off. Mainly commercial facilities to invest in the scale and construction of continuous development, a variety of commodity markets, distribution centers, logistics centers, processing, storage and transportation centers have been established, the role in the circulation began to appear, the construction of logistics systems are driving the traditional warehousing industry to modern logistics development. The adoption of new management technology and management tools, so that the circulation of automation and management of information technology level has increased. Electronic computers, bar codes, POS systems and other modern information processing means gradually adopted. Circulation industry from the traditional manual operation, counter sales, empirical management gradually shifted to the professional division of labor and scale of operation, the industry's capital and technical content have been improved. Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin and other places have embarked on the establishment of logistics bases, through planning and multi-channel investment to form a new industrial advantage.
Second, accelerate the industrialization of commodity circulation on China's economic growth targets of great significance
In the past 20 years, China's economic growth at an average annual rate of 9.7%, per capita national income from 250 U.S. dollars to nearly 800 U.S. dollars, there are 140 million laborers from the primary industry to the transfer of the secondary and tertiary industries, industrialization has stepped up to a new level. However, as the world's most populous developing country, we are still in the middle stage of industrialization, and the process of industrialization is far from complete. In order to promote our industrialization and the next step of economic growth goals, we must accelerate the process of circulation industrialization.
First of all, circulation industrialization is an important content and prerequisite for industrialization. From the world's developed countries have gone through the course of industrialization to a certain extent, have gone through a circulation modernization stage. For example, Japan launched three consecutive five-year plans for circulation modernization in the 1960s, with the intention of supporting and promoting the further development of industrialization, and South Korea followed suit in the 1970s and 1980s, and greatly enhanced the level of circulation industrialization, which made a positive contribution to enhancing the competitiveness of the domestic economy and realizing the export-oriented development strategy. From our country's situation, although there is still a big gap between the development level of industrialization and the developed countries in the world, in comparison, the level of circulation industrialization lags behind the upgrading and structural adjustment of manufacturing industry, which has become one of the main factors restricting the improvement of industrial competitiveness in China. In the circulation facilities, management tools, business organization is still basically the original set of business dispersion, backward management, high circulation costs, low efficiency, poor service level of the problem has not been fundamentally resolved. Logistics costs, for example, according to relevant statistics, the United States annual logistics costs of 800 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 11% of the gross national product, Germany's logistics costs accounted for about 10% of the GDP, China for 30%. This largely affects the competitive strength of China's manufacturing industry.
Secondly, from the point of view of China's current stage of economic development, the commodity circulation industry is the main body of the tertiary industry and an important driving force for development. In the post-industrialization period, the accelerated development of the tertiary industry has become the inevitable trend of the development and evolution of the industrial structure, and the circulation industry can lead the tertiary industry to take the lead in the development.
Three, circulation industrialization is a major initiative to cope with the challenges of economic globalization
In the coming period, economic globalization will present the following new features: Firstly, transnational corporations have broken through the constraints of anti-monopoly law, the global merger and acquisition of an ever-expanding scale, which will involve more fields. Secondly, the network economy will drive the continued expansion of the global services market, including telecommunications, banking, insurance and transportation, and has already formed an international financial transaction network that is interconnected in time and price. Thirdly, multilateral organizations such as the WTO, international policy coordination groups and regional economic organizations will play an increasingly important role in promoting the process of economic globalization through global and intraregional trade and investment liberalization arrangements. In the face of the new development trend of economic globalization, accelerating the development of China's circulation industrialization is of great urgency.
