1.2004. Domestic economic background: In 2004, the economic growth was 9.5%, and the annual tax revenue was 3,086.6 billion yuan (excluding tariffs and agricultural taxes), an increase of 565.438+0.48 billion yuan or 20.0% over the previous year. The profits of industrial enterprises above designated size in China reached143.62 billion yuan, and the national foreign exchange reserves reached $609.9 billion at the end of the year.
2. Domestic general trend: the agricultural foundation is still not stable, and it is more difficult to increase grain production and farmers' income; There are many projects under construction and newly started, and the impulse to blindly expand investment is still strong; The prices of energy and raw materials have risen rapidly; The contradiction between supply and demand of coal, electricity and oil transportation is still very prominent; Serious production safety accidents occur from time to time; The problems of resource waste and environmental pollution are still serious; Some residents still have a hard life.
3 domestic problems
In order to meet the timetable of opening up the financial industry reached when China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), China is speeding up the reform of the banking industry.
Trade environment: trade friction is increasing, and the pressure of RMB appreciation is great.
Equity reform and split share structure reform are imminent, and capital flow should be increased.
4. External economic environment:
America, Japan and Europe are weak.
The price of international primary products has risen steadily, and the price of oil remains high.
5. Financial situation:
In 2004, the national fiscal revenue was 2,639.647 billion yuan (excluding debt income), an increase of 2 1.6% over the previous year, accounting for 1 12% of the budget. In 2004, the national fiscal revenue and expenditure exceeded the income by 209.042 billion yuan, with a deficit of 3 19 1.
Policy implementation:
1 2005, China's tax system and tax policy have undergone major reforms and adjustments in many aspects, involving a large number of adjustments of value-added tax and its export tax rebate policies, systematization of pre-tax deduction of enterprise property losses, standardization of enterprise tax reduction and exemption policies, substantial adjustment of real estate tax policies, revision of individual income tax law and supporting policies, and changes of tax policies.
Accelerate the construction of a number of infrastructure projects in transportation, energy and water conservancy, and promote the construction of a number of key industries and high-tech projects. The second is to increase policy and financial support for the equipment manufacturing industry and study the establishment of a special fund for the development of the equipment manufacturing industry. Relying on national key projects, improve the system design, manufacturing and complete sets of major technical equipment such as railway and subway vehicles, ship infrastructure and key marine supporting equipment, major electric power, petrochemical and large-scale construction machinery. Third, adopt policies such as accelerated depreciation, investment credit and tax incentives to encourage enterprises to accelerate technological progress and promote industrial upgrading.
3. Financial region-oriented investment: the central government has implemented various fiscal and tax preferential policies for the development of the western region and the revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China. The central government has increased regular investment in construction within the budget, tilted towards weak links in economic and social development, and supported the large-scale development of the western region and the revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China. The National Development and Reform Commission issued a special (first batch) investment plan of special funds (national debt) in the national budget for the adjustment and transformation of the old industrial bases in Northeast China and the structural adjustment of key industries in 2005. Of the 63 projects released, 40 are in Northeast China, including Liaoning Province 19, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province, Dalian City and Harbin Power Plant Equipment Group 1. The total investment scale of 63 projects reached 6.897 billion yuan, and the national debt fund was 580 million yuan, of which the investment scale in Northeast China was 4.407 billion yuan, accounting for 63.9% of the total investment; 429 million yuan of treasury bonds were allocated, accounting for 73.8% of the total treasury bonds.
4. Export tax rebate: In 2005, China's export tax rebate was 337.466 billion yuan, and the comprehensive tax rebate for export goods per US dollar was 0.4429 yuan. Compared with the actual tax refund of 219.6 billion yuan in 2004, it increased by 53.7%.
Adjustment of tax rebate ratio: reducing local financial burden: From June 5438+ 10 1 in 2005, adjust the sharing ratio of export tax rebate between central and local governments. The base of export tax rebate approved by the State Council remains unchanged, and the sharing ratio between the central and local governments is changed from 75: 25 to 92.5: 7.5.
