First, the world powers began to implement the 6G plan. At the 20 18 Mobile World Congress in the United States, an official of the Federal Communications Commission of the United States first looked forward to 6G in public. The European Union, the United States, Finland, South Korea and Russia have also carried out 6G work.
In 20 18, Finland began to study 6G related technologies. At the end of the year, the media were invited to listen to their research and work progress under the guidance of 6G network. 20 19 An international conference on 6G was held in Lapland, Finland from March 24 to 26.
On March 9th, 20 18, Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that China had begun to study 6G.
Second, why should we develop 6G? The demand for ultra-high speed, ultra-large capacity, ultra-low delay, full coverage and low energy consumption gave birth to 6G. Everyone knows that 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G changes life and 5G changes society. 1-4g solves the information communication between people, and improves the communication quality between people from voice, text, video and other aspects. With the continuous expansion of mobile communication applications, the connection between things and people, that is, the Internet of Things, has become the most important content of 5G development. 20% of 5G applications will be used for communication between people, and 80% will be used for communication between things.
The high speed, large capacity and low latency of 5G technology have laid the foundation for the Internet of Things and brought the society into the Internet of Things era. However, the limitations of 5G are also manifested in (1) social (medical surgery, unmanned driving in big cities) or industrial production. Many Internet of Things have a large amount of data, fast transmission and processing requirements, and 5G is not enough; (2)5G needs to build a large number of base stations, and it is basically impossible to achieve full coverage in remote mountainous areas and oceans; (3) 3) The energy consumption of a 5G base station is three times that of a 4G base station. These limitations inevitably require the development of a new communication technology with ultra-high speed, ultra-large capacity, ultra-low delay, full coverage and low energy consumption, namely 6G.
What kind of communication technology is 3.6G? In 2020, 5G will be commercialized, and 6G will be officially put into research and development. So what is 6G like?
The 6G era will move towards the terahertz era. Terahertz, or THz, generally refers to the frequency band between 300GHz and 3000GHz. This means that 6G wireless waves can carry more data-which means that 6G networks will have faster network speed and download bandwidth of 1Tbps-which is 0/00 times that of 5G and 0/0000 times that of 4G.
The 6G network will be a world where heaven, earth, people and sea are connected. Integrating satellite communication into 6G mobile communication can achieve seamless global coverage, network signals can reach any remote village and ocean, and even underwater connection can be realized. 6G communication technology is no longer a simple breakthrough in network capacity and transmission rate, but also the "ultimate goal" to narrow the digital divide and realize the Internet of Everything.
Conclusion: 6G will make mankind enter the ubiquitous intelligent information society, and 6G communication will integrate land mobile communication, medium and high orbit satellite communication and short-distance direct wireless communication technology to unify communication, calculation, perception and intelligence. Establish a ubiquitous mobile communication network in air, sky, land and sea, and realize high-speed broadband communication with ubiquitous coverage all over the world!
I am a subject blind, but one thing is certain, that is, 6G must be better than 5G.
The world is changing so fast that we can hardly keep up.
Come on, young students, the strength of the motherland depends on you!
When you say 6G technology, I understand that it is the sixth generation mobile communication standard, or the sixth generation mobile communication technology after 5G. The purpose of its development is to promote the development of the Internet of Things. At present, 6G network is only a conceptual wireless network. According to the published data, the theoretical speed reaches 1TB.
development status
United States: In March this year, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States decided to open the "terahertz wave" spectrum, which is planned to be used for 6G services.
China:? Last March, Miao Wei, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said that China had begun to study 6G technology. ? Xiang Ligang, an observer of China communication industry, proposed that underwater communication will be one of the important areas of 6G.
South Korea: SK Group Information Technology Center proposed a structural model of "terahertz+honeycomb structure+high-altitude wireless platform (such as satellite)";
EU: METIS Project 20 13 put forward 5G research, which has the trend of upgrading to 6G.
In addition to China and the United States, Japan and Russia are also carrying out related work intensively.
Development focus
At present, terahertz wave is generally considered to be suitable for 6G services, but its feasibility remains to be demonstrated.
The parties to the proposal put forward by South Korea are actively experimenting.
