--On the Development of Chinese Medicine
China, a big country with a history of more than five thousand years. And Chinese medicine has received the baptism of the long river of history, becoming more and more rich and wonderful.
Primitive human beings began to gradually familiarize themselves with the nutritional, toxic and therapeutic effects of plants in the long process of relying on plants for their livelihood. In ancient China, the book of medicines was called "Ben Cao", and in English, medicines were called "druz" (i.e., dried grasses and trees), which indicates that medicines originated from plants. It is thought that the first recognized medicines were analgesics (Solanaceae) and plants that stimulate the digestive system.
Due to the advancement of the tools of production and the invention of the bow and arrow, man began hunting and animal husbandry. Thus the emergence of rudimentary relief methods for injuries, such as the treatment of wounds, fractures and dislocations; at the same time, mankind began to recognize the nutritional value of animals, and animal medicines appeared along with it; the economy of animal husbandry in turn led to the shepherds to observe the effects of plants on animals, thus contributing to the understanding of plant medicines. For example, according to Greek historians, shepherds had discovered quinoa.
The origin of medicinal knowledge was therefore the accumulation of mankind's collective experience, generated in the struggle against disease.
With the development and consolidation of slave societies, the religious overtones in medicine increased. China's "Classic of Mountains and Seas" records that "Wu Peng", "Wu Dai", "Wu Yang" and so on were divine doctors. In the slave society, "professional doctors" began to exist. One of the outstanding cultural achievements of the slave society was the invention of writing. With writing, the ancient slave states left a large number of medical documents.
One of the earliest medical works recorded in history is the Neijing, which was written by Emperor Huangdi and is therefore also known as the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine. It is a classical medical work that includes rich medical theories and clinical practice experience, reflects the achievements of China's ancient medical development, and occupies an important position in China's medical history and the history of world medicine. The Neijing laid a broad foundation for the academic and theoretical system of the motherland's medicine and played an important role in promoting the development of medicine in later generations, and to this day, it remains a must-read in Chinese medicine.
Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Miscellaneous Diseases of Typhoid. It describes 397 treatments and contains 113 prescriptions, totaling more than 50,000 words, but there is no trace of the section on miscellaneous diseases in the Treatise on Miscellaneous Diseases of Typhoid Fever. Wang Shuhe's credit, in the words of Xu Dachun, a famous doctor in the Qing Dynasty, is "If not for Shuhe, how could there be this book". Among other things, this book includes "The Method of Pulse", "The Method of Pulse Defense", and many others. And in this work, Zhang Zhongjing created three world firsts: the first record of artificial respiration, drug enema and biliary roundworm treatment. The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases is a classic work that must be studied by later generations of medical practitioners, and has been highly respected and praised by medical practitioners throughout the ages. It is still one of the main basic courses offered by Chinese medical schools in China, and remains a source of Chinese medicine learning. During the SARS outbreak, the book and Zhang Zhongjing once again became the center of attention. This is unthinkable in Western medicine, because, it is unlikely that any 19th-century anatomical work could be used as a textbook today, and it is unlikely that Western medical treatments nowadays would find their basis in an ancestor from hundreds of years ago.
And then there is Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica. ***With 52 volumes containing 1,892 kinds of medicines, including 374 kinds containing new medicines, 11,096 medical prescriptions collected, and 1,111 beautiful illustrations drawn in the book, it is a precious legacy in the treasure trove of China's medicine. It is a systematic summary of Chinese medicine before the 16th century, known as the "Oriental medicine canon", and has the greatest influence on modern human science.
Then again, Shennong, Bianqi and Hua Tuo are also famous figures in the history of medicine.
Among them, Shennong was the legendary inventor of agriculture and medicine. His most famous event is "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs". In order to commemorate his achievements for the benefit of the earth, the people named this vast sea of forest "Shennongjia". The Shennong ascension back to life village, renamed "Liuxiang Zhai".
Bian Magpie is the originator of traditional Chinese medicine. On the basis of summarizing the medical experience of his predecessors, he created and summarized the method of diagnosing diseases by looking, smelling, questioning and cutting. Among the four diagnostic methods, Bian Magpie was especially good at looking and cutting. At that time, Bian Magpie's pulse-cutting technique was so skillful that it became famous all over the world.
Hua Tuo's medical skills were so excellent that he pioneered the use of general anesthesia to perform surgical operations, and was honored as the "originator of surgery" by later generations. He was not only a master of prescription medicine, but also admired his mastery of acupuncture and moxibustion. Hua Tuo pioneered general anesthesia in abdominal surgery by using wine to administer "Ma Bo San". He also made important contributions to medical sports, creating the famous Five-Animal Play, and he was also good at applying psychotherapy to treat illnesses.
The history of Chinese medicine has a lot of famous names and books. For the development of world medicine has left a valuable treasure.
Time as in modern times, China's first Chinese and Western medicine. To human medicine, especially the development of traditional medicine of various countries and nationalities has brought profound inspiration and far-reaching impact.
