Chicken breast is a wedge-shaped bulge in the anterior wall of the chest, like an avian sternum, hence the name. Funnel chest is one of the common pediatric thoracic developmental malformations, is a kind of chest wall of the depression deformity, like a funnel. It is a kind of depression deformity of the anterior chest wall, which is like a funnel. It is mainly manifested in the fact that the sternum in the middle part of the chest of the child leads the ribs around the connection to collapse inward into a funnel shape, so that the organs in the chest cavity are compressed or even dislocated, and leads to the development and function of heart and lungs of the child to be seriously affected.
1) The causes of these two deformities are:
1. Congenital developmental anomalies - in the fetus or infancy, the developmental imbalance of the sternum and vertebrae, ribs, resulting in thoracic deformities.
2. Malnutrition - after birth, infants do not get enough nutrition, suffering from certain malnutritional diseases, such as pediatric rickets, which can affect the development of the sternum and so on for a long time, resulting in thoracic deformity.
3. Diseases secondary to the thoracic cavity - such as certain congenital heart disease, expanding the heart compression of the chest wall, the formation of chicken chest deformity. Flat chest deformity due to chronic pyothorax.
2) the harm of these two deformities
General mild thoracic deformity has little effect on the physiological function of the human body, the main preventive measures should be taken to prevent its continued development. If the thoracic deformity is more serious, especially the funnel chest, the thoracic organs heart and lungs are compressed to varying degrees, and even cause the heart to shift, the lung ventilation function is also affected, such as further development, but also prone to respiratory tract infections and other serious diseases.
3) Diagnosis and treatment of these two deformities:
1. The diagnosis of funnel chest and chicken chest is made through thoracic auscultation, and in order to determine whether there are indications for surgical treatment, the necessary chest X-ray examination and determination of cardio-cerebral function should also be carried out. The combination of funnel chest and chicken chest with severe cardiorespiratory dysfunction is not common, and the deformity is not serious in young children, and can be corrected with age and physical development. This situation does not require special treatment, can be observed until after 3 - 5 years of age, and pay attention to the prevention and treatment of the primary disease rickets.
2. For serious deformities, especially the funnel chest combined with severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction, surgical treatment should be given. This type of surgery should be performed in specialized hospitals by experienced doctors.
4) Treatment of funnel chest
Traditional treatment: surgery to correct funnel chest began in the 1970s in foreign countries, and in the 1980s in China, there were also such surgeries. Surgery for young children at a young age gradually matured in the 1990s. In the past, the conventional method of treating funnel chest was to make a longitudinal and transverse incision of a window of about 10 centimeters in the anterior chest, remove the deformed ribs and then fix them with steel pins. Surgery is traumatic, bleeding, and because the integrity of the child's thorax is destroyed, the lung function is severely affected in a short period of time, which can lead to bronchial obstruction and pulmonary atelectasis resulting in severe hypoxia.
In addition, after the surgery, the corrected thorax is not fixed before the growth of bone growth due to voluntary respiratory movements, resulting in surgical failure. This type of surgery is difficult to deal with in the perioperative period, the surgical risk is very high, and there are many complications. The traditional treatment method at home and abroad mostly adopts the steel pin sternal elevation surgery, which has unsatisfactory results. At present, the practiced and improved surgery adopts double steel plate sternal elevation method, and the level of surgery is obviously improved with good effect. In fact, the effect of surgery also depends on the level of medical equipment, such as ventilators, monitors, lung function monitoring means. With the continuous development of medical technology, advanced medical equipment and personnel training level of improvement, the current complications of this type of surgery has been significantly reduced, but the lower age group of children's surgery is still a certain risk, there will be some complications.
5) Current treatment
At present, China's most advanced thoracoscopy-assisted funnel chest correction --
The method is to cut a small incision of 2 cm in the pediatric side of the chest under the axillary midline area, with the use of thoracoscopy to the thoracic cavity peeling and guiding, and then a homemade corrective equipment to the opposite side of the penetration of the opening and then flipped, so as to achieve the purpose of correction. The surgical incision is about 15-20 centimeters long, and it is necessary to cut off the diseased rib cartilage and do sternal osteotomy, which results in big surgical injury, much bleeding, obvious pain and slow recovery. No matter what kind of surgery due to cut off the ribs, destroying the integrity of the thorax, lung infection, pulmonary atelectasis resulting in hypoxia caused by brain damage surgical risk still exists.
6) A new technique for the treatment of funnel chest without opening the chest
Nowadays, there are doctors who use the technique without opening the chest to treat funnel chest: they only cut two 2-centimeter incisions in the child's anterior chest wall, and then use a steel plate to shape the chest according to the patient's thorax and then turn it over in the patient's back of the sternum, and then the two ends of the steel plate are supported on the ribs on the two sides of the patient, to treat the funnel chest deformity of the child. It is a new technique without opening the chest, with little injury and less bleeding. During the operation, the steel plate can be shaped according to the different degrees of the patient's thoracic deformity, which is more adapted to the individual differences and makes the operation result better. Postoperative patients have little pain, the next day can leave the bed activities, and short hospitalization time, low hospitalization costs, is a good method of modern treatment of funnel chest.
7) Surgery for age
Funnel chest is a congenital malformation of bone development, which is not often thought to be caused by calcium deficiency and malnutrition, and its etiology is still not very clear.
In the 1970s, the youngest patients who underwent this type of surgery abroad were about 4-5 years old. Currently, the optimal age for surgery depends on the conditions of the hospital and the level of the surgeon. Experts believe that, according to the characteristics of pediatric bone, the best time to correct the funnel chest is at the age of 2 - 4 years, and the operation at a younger age may not affect the development of children. At present, 1--3-year-old children to do this kind of surgery, most of the results are very good.
8) Non-surgical treatment of chicken chest method
1. Stand with feet shoulder-width apart, body relaxation, eyes closed, arms gently lifted forward to the top of the head, inhale at the same time, stop for a while, the two arms naturally fall, accompanied by a deep exhalation, a number of times a day, 10 minutes each time.
2. Push-ups or holding dumbbells to do two-armed front raise exercises 3 - 4 times a day, 10 minutes each time.
3. Single and double bar on the head of turning tendons, daily early in the morning on an empty stomach, but not too strenuous.
4. Jogging helps to enhance the activity of internal organs, expand the respiratory capacity, and improve the thoracic dysplasia.
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