Tesla of the United States mentioned the "10,000 satellite plan" to establish Wi-Fi around the earth;
China has put forward a similar plan.
Difficulties in development
1.6G is only a conceptual wireless network, and there is no unified conceptual meaning. The key technologies of 2.6G network need to be explored and studied. For example, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) formally established the Network 2030 Focus Group, and Huawei described the 6G network architecture.
The routing scheme of 3.6G network needs to be verified. All countries have put forward a route plan similar to South Korea, but it needs to be verified;
The research and development of 4.6G network needs talents, technology and funds. To sum up, at present, there is no substantial progress or huge breakthrough in 6G networks in various countries. China took the lead in 5G, with technology, talent and money. If China and the United States are neck and neck in the 5G era. From the development trend, 6G is likely to lead the world with China.
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Many people have a vague idea that 6G should be faster than 5G. From the perspective of ordinary people, they want to know whether it can achieve a more convenient network speed, and whether high-tech things such as intelligent robot networking can really facilitate the lives of ordinary people with the popularity of 6G.
Around May this year, the United States proposed a 6G layout plan! And what is 6G? Even Huawei, a company that has developed 5G, is still in the initial stage of developing 6G!
For 6G, many countries are willing but unable to do it. Why do you say that?
5G has not been developed, let alone 6 G, then some people will say, can't it just be developed directly? Yes, yes, the key is whether your technical and economic strength allows it.
What exactly is 6G? Countries all over the world have different opinions and there is no standard definition.
At this time, the world's boss, the United States, stood up and said that the United States was not prepared to directly develop 5 G. The Falcon 9 rocket of the American space exploration technology company launched 60 satellites. The plan put forward in 20 15 will launch nearly 12000 satellites before 2025.
In other words, 6G of soil is not on the surface, but in space. Use satellites to form a satellite chain and connect signals into a network. Through the integration of satellite networks, full coverage can be achieved like a fishing net, just like standing on a high place can see farther.
Of course, the theory is beautiful, but for most countries, the current 6G is only in the research and development stage. Even if satellites can be launched into space according to theory in the future, how many tens of thousands of satellites will be needed to meet our demand for full signal coverage? Variables in space are more difficult to predict than those on our earth. How to deal with the pollution caused by these satellites in the future? Will it have a bad influence on people living on the earth?
The sixth generation mobile network (or the sixth generation wireless system), referred to as 6G for short, refers to the sixth generation mobile communication technology and is an extension of the 5G system. It's still in the development stage. The transmission capacity of 6G may be 100 times higher than that of 5G, and the network delay may also be reduced from millisecond level to microsecond level. In 20 18, Finland began to study 6G related technologies. At the end of the year, the media were invited to listen to their research and work progress under the guidance of 6G network. 20 19 An international conference on 6G was held in Lapland, Finland from March 24 to 26.
basic concept
6G, the sixth generation mobile communication standard, is a conceptual wireless network mobile communication technology, also known as the sixth generation mobile communication technology. The main driving factor is the development of the Internet.
The 6G network will be a fully connected world integrating terrestrial wireless and satellite communication. Integrating satellite communication into 6G mobile communication can achieve seamless global coverage, and network signals can reach any remote village, so that patients deep in the mountains can receive telemedicine and children can receive distance education. In addition, with the joint support of global positioning system, telecommunications satellite system, earth image satellite system and 6G ground network, the ground-air full coverage network can also help human beings to quickly predict the weather and respond to natural disasters. This is the future of 6G. 6G communication technology is no longer a simple breakthrough in network capacity and transmission rate, but the "ultimate goal" of narrowing the digital divide and realizing the Internet of Everything, which is the significance of 6G.
