What is the earliest era in medicine when there was equipment medical to detect fetal malformations?

Hello! First of all, I wish you a speedy recovery! I would like to talk to you about "chicken breast". The chicken chest is a wedge-shaped bulge in the anterior wall of the chest, resembling the breastbone of an avian, hence the name. Funnel chest is one of the common thoracic developmental deformities in children, is a kind of depression deformity of the anterior chest wall, like a funnel. It is a kind of depression deformity of the chest wall, which is like a funnel. It is mainly manifested in the fact that the sternum in the middle part of the chest of a child drives the ribs connecting around it to collapse inward into a funnel shape, which causes the organs in the chest cavity to be compressed and even displaced, and leads to the serious influence of cardiopulmonary development and function of the child.1) Causes for the two kinds of deformities include:1. Congenital developmental abnormality - in the period of fetus or infants and toddlers, the developmental imbalance of the sternum and the spine bone and ribs causes the deformities of the thorax. 2. Malnutrition - after birth, infants and young children do not get enough nutrition, suffering from certain malnutritional diseases, such as pediatric rickets, which can affect the development of the sternum and other development over time, resulting in thoracic deformities.3. Diseases secondary to the thoracic cavity - such as certain congenital heart disease, the enlarged heart oppresses the chest wall, resulting in the formation of chicken chest deformity. Flat chest deformity caused by chronic pyothorax, etc. 2) The harm of these two deformities generally mild thoracic deformity has little effect on the physiological function of the human body, and preventive measures should be taken to prevent its further development. If the thoracic deformity is more serious, especially the funnel chest, the organs in the chest cavity, heart and lungs are compressed to different degrees, and even cause the heart to shift, the lung ventilation function is also affected, such as further development, but also prone to respiratory infections and other serious diseases.3) Diagnosis and treatment of these two deformities: 1. Through the thoracic diagnosis of the funnel chest and the chicken chest that is, make a diagnosis, in order to determine the existence of surgical indications for the treatment should also be carried out. In order to determine the indications for surgical treatment, necessary chest X-ray examination and cardio-cerebral function measurement should also be carried out. Cases of funnel chest and chicken chest combined with serious cardiorespiratory dysfunction are not rare, and the deformity is not serious in young children, and can be corrected with age and physical development. Such cases do not need special treatment, and can be observed until after the age of 3 - 5 years, and pay attention to the prevention and treatment of the primary disease rickets.2. For serious deformities, especially the funnel chest and serious cardiopulmonary dysfunction of the child, surgical treatment should be given. This kind of surgery should be diagnosed and treated by experienced doctors in specialized hospitals.4) Treatment of funnel chest Traditional treatment: foreign surgery to correct funnel chest began in the 1970s, and this kind of surgery was also carried out in the 1980s in China. Surgery for young children at an early age gradually matured in the 1990s. In the past, the conventional method of treating funnel chest was to make a longitudinal and transverse incision of about 10 centimeters in the anterior chest, remove the deformed ribs and then fix them with steel pins. Surgery is traumatic, bleeding, and because the integrity of the child's thorax is destroyed, lung function is severely affected in a short period of time, which can lead to bronchial obstruction and pulmonary atelectasis resulting in severe hypoxia. In addition, after the surgery, the corrected thorax is not fixed before the growth of bone growth can be affected by voluntary respiratory movements, resulting in failure of the surgery. The perioperative management of this type of surgery is difficult, and the surgical risk is high with many complications. The traditional treatment method at home and abroad mostly adopts the steel pin sternal elevation surgery, which has unsatisfactory results. At present, the practiced and improved surgery adopts double steel plate sternal elevation method, and the level of surgery is obviously improved with good effect. In fact, the effect of surgery also depends on the level of medical equipment, such as ventilators, monitors, lung function monitoring means. With the continuous development of medical technology, advanced medical equipment and personnel training level, the complications of this type of surgery has been significantly reduced, but the operation of children in the lower age group is still a certain risk, there will be some complications. 5) The current treatment method is the most advanced thoracoscopy-assisted funnel chest correction - the method is to cut a small incision of 2 cm in the mid-axillary line under the chest on one side of the child, and use the thoracoscope to peel off and guide the thoracic cavity, and then a homemade corrective equipment to the opposite side of the penetration of the opening and then turned, so as to achieve the purpose of correction. The surgical incision is about 15-20 centimeters long, and it is necessary to cut off the diseased rib cartilage and do sternal osteotomy, which results in big surgical injury, much bleeding, obvious pain and slow recovery. No matter what kind of surgery due to cut off the ribs, destroying the integrity of the thorax, lung infection, pulmonary atelectasis resulting in hypoxia caused by brain damage surgical risk still exists.6) The new technique of treating the funnel chest without opening the chest now there are doctors using the technique of treating the funnel chest without opening the chest: only in the child's anterior chest wall to cut two 2-cm small openings to the patient's chest according to the plate shaping pads in the patient's sternum after the turn over the two ends of the plate supported on the patient's rib cage on both sides, the patient's chest is then turned to the chest, the patient's chest is then turned to the chest. The two ends of the plate are supported on the patient's ribs on both sides to correct the child's funnel chest deformity. It is a new technique without opening the chest, with small injury, less bleeding, and the steel plate can be shaped according to the degree of deformity of the patient's thorax, which is more adaptable to individual differences and makes the operation more effective. After the operation, the patient can leave the bed on the second day with little pain, and the hospitalization time is short, and the hospitalization cost is low, which is a good method for the treatment of funnel chest in modern times.7) The age of surgery adaptationFunnel chest belongs to the congenital malformation of skeleton development, which is not caused by the lack of calcium and malnutrition as often thought by the people, and the cause of the disease is still not very clear at the present time. In the 1970s, the age of the youngest patient who underwent this kind of surgery abroad was about 4--5 years old. Currently, the optimal age for surgery depends on the conditions of the hospital and the level of the surgeon. Experts believe that, according to the characteristics of children's bones, the best time to correct funnel chest is at the age of 2-4 years, and the operation at a younger age may not affect the development of children. At present, 1--3 years old children do this kind of surgery, most of the effect is very good.8) non-surgical treatment of chicken chest method 1.two feet and shoulder width stand, body relaxation, close your eyes, both arms gently forward to the top of the head, at the same time, inhale, stop for a while, the two arms naturally fall, accompanied by a deep exhalation, a number of times a day, each time 10 minutes. 2.push-ups or holding a push-up or holding a push-up or holding a push-up or holding a push-up or holding a push-up, each time 10 minutes. 2. Push-ups or holding dumbbells to do two-armed front raise exercise 3 - 4 times a day, 10 minutes each time. 3. Single and double bar on the head of turning tendons, daily early in the morning on an empty stomach, but not too strenuous. 4. Jogging helps to enhance the activity of internal organs, expand the respiratory capacity, and improve the thoracic dysplasia. 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