The qualification and medical level of regular hospitals are still guaranteed.
In addition, you should also identify whether your friend is a psychopath.
You can refer to the following contents
Judgment and differentiation of mental illness
Distinguish between psychological problems and mental illness
Almost everyone may encounter psychological obstacles, such as emotional fluctuation and disorder caused by lovelorn, being alone, interpersonal conflict, loss of interest caused by a period of bad mood, disorder of life rules and even abnormal behavior, personality deviation and so on. The emotional barriers caused by these practical problems become psychological barriers. Like these problems, most people often adjust themselves or ask their parents, relatives, teachers and other help to adjust. If these adjustment methods still have no effect, you need to consult a psychologist for help.
In addition, psychological counseling is also applicable to neurosis, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, phobia, hypochondria, neurasthenia, personality problems and so on. It is also suitable for psychological and physical disorders (psychosomatic diseases), psychological disorders caused by organic diseases of nervous system, emotional disorders of children, learning disabilities, various mental development abnormalities, etc.
Mental illness refers to the disorder of brain functional activities, which leads to different levels of mental activities such as cognition, emotion, behavior and will. There are many pathogenic factors: congenital inheritance, personality characteristics and physical factors, organic factors, social and environmental factors and so on. Many mental patients have delusions, hallucinations, delusions, emotional disorders, dumbfounding, talking to themselves, acting strangely, and declining will. Most patients lack self-knowledge, do not admit that they are sick, and do not actively seek the help of doctors. Ordinary people also have the phenomenon of not admitting that they are sick, so we can't take the lack of self-knowledge and not admitting that we are sick as the basis for identifying mental illness.
Common mental diseases include schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, menopausal psychosis, paranoid psychosis and psychosis accompanied by various organic diseases. Patients and their families should actively cooperate with psychiatrists and go to the hospital as soon as possible.
There are many people who always say "you are crazy" in a sarcastic tone. In fact, neuropathy refers to the organic lesions of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves, which often have obvious symptoms such as pain, numbness, loss of consciousness, paralysis and/or signs of nervous system localization. The location of the lesions can be found through medical instruments such as brain ct and MRI. Common nervous system diseases include encephalitis, meningitis, cerebral cysticercosis, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, epilepsy, brain tumor, myasthenia gravis and so on. Patients should be treated in neurology or neurosurgery.
Psychological problems are divided into general psychological problems and serious psychological problems. On the basis of serious psychological problems, it is necessary to judge the difference between serious psychological problems and mental diseases. If it belongs to the category of mental illness, special treatment, especially drug treatment, needs to be provided by psychologists or psychiatrists with prescription rights.
In the field of psychology and psychiatry, there are generally recognized three principles to judge disease and non-disease, namely:
First, whether there are hallucinations (such as auditory hallucinations and hallucinations). ) or delusion;
Second, whether there is a problem with self-cognition, whether you can or are willing to receive psychological or spiritual treatment;
Third, whether emotion and cognition are confused, whether knowledge, emotion and intention are unified, and whether social function is seriously damaged (that is, whether behavior and emotion have been seriously out of control).
The focus is on illusion and emotional confusion, and the judgment of self-cognition should be based on these two important judgments.
Distinguish neurosis from psychosis.
Neurosis is also called neurosis or mental neurosis. It is a group of mental disorders, including neurasthenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, phobia, somatoform disorder and so on. Patients feel deep pain and hinder their psychological or social functions, but there is no verifiable organic pathology. The course of disease is mostly protracted or paroxysmal. The onset of neurosis is usually related to bad social and psychological factors, and unhealthy quality and personality characteristics often form the basis of the onset. Symptoms are complex and diverse, and their typical experience is the psychological activities that patients feel uncontrollable and think should be controlled, such as anxiety, persistent tension, fear, entangled troubles, meaningless thoughts of self-confession, obsessive ideas, etc. Although the patient has a variety of physical discomfort, clinical examination failed to find organic lesions.
Mental illness is a kind of disease caused by various harmful factors inside and outside the human body, which leads to the disorder of perception, consciousness, emotion, thinking, behavior and intelligence. It is characterized by abnormal mental state and various mental symptoms. Such as misjudgment of time, place and people; Not knowing one's mental activities or material existence; I feel that my verbal thinking and behavior are not dominated by myself but by external forces; There is nothing in the objective reality, but the patient perceives it; Sick, wrong judgment and reasoning, so it is a wrong idea that does not conform to the facts, but the patient firmly believes that this can not be corrected by personal experience and experience, and is indifferent to everything around him.
