1, GPS vehicle tracking system
GPS vehicle tracking system is divided into three categories: anti-theft alarm (including emergency rescue and medical help), scheduling command and fleet management (logistics and transportation).
GPS vehicle tracking system utilizes GPS technology, modern communication technology and geographic information technology (GIS).
Using GPS technology, the GPS receiver in the GPS vehicle terminal receives and processes the GPS constellation signals to locate the vehicle and obtain vehicle information, including the vehicle's dynamic coordinate position (longitude, latitude and altitude), time, status and so on.
GPS vehicle-mounted terminal generally adopts DGPS technology, i.e., differential GPS technology, to improve the accuracy of vehicle positioning. the GPS receiver of the GPS vehicle-mounted terminal receives a vehicle positioning information, the fixed GPS receiver of the monitoring center receives a monitoring center positioning information, and the positioning information of the monitoring center is transmitted to the GPS vehicle-mounted terminal through the wireless communication link, and the GPS vehicle-mounted terminal comprehensively analyzes the GPS receiver itself. The GPS vehicle terminal comprehensively analyzes the positioning information received by its own GPS receiver and the monitoring center positioning information received through the wireless communication link to derive the precise positioning information of the vehicle.
Using modern communication technology, a wireless communication link is established between the monitoring center and the monitored vehicle. Through the wireless communication link, the monitoring center and the monitored vehicle transmit voice and data signals in both directions, and the GPS vehicle terminal uploads the vehicle information to the monitoring center. The monitoring center uploads the vehicle information to the monitoring center, the control information of the specific vehicle is transmitted to the monitored vehicle, and the staff of the monitoring center needs to talk to the driver of the vehicle to confirm the information.
From the point of view of the existing wireless communication technology, optional communication networks are: GSM cellular mobile network, trunking or conventional network, satellite communication network (Iridium system) and so on.
Vehicle monitoring system based on conventional communications, its design, networking and use of relatively simple, but its role in the scope of the smaller; GSM's short message service for positioning data transmission, its coverage, network reliability and high performance-price ratio, can be a national roaming, user capacity and support for data and voice at the same time, is very suitable for the GPS vehicle monitoring system for the public network communication platform. This way can also greatly save the use of voice channels to pay the cost of overcoming the previous channel busy, occupied line and other voice communication barriers, but still avoid not in the service area and no short message service places, sometimes there is a certain delay, and its call function can not be compared with the trunking system; trunking system trunking communication mode used for one point to multi-point communication, for the dedicated wireless dispatching Command network, for some special units have incomparable advantages, especially for the radio station has been built, the vehicle is less, mainly used for urban dispatch, high density requirements of the unit, but the cost of network construction and coverage can not be compared with the GSM system.
For the community, large capacity, wide coverage, complex business of the public GPS vehicle monitoring system, the preferred GSM.
At present, around the GSM network has opened short message (SM) service, GSM and short message service principles and features are as follows: GSM (Group Special Mobile) digital cellular mobile communication advantages: With high spectral efficiency, security, stability, high integration, high capacity, open interface, strong anti-noise performance, flexible business, wide coverage, easy to realize the national network, all conditions of the coverage area signal quality is better, including high-noise environments, the cell without interference and roaming performance is good, the mobile service data reliability rate is high.
GSM also has the transmission of point-to-point short message service, and can distinguish between receiving short messages "mobile station called point-to-point short message service" (SMS-MT/PP) and enable GSM users to send short messages to another GSM user "mobile station call point-to-point short message service" (SMS-MO/PP) and another short message. PP) and another short message service, the Cell Broadcast Short Message Service (SMS-CB), which broadcasts a general short message at fixed intervals to all subscribers in a given geographical area. SMS-CB is suited to the business requirements of transmitting messages of less than one hundred and sixty characters. It uses the public *** control channel of GSM, and does not affect the transmission of short messages during a call. Advantages of short message service: fast transmission speed, cheap price of single data transmission, does not occupy the voice communication channel. Disadvantages: increase the burden of the control channel, so that the control channel of a single user occupies more time, the system needs to be changed accordingly. Due to the many advantages of short message service, and the GPS system each time the data to be transmitted in 40 bytes or less, so in the communication mode, GSM system short message service than other communication methods more suitable for "GPS vehicle monitoring system" requirements. Except for a few blind areas in mountainous areas, other places are seamless coverage. Transmission delay, cell phone to cell phone for 20 seconds -30 seconds (local transmission and off-site transmission delay is basically the same), cell phone to the short message center, short message center to cell phone for 3 seconds -5 seconds.