Firstly, the dominant position of traditional industries provides a broad development space for the development of circulation industry. From China's reality, traditional industries still have a broad market demand, is still an important pillar of China's comprehensive economic strength. For quite a period of time, rich and high quality labor resources is the biggest comparative advantage of China. In the whole international division of labor, China is gradually becoming a worldwide production base for many industrial products and a processing base for multinational corporations. China is among the ranks of the world's major production countries. How to adopt high and new technology to transform traditional industries and how to realize the transformation of a big industrial country into an economic power is the task we are facing. The largest market in the process of China's economic growth will still be the traditional industries, which objectively creates a broad space for the development of commodity circulation industry, but also puts forward the requirements for its industrialization. Constructing the global network of business flow and logistics, not only need the supporting infrastructure, but also need to update the management technology and management tools, so that the industrialization of the circulation is imperative.
Secondly, circulation industrialization is the key to improve the competitiveness of traditional industries. Circulation industrialization has two meanings, namely, lower circulation costs and higher value-added services, the core is to enhance the market competitiveness of products. From the situation of manufacturing industry, for a long time, China has been under the traditional system, the implementation of the separation of production and marketing, the separation of domestic and foreign trade management system, not only contrary to the development trend of the modern circulation industry, but also become a major flaw in the development of China's processing and manufacturing industries and inherent shortcomings. Under the condition of buyer's market, the restrictive effect of circulation on production is becoming more and more obvious. Our country in the field of distribution services with the international gap than in the production technology gap is much larger, just because of this area of the domestic market protection, so that the contradiction has not been fully exposed only.
Distribution services is actually another way of saying modern commodity distribution.
Distribution services not only provide goods, more importantly, is to provide services, services covering the whole process of circulation. In modern economic life distribution services have become one of the main sources of product value-added, its proportion shows a rising trend, and distribution services are also becoming more and more important means of industrial competition. At present, one of the important competitive strategies adopted by international multinational corporations is to expand market share and improve product competitiveness through the provision of various services in the sales process, which makes it difficult for customers to leave the supplier and at the same time, makes it difficult for new competitors to enter the field, it seems that, in the future industrial competition, distribution services in the field of commodity circulation is a vital link, who through the leading technology, the network business road Who through the leading technology, network business path to master the control of distribution channels, who will be able to win in the competition. After China's accession to the WTO, the contradictions and problems in this regard will be exposed more prominently, and the competition for services has become an important element of industrial competition, and value-added services are also an important source of profits for the industry. In the face of the new international division of labor and manufacturing global competition, to enhance the overall strength of China's economy, in addition to continue to introduce technology, improve management, but also in the circulation of industrialization efforts.
Third, and then from the field of trade services, China's traditional business in the beginning of modernization is facing the serious challenge of commercial globalization. At present, China's traditional business enterprises are still basically in a relatively closed, small market within the scope of business activities, small scale of operation, a single mode of operation, low degree of organization, the market's adaptability is poor, the circulation of facilities and technological means is relatively outdated, in particular, the organization of the production of weak service capacity, according to the modern standards of commodity circulation, overall is still in the traditional stage of the business. After China's accession to the WTO, both the traditional retail and wholesale services and the distribution service activities of the manufacturing industry have to face the competition of the international distribution industry. Even the domestic market has become a stage for international competition. In the same stage with multinational corporations, foreign enterprises, winners and losers only a *** with the same scale Circulation efficiency maximization, circulation cost minimization. In the face of such a market environment, China's circulation industry must accelerate its industrial modernization process, which is China's only choice in the face of the development trend of global economic integration.
Four, to establish the development of catching up strategic objectives
E-commerce for the realization of the circulation industry's leapfrog development to create opportunities and possibilities. First of all, e-commerce has changed the growth pattern of enterprises. In the traditional business model, the circulation efficiency and competitive advantage is mainly achieved by the scale of operation and management techniques, and behind the scale and technology is mainly dependent on the capital strength of the competition, e-commerce relies on the information economy, the network economy breaks the law of economic growth in the past, the core of which is to a large extent the realization of the replacement of bit to the atom, i.e., the transmission of digital alternative to a considerable portion of the traditional material Movement and information exchange methods, replacing people face to face must pay a lot of time and transaction costs of communication. E-commerce in the time savings and effective use of the traditional laws of economic growth and business operations change, the virtual enterprise to use less money can build their own network empire, the myth of economies of scale is broken, small and medium-sized enterprises can still compete with large enterprises on an equal footing.