According to the assertion that "science and technology are the first productive forces", academics are the basis for career development, so the 90's development of the "Chinese and Western medicine" health policy, which is fundamental to the two medical theory systems of Chinese medicine and Western medicine should be given equal weight. Western medicine should not be emphasized over Chinese medicine, and even more so, Western medicine should not be used as a substitute for Chinese medicine. In terms of the relationship between science and technology, science is the theoretical basis of technology, technology is the practical application of science, so, "Chinese and Western medicine", the core of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, their respective scientific, theoretical part must be equal weight, neither technology instead of science, not to mention science, theory, in West Africa in the West. Therefore, in the East and West cultural and scientific pluralism **** exist today, scientific understanding of the "Chinese and Western medicine" strategic approach, is also a political issue.
In the face of the 21st century, must make the whole country clearly understand: Chinese medicine is in a once-in-a-lifetime comprehensive revitalization of the eve, this is the development of human science on the Chinese nation's excellent traditional culture of historic patronage, must seize the opportunity, not to wander, waste.
First, in the 20th century, the rapid development of Western medicine, at the same time, more and more exposed Western medicine can not overcome their own concepts, theories, limitations; Western medicine, the toxic side effects of synthetic drugs and the lack of specific treatment of more than 2/3 of the internal medicine of the reality of the disease, forcing the Western medicine had to "return to nature," hoping to find complementary and traditional medicine. Traditional medicine to seek complementary and self-help. In the field of traditional medicine in the world, only Chinese medicine has formed a relatively complete theoretical system. The traditional medicine of other countries is still at a crude and embryonic level in terms of theory, and in fact, it is only empirical traditional treatment methods and techniques. Nowadays, Western medicine seeks to complement traditional medicine, and its vision has been focused on Chinese medicine, so "Chinese and Western medicine" is likely to develop into a major trend of human medicine in the 21st century, and in this sense, "Chinese medicine should go to the world in a dignified manner", that is, "Chinese medicine should go to the world in a dignified manner". In this sense, "Chinese medicine should go to the world in a dignified manner", that is, to spread the authentic and original Chinese medicine that is not available in foreign countries to all countries in the world. Although this process needs to be carried out in a planned and step-by-step manner, it is by no means the westernization of Chinese medicine before sending it abroad.
Two: China is the home of Chinese medicine and the world's only major producer of Chinese herbal medicines. While meeting domestic demand and gradually going global, then Chinese medicine is likely to develop into China's largest knowledge-based economic industry. For example, the world spends a total of about 2. 5 trillion dollars a year on health care, of which our large country of 1.2 billion people accounts for only about 1.6%. If Chinese medicine is revitalized and gradually goes global, then it is not impossible for us to obtain a 10% share of the world's total investment in health care through careful organization and scientific management of medical dissemination, export of medicines, and medical services. If we can do so, we will get back $250 billion in foreign exchange every year. At that time, Chinese medicine will naturally become our unique, sustainable development and utilization of a huge economic growth point, and benefit all mankind. For Chinese medicine practitioners, this is our big politics. Therefore, Chinese medicine not only can not be "westernized" and "can not be lost", but also must be revitalized and developed.
In the 21st century, the research on the integration of Chinese and Western medicines will continue to develop along the direction and goal of "promoting the integration of Chinese and Western medicines" as pointed out by the Decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the Reform and Development of Health Care in 1996.
(I) in China has formed the understanding of the combination of Chinese and Western medicine, will certainly deepen the development. Practice will further prove the necessity, inevitability, superiority, regularity and innovativeness of the combination of Chinese and Western medicines, and demonstrate that the combination of Chinese and Western medicines is an important direction of medical development.
(2) More and more domestic and foreign scientists, medical scientists, pharmacists, and even pharmaceutical companies will be invested in the research on the integration of Chinese and Western medicines, so that the research on the integration of Chinese and Western medicines will develop in the direction of multidisciplinary, multilevel, high-level, and comprehensive research, thus absorbing the components of multidisciplinary knowledge, refining a new understanding of medicine, forming a new category of medicine, generating new medical achievements and medical technologies, and weaving new It will weave a new conceptual framework of Chinese and Western medicine, build a theoretical system for the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, and promote the integration of the theory and practice of Chinese and Western medicine.
(3) Research on prevention and treatment of major diseases and common diseases that jeopardize human health and life, as well as research and development of new drugs and technologies, will remain the main direction of research on the integration of Chinese and Western medicines in the 21st century. The combination of Chinese and Western medicine will certainly become an important way of "comprehensive prevention and treatment" of human diseases.
(4) Combined Chinese and Western medicine medical education will develop rapidly, and the education system will be improved to meet the needs of social development and medical development. For example, China's "general practitioners" will be general practitioners who combine Chinese and Western medicine.
(5) The construction of medical institutions such as hospitals combining Chinese and Western medicines will develop rapidly, showing more and more the advantages of medical institutions combining Chinese and Western medicines in the fields of medical treatment, prevention, rehabilitation, health care, nursing care and community health services. The ideas and methods of combining Chinese and Western medicine and the results of research will be further popularized and applied in various types of medical institutions.
(F) Integrated Chinese and Western medicine will go hand in hand with modern medicine and Chinese medicine to promote each other and **** the same development.
Promoting and realizing the combination of Chinese and Western medicine is the direction and ambitious goal of China's medical development, is China's medical and health workers, as well as scientific and technological workers *** with the historical mission.
The 21st century will be the century of the vigorous development of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. It is also the century in which the combination of traditional medicine and modern medicine of all mankind "combined medicine" flourishes.