correlation technique
Terahertz band
6G will use terahertz (THz) frequency band, and the "densification" of 6G network will reach an unprecedented level. At that time, we will be surrounded by small base stations. Terahertz band refers to 100GHz- 10THz, which is much higher than 5G. From communication 1G(0.9GHz) to 4g (above 4g (1.8GHZ), the frequency of wireless electromagnetic waves we use is getting higher and higher. Because the higher the frequency, the wider the bandwidth allowed to be allocated, and the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted per unit time, which is what we usually call "faster network speed". However, another main reason for the development of frequency bands to high places is the limited resources of low frequency bands. Just like a highway, no matter how wide it is, the number of cars it can accommodate is limited. When the roads are not enough, vehicles will be blocked and cannot run smoothly. At this time, we should consider developing another road. The same is true of spectrum resources. With the increase of users and smart devices, the limited spectrum bandwidth needs to serve more terminals, which will lead to a serious decline in the service quality of each terminal. The feasible way to solve this problem is to develop new communication frequency bands and expand communication bandwidth. The main frequency bands of 4G of the three major operators in China are located in some frequency bands between 1.8 GHz and 2.7 GHz, while the mainstream frequency band of 5G defined by the International Telecommunication Standards Organization is 3GHz-6GHz, which belongs to millimeter wave frequency band. At 6G, it will enter the higher frequency terahertz band, and at this time it will also enter the submillimeter wave band. Gou Lijun, a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told Internet Weekly: "Terahertz is called submillimeter wave in astronomy. The stations of such observatories are generally high and dry, such as the Antarctic and the Akatama Desert in Chile. " Then, why do we talk about the "densification" of the network in the 6G era, and there are small base stations all around us? This involves the coverage of the base station, that is, the transmission distance of the base station signal. Generally speaking, there are many factors that affect the coverage of base stations, such as the frequency of signals, the transmission power of base stations, the height of base stations and the height of mobile terminals. As far as the frequency of the signal is concerned, the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, so the diffraction ability of the signal (also called diffraction) encounters obstacles in the process of electromagnetic wave propagation. When the size of this obstacle is close to the wavelength of electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic wave can be diffracted from the edge of the object. Diffraction can help negative diffraction, covering the shadow area), and the worse the loss, the greater the loss. Moreover, this loss will increase with the increase of transmission distance, and the range that the base station can cover will decrease. The frequency of 6G signal is already at terahertz level, which is close to the spectrum of molecular rotation energy level and is easily absorbed by water molecules in the air, so the propagation distance in space is not as far as that of 5G signal, so 6G needs more base stations to "relay". The frequency band used by 5G is higher than 4G. Regardless of other factors, the coverage of 5G base stations is naturally smaller than that of 4 G.. In the higher frequency band of 6G, the coverage of the base station will be smaller. Therefore, the base station density of 5G is much higher than that of 4G. In the 6G era, the base station density will be difficult to see.
Spatial multiplexing technology
6G will adopt "spatial multiplexing technology", and the 6G base station will be able to access hundreds or even thousands of wireless connections at the same time, and its capacity will reach 1000 times that of the 5G base station. As mentioned earlier, 6G will use terahertz frequency band, although this high frequency band is rich in frequency resources and has a large system capacity. However, the mobile communication system using high frequency carrier will face severe challenges to improve coverage and reduce interference.
When the signal frequency exceeds 10GHz, its main propagation mode is no longer diffraction. For NLOS propagation links, reflection and scattering are the main signal propagation modes. At the same time, the higher the frequency, the greater the propagation loss, and the closer the coverage distance, the weaker the diffraction ability. These factors will greatly increase the difficulty of signal coverage. Not only 6G, but also 5G in millimeter wave band. 5G solves this problem through two key technologies: large-scale MIMO and beamforming. Our cell phone signal is connected to the operator's base station, or more accurately, the antenna on the base station. Large-scale MIMO technology is simple to say. In fact, it is to compensate the loss on the high-frequency path by increasing the number of transmitting antennas and receiving antennas, that is, to design a multi-antenna array. Under the MIMO multi-antenna configuration, the amount of transmitted data can be increased, and this uses spatial multiplexing technology. At the transmitter, the high-rate data stream is divided into several lower-rate substreams, and different substreams are transmitted on different transmit antennas in the same frequency band. Because the spatial subchannels between the antenna arrays of the transmitter and the receiver are sufficiently different, the receiver can distinguish these parallel substreams without paying extra frequency or time resources. The advantage of this technology is that it can increase channel capacity and improve spectrum utilization without occupying extra bandwidth and consuming extra transmission power. However, MIMO multi-antenna array will concentrate most of the transmitted energy in a very narrow area. That is, the more antennas, the narrower the beam width. The advantage of this is that there will be less interference between different beams and different users, because different beams have their own focusing areas, which are small and do not overlap each other. But it also brings another problem: the narrow beam emitted by the base station is not 360-degree omnidirectional, so how to ensure that the beam can cover users in any direction around the base station? At this time, the beamforming technology should show its magic power. Simply put, beamforming technology is to manage and control the beam through complex algorithms, making it like a "spotlight". These "spotlights" can find places where mobile phones gather and then cover them with more focused signals. 5G uses MIMO technology to improve spectrum utilization. 6G is located in a higher frequency band, and the further development of MIMO in the future is likely to provide key technical support for 6G.