In daily life, some people often confuse mental illness with neurosis, but there are also differences between them. People often say that mental illness refers to serious mental illness, while neurosis is a group of mild mental disorders. The main differences are as follows:
(1) Different causes: It is generally believed that mental illness is caused by "stimulation", but in fact, until today, psychiatric research still believes that most mental diseases are diseases with unknown causes. Of course, some mental patients have encountered unpleasant things before the onset, but more are closely related to the internal causes of patients. There may be all kinds of setbacks and difficulties in life, but only a few people suffer from mental illness, and some patients have no mental stimulation before they get sick. So mental stimulation is only an inducement, not a cause. On the contrary, neurosis is generally caused by realistic or childhood traumatic psychological factors.
(2) Different classification: When it comes to mental illness, people always think that there are two kinds: literature and martial arts, but in fact, schizophrenia and affective disorder are the most common mental illnesses. When it comes to neurosis, people will equate it with neurasthenia. In fact, neurosis is not a disease unit but a group of mental disorders, including phobia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive neurosis, hysteria, hypochondria, neurasthenia and depersonalization neurosis, somatization disorder and occupational neurosis (that is, the occupational disease of intellectuals-writing spasm syndrome). It is characterized by finger dysfunction when writing, but it is completely normal when doing other work. This disease is common in writers, painters, teachers, editors, draftsmen, secretaries and other people who have been doing fine movements with their hands for a long time.
(3) Different clinical manifestations: mental patients don't know that their mental state is abnormal, so they don't admit that they have mental illness, don't take the initiative to seek medical treatment, or even refuse to see a doctor; Neurosis has no psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, etc.) except hysteria. ) and I know something about the abnormality of my mental state, so I feel sick and take the initiative to seek medical treatment. Behavioral changes of mental illness sometimes exceed socially acceptable limits, such as blinking for no reason, making faces, and eating some inedible things: soap, sewage, etc. The behavior is incomprehensible and I don't know what the motivation is; However, the behavioral changes of neurosis are usually kept within the acceptable range of society. For example, phobia patients often take evasive actions when they are afraid of certain objects or situations; Obsessive-compulsive disorder patients lack a sense of security, so they repeatedly check whether the doors and windows are closed and whether thieves are hidden under the bed; Patients with neurasthenia are easily excited and angry about trifles.
(4) Different treatment methods: Psychotropic drugs must be given priority to, supplemented by psychotherapy. Drugs include: antipsychotic drugs (such as haloperidol, thiopyridazine, chlorpromazine, risperidone, perphenazine, sulpiride, clozapine, aripiprazole, Qiwei, etc. ); Antidepressants (prozac, Celeste, moclobemide, maprotiline, imipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline, dodopine); Antimanic drugs (lithium carbonate, carbamazepine) and anti-anxiety drugs (diazepam, clonazepam, alprazolam, etc. ). The treatment of neurosis is mainly psychotherapy, supplemented by drug treatment. Psychotherapy must be carried out by professionally trained people, just like a layman who gives drugs to relatives and friends or uses drugs himself can't be properly called drug therapy. Praying for God and worshipping Buddha may also have a good psychological effect on patients, but it cannot be said that this is a kind of psychotherapy. Because the cause of mental illness is unknown at present, the current use of psychotropic drugs is blind, with great side effects, no obvious therapeutic effect and no specific drugs.
To sum up, neuropathy is an organic disease of the nervous system, characterized by abnormal sensation and movement. Psychosis and neurosis are both abnormal mental states. Generally speaking, the abnormality of mental illness is obvious, and the abnormality of neurosis is light; Psychotic patients refuse to admit that they are sick and refuse to seek medical treatment, while neurotic patients feel sick and take the initiative to seek medical treatment.
The difference between mental illness and neuropathy
In many people's minds, there is often a wrong concept, which is to confuse mental illness with mental illness. Whenever I hear someone say "psycho", I immediately think of "madman" and "fool". In fact, mental illness and neuropathy are two completely different diseases and cannot be confused.
Neuropathy is the abbreviation of nervous system disease. It refers to the organic lesions of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves, and the location of the lesions can be found through medical instruments. Common neuropathy includes encephalitis, meningitis, cerebral cysticercosis, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, epilepsy, brain tumor, myasthenia gravis and so on. Patients should go to neurology for diagnosis and treatment.
However, there is sometimes a connection between neuropathy and psychosis. Patients with nervous system diseases such as encephalitis, brain tumor, brain trauma and epilepsy are often accompanied by mental symptoms, some of which are outstanding. However, it is not difficult to distinguish between medical history and comprehensive physical examination. Neuropathy should be treated in a brain department, and mental illness should be treated in a mental hospital.
The above content is quoted from (Baidu Encyclopedia content)