Secondly, the distribution service industry has the first opportunity. From the characteristics of the commodity distribution industry itself, the service industry, small and medium-sized enterprises, mostly labor-intensive industries, in the overall business activities in the labor costs, service costs accounted for a significantly larger proportion than other industries. E-commerce makes a fundamental change in the way sales activities, enterprises do not have to construct a tangible commercial building to realize their sales, manufacturers are not necessarily through a series of intermediate links in order to sell products, which can greatly save the circulation of manpower and material resources. At the same time can also greatly improve the efficiency and quality of service, the use of new management tools and business practices than the traditional way of circulation is undoubtedly more competitive.
Because of the circulation of major technological changes, coupled with the continuous expansion of the field of e-commerce, so that the development of relatively backward countries in the circulation of industrialization in the process of step-by-step to follow behind others, to take the road they have traveled, and can choose a higher starting point, the use of new technology and business model to catch up with the developed countries to achieve the frog-leaping development. We have seen from the domestic e-commerce practice, the circulation industry is fully capable of, and may realize such development. In civil aviation ticketing and tourism services website system, China and the world's developed countries almost the same period of time, the level is basically close to the smooth start of e-commerce in these service areas, for the commodity circulation industry to choose a high starting point, leapfrog mode of development provides a reference, but also to illustrate that the realization of the catching up is entirely possible.
Finally, it needs to be emphasized that there are conditions for the realization of leapfrog development, and that while implementing catching up, it is necessary to step up remedial work to create conditions for the realization of catching up. Business globalization and the development of e-commerce, the modernization of China's commodity circulation industry is both a challenge and an opportunity to strive to use 5 to 10 years to accelerate the construction of market systems and the development of national information infrastructure, narrowing the gap between China to provide the institutional and technological environment for the circulation industry to use e-commerce in the external environment and basic conditions and the international level to improve the level of distribution services for the traditional business and market Provide system and technology environment.
China's bonded area of international logistics development strategy study
From May 1990, the State Council approved the establishment of the first bonded area to the present, China has built Shanghai Waigaoqiao, Tianjin Port, Shenzhen Futian, Shatoujiao and Yantian Port, Dalian, Guangzhou, Zhangjiagang, Haikou, Xiamen Xiangyu, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shantou, Zhuhai and other 15 bonded areas. Over the past ten years, the bonded warehousing, re-export trade, and commodity display functions of the 15 bonded zones across the country have developed to varying degrees, and have a certain scale of international logistics foundation.
By the end of 2001, 13,180 foreign-invested enterprises had registered in the bonded zones, with a total investment of more than 17 billion US dollars from more than 80 countries and regions in the world. The internationalization of capital has laid the foundation for the internationalization of logistics. In fact, after several years of exploration and practice, China's major free trade zones, international logistics has indeed been a significant development.
First, the beginning of a dynamic scale
Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone is China's largest and strongest bonded area, its GDI gross industrial output value, transportation, profits and taxes, and other economic indicators are greater than the sum of the other 14 domestic free trade zones. Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone has comprehensive advantages in terms of geographic location (port integration), policy environment, industrial scale, infrastructure, etc., and has made great efforts to expand its logistics distribution function in the form of establishing cargo distribution centers.
Japan's Canon, Panasonic, Minolta, JVC, the United States of America's General Electric, Polaroid, Xerox; Germany's Admiralty-M?ller, etc. have set up distribution centers here. At present, there are nearly 70 strong multinational companies into the Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, distribution and procurement activities for the domestic market is developing very rapidly, only in 2001, Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone logistics distribution amount has reached 60.1 billion yuan.