5 Agricultural financial input: In 2005, all 28 provinces in China were exempted from agricultural tax, and 3 provinces also reduced the agricultural tax rate to below 2%. In 2006, when the Eleventh Five-Year Plan began, China will completely abolish the agricultural tax, and farmers will bid farewell to the "national tax on imperial grain" for thousands of years.
Investment in agricultural infrastructure: strengthening the construction of rural infrastructure and major water conservancy projects, supporting grain production and improving rural production and living conditions; Second, increase investment in basic education, public health system, public security facilities, ecological construction and environmental protection. The central government's expenditure on agriculture, countryside and farmers reached 297.5 billion yuan, an increase of 34.9 billion yuan over the previous year.
Agricultural ecological construction: the central government supports forestry ecological construction. In 2005, the central government invested 7.487 billion yuan in natural forest protection projects, supporting the protection of 65.438+0.43 billion mu of natural forests; The expenditure on returning farmland to forests is 29.031100 million yuan, and the expenditure on the sandstorm source control project in Beijing and Tianjin is 4.683 billion yuan, supporting the completion of returning farmland to forests10.35 billion mu, afforestation in barren hills and wasteland/kloc-0.84 billion mu, and closing hills to facilitate afforestation/kloc-0.9 million mu. The forest ecological benefit compensation fund spent 2 billion yuan to support the protection of key public welfare forests, with a pilot area of 400 million mu. In 2005, the expenditure on pollution control funds was 9.984 billion yuan, which was mainly used for water pollution control in key river basins such as "Three Rivers and Three Lakes", environmental protection infrastructure construction in central cities in the western region, and the construction of hazardous waste and medical waste disposal facilities.
Financial investment in employment: increase financial support for expanding employment. First, we should combine expanding investment with expanding employment, and strictly control preferential policies such as land, taxation and finance for investment projects that promote less employment. Increase support for employment growth points such as service industry, non-public economy, small and medium-sized enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises. For enterprises with more new jobs, tax relief and financial discount policies with appropriate intensity and duration can be adopted. The second is to strengthen policies such as tax reduction and subsidies, support the unemployed to set up "micro-enterprises", encourage high-level talents such as college students to start their own businesses, and give preferential fiscal and taxation policies for appropriate periods. In particular, we should accelerate the development of the tertiary industry. The third is to encourage the development of various non-profit and non-governmental organizations and develop public welfare posts. The fourth is to expand the functions and manpower allocation of the national labor and social security departments, strengthen employment and re-employment training, and improve the employment and entrepreneurial ability of workers.
Increase policy support and capital investment for employment and re-employment. In 2005, the central government allocated 20.9 billion yuan for basic living security and reemployment subsidies for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises, an increase of 2.9 billion yuan over the previous year. Make overall plans to do a good job in the employment of new urban laborers, college graduates and demobilized veterans. The central government also arranged special funds to support rural labor transfer training and urban retired soldiers to start their own businesses.
Financial investment in the welfare social security system: the standard of pensions and subsidies for key special care recipients has been significantly improved, and the central government has allocated 7.46 billion yuan for special care, an increase of 90% over the previous year. 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and 2,300 counties (municipalities) have initially established the basic framework of the social assistance system. Disaster relief and poverty alleviation efforts have increased. In the whole year, the central government allocated 8.9 billion yuan in disaster relief funds to help more than 90 million people affected by the disaster. The central and local governments allocated 654.38+062 billion yuan for poverty alleviation, and the number of poor people in rural areas decreased by 2.45 million compared with the previous year.
7 Fiscal expenditure: Government procurement: According to the statistical analysis of the national government procurement information in 2005 recently released by the Ministry of Finance, the national government procurement scale in 2005 reached 292.76 billion yuan, up 37. 1% year-on-year.
Achievements of fiscal policy:
1 deepen the reform of fiscal and taxation management system, promote financial management according to law, and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, regions, economy and society. Substantial steps have been taken to implement a prudent fiscal policy with the main contents of "controlling deficit, adjusting structure, promoting reform, increasing revenue and reducing expenditure", which has promoted steady and rapid economic development and further improved the financial and economic situation. In 2005, the fiscal revenue reached 31649.29 billion yuan.
