Radioactive waste disposal methods:
1. Before disposing of used sealed radioactive sources, solid wastes containing unsealed radioisotopes and waste liquids, they must be declared to the school's Equipment and Laboratory Management Office and go through the relevant procedures. It is strictly prohibited to pile up, bury, burn, discard radioactive waste sources or decommissioned sources, radioactive waste and waste radiation devices.
2. Used sealed radioactive sources, solid waste containing unsealed radioisotopes and waste liquids should be sent to storage in a timely manner according to regulations. Radioactive radiation devices to be scrapped must be approved by the unit and the Equipment and Laboratory Management Office, and the radioactive source must be removed by professional staff before scrapping, and no treatment shall be carried out without the removal of the radioactive source.
3. Before disposing of used sealed radioactive sources, solid wastes containing unsealed radioisotopes and waste liquids, each unit shall classify and record the information of their types, nuclide names, quantities, activities, dates of acquisition, states (gaseous, liquid, and solid), and physical and chemical properties (combustible and non-combustible) in accordance with the relevant national standards.
4, used sealed radioactive sources, solid waste containing unsealed radioisotopes and waste liquids and waste radiographic devices shall be promptly reported to the unit and the Equipment and Laboratory Management Office for record and cancellation after disposal.
Definition of Radioactive Waste:
Radioactive waste is material that contains or is contaminated with radionuclides, the concentration or activity of which is greater than the clean decontamination level set by the national auditing and regulatory authorities, and is no longer expected to be utilized. According to the physical form can be divided into solid, liquid, gas three.
The sources of radioactive waste can be broadly categorized into four types:
1. Nuclear fuel production process
Mainly including uranium mining, smelting and fuel element processing. Wastes generated from uranium mining and smelting process mainly include solid wastes such as waste ore, waste slag, tailings, etc., liquid wastes such as pit water and process wastewater generated from wet operation, as well as gaseous wastes composed of radon and polonium radioactive aerosols, dust, and so on. This type of waste mainly contains natural radioactive substances such as uranium, thorium, radon, radium, polonium, etc., which have low specific activities and are generated in large quantities. Waste generated from uranium recovery and fuel element processing is mainly uranium-containing waste liquid.
2, the reactor operation process
The reactor generated a large number of fission products, generally retained in the fuel element casing, when the element casing breakage accidents, there will be a small amount of fission products leaked into the cooling cycle water.
3. Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Process
The large amount of fission products is the main waste of nuclear fuel reprocessing process. Some of the gaseous fission products (krypton 85, iodine 129, etc.) are released from the fuel element during cutting and dissolution of the fuel element and enter the exhaust gas system. more than 99% of the fission products remain in the fuel dissolution solution. When chemically separated, they are concentrated in the acidic waste stream of the first extraction cycle process (see Praxair Process). This part of the waste stream has a very high specific activity and high heat release, and is the focus of radioactive waste management. In addition, there are the second and third extraction cycle process waste liquid, process cooling water, washing water and so on. This part of the waste liquid volume, but lower specific activity.
4, other sources
Nuclear industry decommissioning of nuclear facilities, nuclear weapons production and testing and other use of radioactive substances in sectors such as hospitals, schools, scientific research units, factories and other waste generated. These wastes are quite a few types and in various forms.
Legal basis:
"Laboratory Waste Disposal Management Measures," Article I. Laboratory waste referred to in these measures *** is divided into five categories:
1. Radioactive waste: refers to the nuclear raw materials, nuclear fuel, the ability to produce spontaneous nuclear changes in the release of free radiation of the material or contain the above substances of the apparatus. Including unsealed radioactive substances and sealed radioactive substances.
2. Infectious waste: refers to waste animal carcasses, pathological waste, blood waste, infectious sharp instrument waste, waste infectious cultures, bacterial strains and related biological products and other infectious laboratory waste used or generated by the experimental process.
3. Laboratory waste liquid: refers to the experiments, research and other processes generated by the toxic and harmful waste liquid, but does not include radioactive and infectious waste liquid.
4. Solid chemical waste: residues of toxic and hazardous chemicals, and solid chemicals to be scrapped.
5. Laboratory exhaust: toxic and harmful gases produced in the experiment.