At present, Waigaoqiao has formed a combination of maritime and air transportation, bonded logistics and non-bonded logistics, out-of-area logistics and in-area logistics, self-owned logistics and outsourcing logistics logistics logistics industry. It is reported that the Waigaoqiao logistics base construction to take two wings to expand, comprehensively promote the strategy. North, relying on the Waigaoqiao port area, the development of maritime logistics as the main expansion of 1.2 square kilometers of the modern international logistics park, for the Chinese and foreign logistics enterprises to provide a container fast set and, transit, sorting, delivery of a full range of efficient service platform; South, the park's multinational high-tech products as the support of the export of high-tech products processing industry, relying on Pudong International Airport, the development of air logistics. Now, Waigaoqiao area has become an important shipping logistics hub in Shanghai. At present, there are 9 international liner trunk lines and more than 20 branch lines connecting with Waigaoqiao, and the world's top 20 shipping groups are stationed in the port area one after another, of which there are more than 600 logistics enterprises in the bonded area.
Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone is the only free trade zone located in the port area in China, which is closer to the international free port area and is extremely favorable to the formation of bonded warehouses and cargo distribution centers. Drawing on the development experience of free trade zones since 1994, Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone has determined the development positioning and target mode of "international logistics operation zone" and put forward the development policy of "international trade-oriented, logistics-based, warehousing and processing-based, and bonded means of production as the connection The development guideline of "international trade-oriented, logistics-based, warehousing and processing-based, bonded means of production as a connection.
In recent years, Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone has cultivated and developed a number of key enterprises such as Tianjin Port Commercial Bonded Warehouse (CBW), Huatielong Jintai, Tianbao International Logistics, etc., and attracted a number of world-renowned logistics enterprises such as Japan's Yuder, Okadani, Toyota, Panasonic, as well as the U.S. Hailu, Caterpillar, etc., to collaborate in logistics operations. Formed a modern logistics enterprise cluster with CBW, Huatielong Jintai, China Light Tengfa, Zhenhua, Tiyu, Okaya, Seth Ruitei and other domestic and foreign well-known logistics enterprises as the backbone.
In addition, Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone has successively established a comprehensive market for international commodities, and a number of specialized bonded production material markets for international automobiles, machinery, textile raw materials, building materials, etc. Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone has become a distribution and delivery base for automobiles, agricultural films, lubricating oils, edible oils, wool, electronic products, and modern home furnishings and other products. The international logistics industry of Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone has been growing steadily and rapidly becoming the most dynamic international trade logistics zone in the north.
Guangzhou Free Trade Zone is located in the center of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong, and Guangzhou, as the economic center and transportation hub center of South China, is the most active area of foreign investment, and one of the most densely populated areas in the world for foreign-funded processing and manufacturing industries.
So far, Guangzhou Free Trade Zone has planned a 2 square kilometers range, divided into two areas: one area is the computer industry city, specializing in the import and export of computer products to provide services, the province and city designated as a key construction project; the other area is the logistics and trade zone, the range of about 1 cubic kilometers, with warehousing, transportation, customs clearance, terminals, agents, which special special freezing, constant temperature warehouses 340,000 square meters; a wharf with an annual throughput of 1 million tons; a number of Chinese and foreign logistics enterprises with comprehensive modern logistics management and service capabilities. It has a number of Chinese and foreign logistics enterprises with comprehensive modern logistics management and service capabilities, including the distribution center for imported automobiles and spare parts, the distribution center for imported paper in South China, the logistics center for materials and products of processing trade enterprises in the Pearl River Delta, the distribution center for chemical materials, the logistics center for international air cargo, the distribution center for steel and non-ferrous metals, the logistics center for special materials used for the processing of gold and silver jewelry, and the international freight forwarding agent, etc.; and it is endeavoring to make the bonded area an international logistics center in South China, and an important part of the logistics system of Guangzhou and Guangdong Province. Guangdong Province, an important part of the logistics system.
