Electrical isolation is an important safety principle in electrical engineering that aims to prevent the flow of current between different parts, thereby reducing the risk of electric shock and preventing damage to equipment. Here are some safety principles of electrical isolation:
Isolation materials: ? Materials with high insulating properties are used to isolate electrical components to ensure that current cannot be conducted through the material. Common isolation materials include plastic, rubber, ceramic, etc.
Isolation distance:? When designing an electrical circuit, ensure that the distance between neighboring electrical components is large enough to prevent arcing or leakage. Isolation distances are usually regulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) or other standards.
Isolation devices:? Specially designed isolation devices, such as isolation transformers, optically coupled devices (optocouplers), and relays, are used to isolate different parts of a circuit. These devices are capable of passing electrical signals through a non-conductive medium to achieve electrical isolation.
Ground insulation:? In some cases, ground insulation methods are used, i.e., to completely isolate a device from the ground power source to prevent current from flowing to ground. This is very important in some special environments such as medical equipment.
Double insulation:? A double insulation design is used in some devices, meaning that both layers of the device's insulation need to be broken in order to cause an electric shock. This provides additional safety.