Using GIS technology, the monitoring center analyzes the received vehicle information, converts the vehicle's coordinate position into geographic location, displays the vehicle's position and running track on the electronic map, and records the vehicle's position, speed, time, and status of the vehicle and other information that may be of interest to the owner. At the same time, the monitoring center also combines the relevant information of the specific vehicle in the system, sends corresponding control information to the monitoring vehicle, and transmits it to the monitored vehicle through the wireless communication link, and the control part of the GPS vehicle-mounted terminal controls the vehicle according to the received control signal.
Electronic map is the key part of GIS technology. Electronic map is a vector map, can be stepless zoom in, zoom out, block management, any seamless panning, switching, place name text to maintain the integrity. It has the function of checking each other, i.e., inputting the street name to adjust the map, and clicking the road to display its road name.
There are two types of alarms in anti-theft alarm applications: robbery alarm and anti-theft alarm. When the driver touches the alarm switch installed on the vehicle in a hidden location to the monitoring center, it is a human-activated alarm; when the driver leaves the vehicle, the driver triggers the GPS vehicle terminal through the remote control to the monitoring center to put forward the monitoring requirements, and once the vehicle status is changed or the GPS vehicle terminal is damaged, the monitoring center will immediately do the alarm processing, which is a passive system alarm. The driver can trigger the GPS vehicle-mounted terminal to request the monitoring center to release the monitoring by opening the door and starting the vehicle normally through the remote control.
The monitoring center receives the vehicle alarm signal and gives the sound and light alarm prompts, and at the same time automatically tracks the alarmed vehicle on the screen. It displays the distance marking with the alarm vehicle as the center, and according to the vehicle archive database, it displays various parameters of the alarm vehicle, such as number, model, license plate, color, owner, owner's phone number, etc. It displays the configuration of the nearby police force, and the rescue plan. The staff of the monitoring center first confirms the alarm with the vehicle owner according to the various possible ways of contact registered (cell phone, fixed-line phone or pager, etc.), and then reports the case to the Public Security 110 system after confirming the alarm, and at the same time tracks the vehicle throughout the whole process. The monitoring center is usually connected to the 110 public security police system or public security GPS/AVL system. The monitoring center can make the vehicle cut off electricity, oil and other ways to make the vehicle can not be exercised by remote control, but also let the car send out sound and light distress signal, to help public security personnel to solve the case. When the police processing is finished, the monitoring center lifts the alarm of the vehicle.
Vehicle installation of GPS vehicle monitoring system, can greatly reduce the possibility of vehicle theft and recovery after theft, increased motor vehicle theft and robbery case detection rate, reduce the cost of public security departments to solve the case; to reduce the owner of the vehicle was stolen and robbed of the loss caused by (insurance companies are not the full amount of compensation and the processing of sadness and labor, time-consuming); for the insurance company, the installation of GPS vehicle monitoring system for vehicles For insurance companies, the installation of GPS vehicle monitoring system can greatly reduce the amount of vehicle theft claims, reduce vehicle accidents and fraudulent insurance opportunities.