From the above practice of the Free Trade Zone, it can be seen that the unified and efficient system advantages and management advantages have promoted the rapid development of the international logistics industry, and the external infrastructure conditions required for the development of the logistics industry in the Free Trade Zone have basically been formed, and the international logistics service network has initially had a better market foundation. The development of the logistics industry in the bonded area is moving from the initial stage to a new stage of function enhancement and accelerated development.
Second, the coordinated development of internal and external training
At the same time, we should also see the free trade zone in the development of logistics industry in the process of the problems that hinder the further development of international logistics in the bonded area, affecting the international logistics function in China's bonded area of the full play.
From the point of view of the bonded area, there are internal problems:
First, the logistics business demand is small, has not yet reached the requirements of scale efficiency. The development prospects of the logistics industry in the bonded area fundamentally depends on the current situation and future of the logistics enterprises in the bonded area, and the key to the survival and development of the logistics enterprises in the bonded area is to form a flow of goods with economies of scale. Due to the influence of various factors, the current flow of goods in each bonded area has not yet reached the requirements of scale efficiency, and the business volume of the existing major logistics enterprises in the bonded area is still not full. This situation exists to a large extent is not because of industrial and commercial enterprises, multinational corporations themselves lack of demand for free trade zone logistics, but due to the professional level of free trade zone logistics enterprises, the ability to provide, the quality of the operation and its competitiveness does not yet have a clear advantage. One of the largest U.S. logistics and warehousing enterprises, Witte Group Chairman Li Xuehai once bluntly said: "The reason why foreigners have not entered the Chinese logistics market on a large scale, mainly because the development of China's logistics industry is still relatively imperfect. People still do not understand what is logistics, how the logistics is valuable, China's logistics enterprises also exist in the business project confusion, professionalism is not strong weaknesses, while China's logistics system is more lack of a credit guarantee mechanism."
Secondly, the level of logistics services needs to be further improved. At present, although the Free Trade Zone Administrative Committee and its affiliated organizations have done a lot of work in providing services for enterprises in the zone, on the whole, there are still certain problems in logistics-related services that need to be further improved. The lag in the construction of the logistics service system in the bonded area will, to a large extent, restrict the development of the international logistics industry in China's bonded area.
Third, the logistics network inside and outside the bonded zone lacks effective connection. In the process of attracting new logistics enterprises to enter the free trade zone, most of the free trade zones do not pay attention to make the logistics network in the free trade zone and the logistics network outside the zone as well as the logistics network in the hinterland to dock with each other well and establish a close collaboration relationship.
Fourthly, the facilities in the bonded zones are still not able to meet the needs of international logistics development, for example, the integrated logistics system with a perfect logistics information platform required by the modern logistics industry has not been well formed.
At the same time, from the outside of the bonded area, there are also some constraints:
First, due to the understanding of the relevant departments of the bonded area and the policy provisions of the understanding of the bonded area is not entirely consistent, the policy advantages of the bonded area has not been fully implemented, which is bound to affect the development of the logistics industry in the bonded area.
Secondly, the operation of logistics involves a number of industrial sectors such as transportation, post and telecommunications, commercial goods and foreign trade, etc. The operation of bonded logistics also involves the customs and foreign exchange management, due to the lagging behind in the reform of the management system, the situation of sectoral division, compartmentalization, and the lack of separation of the government from the enterprises still exists, and the management system adapted to the development of the logistics industry has not yet been established, and the development of the logistics industry has been constrained.
Third, the customs supervision system is lagging behind.
First of all, the customs management of the legal system is not sound. Some outdated laws and regulations have not been abolished in a timely manner; some of the laws and regulations being implemented are not transparent enough.
Secondly, the efficiency of customs clearance is not high. The general trade of imported goods, customs clearance, the current practice is to tax before release, declaration, inspection, taxation and other procedures are completed at the port site, a large number of goods import and export impact on the port through the formation of the "port bottleneck".
Again, the customs clearance procedures are complicated, the customs function management is unclear, affecting the efficiency of work.