First, the excessive growth of investment in fixed assets has been significantly curbed. The state has taken a series of measures such as strictly controlling the scale of credit, rectifying indiscriminate loans and raising funds, so that the growth rate of fixed assets investment has decreased year by year. Secondly, the fiscal revenue is growing rapidly, the fiscal expenditure is under control, the fiscal deficit is decreasing year by year, and the growth rate of wage expenditure of banks nationwide is also decreasing year by year. Excessive aggregate demand is effectively controlled. Play a role in curbing inflation.
3 changes in fiscal revenue: fiscal revenue has grown steadily. Judging from fiscal policy, the fiscal deficit has begun to decline. In 2005, the national fiscal deficit was 208 billion, and the proportion of fiscal deficit in GDP will drop from 2.5% in 2004 to 2% in 2005. According to internationally accepted standards, 3% of deficit ratio is a financial risk warning line. In 2005, the national fiscal revenue reached 3162.8 billion yuan, exceeding the budget by 237.2 billion yuan.
4 Impact of tax rebate: After the adjustment of the tax rebate ratio, local governments have more independent financial funds, which has eased the financial tension in some places. It has mobilized the export enthusiasm of enterprises, optimized the structure of export commodities and promoted the rapid growth of foreign trade exports. However, some new situations and problems have emerged in the operation of the new mechanism, mainly due to the imbalance of local burdens and the heavier burdens in some areas. Some places even restrict the export of purchased products and the introduction of export-oriented foreign-funded projects. Sub-countries have also reformed the way of export tax rebate, adopting the way of unified tax rebate by the central government and special year-end payment by local governments, which greatly improved the efficiency of enterprises in handling and cashing export tax rebates. Local finance has more funds for urban infrastructure construction and welfare protection, which has improved the local investment environment.
The implementation of agricultural policy has an impact: the abolition of agricultural tax is of great political and economic significance to a country in transition, with a widening gap between the rich and the poor and between urban and rural areas, and will have a profound and far-reaching impact on rural areas. The cancellation of agricultural tax has promoted the enthusiasm of farmers to engage in agricultural production, and the output of various agricultural products has been greatly improved. After the abolition of agricultural tax, farmers can control the part of the funds paid by non-agricultural income, and their lives will undoubtedly be improved. More importantly, this kind of spiritual liberation is of great significance, which can arouse the enthusiasm of farmers again, and farmers can choose and engage in their own income-increasing activities more freely and independently. The per capita net income of rural residents in the whole year was 3,255 yuan, an increase of 6.2% over the previous year after deducting the price increase. The effect of agricultural tax cancellation is not obvious, and the impact is far-reaching.
6. The industrial structure has been optimized: the problem of uncoordinated three industries has begun to be solved. The added value of primary, secondary and tertiary industries accounts for 12.4%, 47.3% and 40.3% of GDP respectively. The contribution of the tertiary industry to the economy has increased significantly, and the contribution rate of the tertiary industry to GDP growth is 29.0%. The problem of uncoordinated three industries began to show signs of solution. Specifically, the agricultural foundation has been strengthened and the tertiary industry has maintained steady development. In several key regulatory areas, the growth rate of real estate investment dropped significantly and showed a downward trend month by month; The growth rate of automobile production also began to slow down and returned to a relatively normal state. Affected by it, the supervision of some related industries has achieved remarkable results.
7. Control the relatively low unemployment rate: promote the sustainability of employment and create 9.7 million new jobs in cities and towns; The per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 10493 yuan, and the per capita net income of rural residents reached 3255 yuan, which increased by 9.6% and 6.2% respectively after deducting the price factor.
The social security system has been continuously improved and its coverage has been further expanded. Low-income people have been guaranteed and medical care has been greatly developed. Health investment has increased substantially and infrastructure has improved significantly.
The ecological environment has improved significantly, and the conversion of farmland to forests, water pollution control and desertification control have all been greatly improved.
A large number of 10 high-energy enterprises have been eliminated, and the concept of green economy has gradually produced benefits.
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