Development: 2065438+On March 9, 2008, Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that China had begun to study 6G.
Recently, there is a hot topic in the scientific and technological circles, that is: What the hell is 6g? Where is the 5G still?
Recently, Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, revealed in an interview that from the end of 20 17, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has begun to study the 6G development era. So, some people think about when 5g will come.
In fact, according to our country's fine style of "not fighting the battle of uncertainty", we can see that the commercial technology of 5g has matured, and Minister Miao also said that the commercial service of 5g will be launched in recent years. In my opinion, 5g commercial services will be launched in 2020, because 2020 is the first century for China to enter a well-off society in an all-round way! It is of great significance, and 5g commercial promotion can add luster to it.
Minister of Industry and Information Technology Miao Wei
So let's take a look at what a 6G network is.
In fact, there is no standard definition of 6g communication network in the world! ! ! Because this is just a concept, to put it bluntly, even people who work in the communication industry have never heard of the technology of 6g communication. However, this is not illusory, because Minister Miao has given the development direction of 6g Internet, that is, the Internet of Everything! ! ! Internet of Everything (IoE) is defined as the combination of people, processes, data and things to make network connections more relevant and valuable. The Internet of Everything transforms information into action, creates new functions for enterprises, individuals and countries, and brings richer experiences and unprecedented opportunities for economic development. For a simple example, you can use a mobile phone to control many things, such as directly calling unmanned vehicles, giving instructions directly to your smart home, letting smart home robots do housework, and intelligently monitoring every move of your family.
Therefore, 6g communication technology is no longer a simple breakthrough in network transmission speed, but also to solve the problem of Internet of Everything. That is to say, from a technical point of view, to complete the TB-level breakthrough of 6g communication technology, we must also complete the research and development on smart chips, thus breaking the boundaries and completing the concept of "Internet of Everything" in the 6g era.
As for whether the 6g era will be a quantum communication technology, I think this is a negative proposition. Because once quantum communication is popularized, it will be a communication revolution, because quantum communication technology is different from the existing communication technology, which subverts the existing communication technology and base stations. Quantum communication uses the quantum entanglement principle of photons and other particles. Quantum communication tells people that in the microscopic world, no matter how far apart two particles are, the change of one particle will affect the other. This phenomenon is called quantum entanglement, and Einstein called it "weird interaction". Scientists believe that this is a kind of "magical power", which can be used as the basis of quantum computers and quantum security systems, and has super computing power. So I don't think this subversive revolution can be realized in a short time.
Some countries, such as South Korea and the United States, have been studying 6G technology, especially 6G technology is still in the research stage. Even now, 5G technology is not fully popularized, and 6G technology is more like a flower in the mirror and a moon in the water.
What is 6G? 6G refers to the sixth generation mobile communication standard. Although 5G technology has not been fully popularized, our expectations for 6G technology are very high. It is estimated that the transmission speed of 6G network will be 100 times that of 5G network, and the network delay will be reduced from millisecond to microsecond.
According to experts, if the 5G network connects everything, then the 6G network may connect souls, and the 6G network may connect people and animals.
In the 6G network, terahertz frequency band will be used, and there will be base stations all around us. We know that Trump once said: "I hope that the United States will develop 5G or even 6G technology as soon as possible. American companies must step up their efforts or they will fall behind. "
In fact, in March of 20 18, China began to study 6G. Huawei people informed that Huawei "has been doing 6G". In fact, Ren Zheng Fei said: "6G has not broken through in theory and other aspects, so 6G should be used by human beings ten years later."