Fourth, the bonded area and the port is not integrated linkage. Most of the import and export goods in China's free trade zones need to be imported and exported through ports, and the development of international logistics functions in free trade zones is obviously inseparable from the support and collaboration of ports. But at present, due to the bonded area and the port are two independent departments, although at present between the two to some extent to maintain a better cooperation and collaboration, but the comprehensive benefit is still not as high as the efficiency of integration.
Third, the further development of strategic measures
1. Construction and improvement of international logistics highway with multimodal transport system as the core
International multimodal transport system refers to the flexible use of various forms of transport in international transport, safety, punctuality, large quantities of high-speed, comfortable and other characteristics of the integrated organization into the most effective and most suitable for the transport needs of the integrated logistics Transportation system, that is, a carrier is responsible for a variety of modes of transportation integrated and integrated, with the best service, the fastest speed, the most competitive prices to achieve "door to door" transportation.
This comprehensive mode of transportation can not only more effectively expand the transportation capacity, but also promote the overall economic efficiency of transportation. The development of international multimodal transport is not only the development direction of the transportation industry itself, but also the highway of international logistics. The bonded area has the conditions to build an international logistics multimodal transportation system, which is the important support for the development of international logistics in the bonded area. Therefore, it is necessary to actively build the infrastructure for international logistics business operations and form a convenient transportation network.
For example, Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone can establish a multimodal transportation system based on sea-land and sea-railway with Tianjin Port as the leading port, and actively promote and improve the operation of the airport logistics zone, so as to realize the sea-land-air multimodal transportation system. Shenzhen Free Trade Zone can develop an intermodal transportation system with ocean-going international transportation as the leader and sea-railway intermodal transportation as the main mode by virtue of rich coastal port resources, driving the development of other modes of transportation, especially making full use of the transportation capacity of Beijing-Kowloon and Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and the relatively developed highway network of the Guangdong area, docking on sea and land, and constructing small land-bridge corridors, so that the total amount of transit freight can be raised while driving the development of inland economy. The bonded zone should be connected with the overall development of the region, and the construction of large ports connected with the matching, to create "nine through a flat one around" supporting conditions, to build an internationally advanced level of power supply, water supply and drainage, sewage treatment, communications, heating, refrigeration system for multimodal transport enterprises into the area to create a good international business environment.
2. Establishment of International Logistics Information Transaction System
With the advancement of the trend of international logistics informatization, the Free Trade Zone should accelerate the establishment of international logistics information transaction system to ensure round-the-clock communication with the international Internet in order to meet the needs of international logistics operation. Specifically, the international logistics information transaction system of the bonded zone should include:
(1) international logistics information of the bonded zone, i.e., the types, prices, quantities, performance, and expected time of entering and exiting the zone of commodities; and the sources or directions of entering and exiting the zone of commodities.
(2) the bonded zone international logistics commodity display information, that is, in and out of the zone to display the types of commodities, prices, quality, quantity; import and export of display commodities supplier information and the availability of commodities; in and out of the zone commodities to display space utilization information.
(3) bonded area international logistics shortage of commodity transfer market information, that is, import and export of short-term shortage of commodity transfer market information; import and export of medium- and long-term stock of commodity disposal information.
(4) international logistics processing information in the bonded area, including information on processing enterprises in the area, and information on processing commodities out of the area.
(5) international logistics warehousing information in the bonded area, that is, in and out of the area of commodity warehousing conditions and facilities information; in and out of the area of commodity warehousing facilities occupancy information (warehouses, yards, shelves and expected turnaround time); in and out of the area of commodity warehousing space available information (warehouses, yards, shelves and expected turnaround time).
(6) international logistics financial system in the bonded area, that is, the international logistics settlement system (network bank); capital market (short-term capital borrowing); capital market (medium- and long-term capital credit); foreign exchange market (transfer of foreign exchange balance); insurance market.
China's free trade zone international logistics development strategy research From: free thesis network