In scheduling and command applications, users mainly include public security, fire, public transportation, postal service, taxi and other industries. For the dispatcher, in the absence of satellite positioning, after the vehicle is sent out, do not know where the vehicle is. Dispatchers do not know, so it is difficult to carry out effective scheduling. With the help of GPS vehicle scheduling command system, dispatchers can grasp the detailed vehicle dynamic information, so as to realize efficient and scientific scheduling decisions. In the cab industry, when the dispatch center receives the call of the customer to car, GPS vehicle scheduling command system to find out the nearest empty car with the customer, the fastest speed to provide services for customers, while reducing the rate of empty vehicles. In the postal courier business, with the help of GPS vehicle scheduling command system, the scheduling center can real-time scheduling of postal vehicles in operation. Through the GPS automatically look for users near the postal vehicle near the collection, and to provide the driver should be collected should be cast geographic location information, optimize the route, improve the collection speed and customer satisfaction, improve the utilization rate of the vehicle, reduce the total number of courier vehicles, reduce the driver and collection personnel, while achieving the promise of rapid collection. In the bus company industry, the dispatcher can use GPS to know what position the issued vehicles are in, what is the speed of the vehicle, faster or later, how the vehicles are distributed, and also can talk to the driver to understand the situation on the road, and take corresponding measures to ensure the normal turnover of vehicles. In addition, the bus company can realize a wide range of scheduling, that is, between the lines of vehicle scheduling, and not limited to the line within the vehicle scheduling.
Fleet management (logistics and transportation) applications, the main user is the emergence of "third-party logistics" to long-distance freight-oriented freight companies. In the automobile transportation industry, once the car is opened, it is difficult to manage and control exactly in the middle of the road; vehicles in transit by the influence of human factors, driving site time and route can not effectively respond to the transport time limit is difficult to be guaranteed; the vehicle's operating status, the technical status of the vehicle can not be monitored in real time and carry out effective management; in the case of a hazardous situation it is difficult to determine the vehicle's geographic location, timely communication of information and ensure safety. When there are dangerous situations, it is difficult to determine the geographic location of the vehicle, communicate information in time and ensure safety. In short, it is not possible to carry out scientific and standardized management of vehicle operation. Due to the inability of scientific dynamic real-time scheduling, it is difficult to fully rationalize the use of capacity. Can not understand the real-time location of the vehicle is difficult to determine the closest to the customer's vehicle to achieve dynamic monitoring.
With the help of GPS fleet management system, freight transportation companies can achieve the purpose of saving energy and increasing efficiency. First of all, it can strengthen the mastery of freight vehicles, completely solve the previous transportation in the "black hole problem", that is, in the consignment of goods, the owner does not know the end of the goods and can not be queried, and at the same time, can reduce the departure of the freight vehicles late, stopping on the way and other phenomena, to ensure that the transportation period. Secondly, it can realize the query of the relevant information of the freight transport department, so as to strengthen the adjustment of the empty car. Thirdly, it can greatly improve the flexibility and accuracy of freight transportation organization and command, and provide the basis for transportation command decision-making. Fourthly, it can graphicalize and visualize the cumbersome freight dispatching work, reduce the work intensity of the dispatching and commanding personnel and the workload of information exchange, improve the accuracy and efficiency of work, reduce the error rate of information exchange, and realize paperless office. Fifth, "transportation visualization" can improve the efficiency of the freight forwarding company, increase corporate income.
2, vehicle navigation system
GPS vehicle navigation system is a vehicle autonomous navigation system, GPS vehicle terminal in the GPS receiver through the reception and processing of GPS constellation signals to locate the vehicle and get the vehicle information, including the vehicle's dynamic coordinates of the location (latitude, longitude and altitude), time, status, etc., to the VCD / DVD CD-ROM or CF card as the media The electronic map provided shows the traveling track of the vehicle on the display. When approaching intersections, overpasses, tunnels and other special sections of the road can also be voice prompts to assist the driver in unfamiliar territory to quickly reach their destination.GPS vehicle navigation system can also provide the best driving route selection and route deviation alarm and other functions.
The GPS vehicle terminal in the GPS vehicle navigation system is more complex than the GPS vehicle terminal in the GPS vehicle monitoring system.
The GPS vehicle terminal in the GPS vehicle navigation system often provides electronic map information through the vehicle VCD/DVD or CF card to provide complete positioning and navigation information for the owner, while the GPS vehicle terminal in the GPS vehicle monitoring system can only obtain the help of the monitoring center through the wireless communication link to provide limited positioning and navigation information for the owner.
The GPS vehicle terminal in the GPS vehicle navigation system does not depend on the monitoring center and works independently, while the GPS vehicle terminal in the GPS vehicle monitoring system cannot be separated from the monitoring center, and does not work without the monitoring center.
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