The reason why the United States emphasizes the construction of 6G is because Huawei's advantage in 5G is much higher than that of the United States. Therefore, in this helplessness, the United States invited Huawei to participate in the construction of the US 5G standard. This just shows that the advantage of the United States in 5G is not strong, but for 5G networks, Huawei does have advantages that many countries cannot match.
It's too early for us to talk about 6G networks.
The network speed of 6G will be about 10 times faster than that of 5G, and it is estimated that the transmission speed can reach 300M- 1G per second. At that time, the Internet of Everything will not be a problem, at least in terms of network speed and reliability.
For 6G, many articles have ardent expectations and longings for its future. For example, its indicators are too attractive:
Transmission rate1.1TB/s;
2. The delay is less than1ms;
3. High frequency and wide bandwidth technology near1THz;
4. Energy-saving Internet of Things technology;
5. A global network integrating heaven and earth;
6. On-demand network with artificial intelligence function and virtualization technology can adapt to various events and scenarios.
Although most of the 6G visions are beautiful, many articles often only describe the ideals without combining with reality, blindly pursuing new technologies without deeply solving the core problems and contradictions of technology. Especially in the intelligence combined with AI. Although AI is an important direction of 6G scientific research, it is still unknown whether the development of 6G can reach the expected core position in the AI field and how much economic benefits it can produce.
I. Frequency band problems faced by 6G
At present, 5G has adopted millimeter wave band, and many experts are optimistic about the use of terahertz band in 6G. But as for the potential of terahertz, whether it will be adopted by 6G depends on whether the high cost of terahertz devices can be solved in the future. The cost is too high to be commercialized. The preliminary estimation of 6G will also focus on improving the application of millimeter wave band.
Second, the power problems faced by 6G
The mobile phone terminal has been unable to break through the bottleneck of the battery, so the transmission power is limited. On the base station side, although the transmission power is not limited, the doubling of the transmission power brings an increase in the power cost. 5G has already faced this problem, and if it is not solved, I am afraid it will be difficult to develop.
Third, whether 6G can be integrated with satellite communication still needs technical and commercial breakthroughs.
For 6G, converged satellite communication is a hot topic at present. If the satellite can be integrated into the mobile phone, it is undoubtedly a very attractive move, and there is no need to worry about signal coverage.
For 5G, it is obvious that satellite communication has not been integrated into mobile phones at present, mainly because of satellite cost, power link attenuation and satellite communication capability. But in recent years, breakthroughs have been made in these fields, and the launch cost of satellites is getting lower and lower, which makes it possible to form satellite networks in space. In terms of power, LEO satellites can greatly reduce transmission delay and attenuation.
However, from the current situation, the introduction of 6G into satellite communication is uncertain and still faces great challenges.
(1) Up to now, satellite services are still carried out through dedicated mobile phones, mainly because the manufacturing, launching and operating costs of satellites exceed the budget of ordinary consumers. If the satellite wants to be integrated into a 6G mobile phone, the cost needs to be greatly reduced, and the current situation cannot be satisfied.
(2) The satellite capacity is much smaller than that of the ground base station. Due to the limitation of spectrum efficiency and the number of satellites, the user rate of satellite communication is limited to voice and low-speed applications. How to reduce costs has become a top priority.
In addition, the signal transmitted by the satellite can only reach the ground after negotiation and permission of the corresponding country, and it is estimated that it can only be used in the country for a short time.
Fourth, the chip technology.
In the future, it is estimated that 6G chips need at least 2nm of technical support. Due to the ultra-high complexity of 2nm technology, it seems that the development of its chips is still in the hands of a few commercial giants, and Huawei's 5G chip production problems have been the same.
At present, the technology to realize the vision of 6G lies not in its novelty and the ideal height of technology, but in whether it can create cost-effective and commercialized products and services for 6G.
6g is likely to realize high-speed communication by satellite. After all, 5g also builds a ground base station like 4 g, and then pulls out the antenna, but the time delay is lower, the bandwidth is larger, and the coverage area of a single antenna may be smaller, so there will be a large number of 5g antenna points, even one hanging on the lamp post. What's the problem? It is difficult to achieve coverage in remote areas. After all, a lot of vertical poles, base stations and communication lines are needed.
Therefore, 6g is likely to directly launch satellites to cover the whole world and form a space signal base station.