White-eye disease
Causes: Caused by excessive feeding density, no timely water change, resulting in deterioration of the water quality, too alkaline and caused. The onset of the season is mostly in the spring and fall, and the spring after overwintering is the prevalent period. The disease is mostly seen in Brazilian colored turtles, tortoises, eye-spotted water turtles, tortoises, etc., and the incidence rate is higher in young turtles.
Symptoms: the eyes of the sick turtles are inflamed and congested, and gradually become grayish-white and gradually enlarged. Cornea and nasal mucosa due to ocular inflammation and erosion, serious blindness, breathing is blocked. The outer part of the eyeball is covered by white secretion and the eye cannot be opened. Diseased turtles often use the front limbs to rub the eyes, slow action, serious cases stop eating, and finally die of exhaustion due to weakness and other diseases. Some sick turtles in the early stage of the disease only one eye sick, if you do not take measures, soon the other eye also appeared symptoms.
Prevention and control: usually should change the water often, keep the water clean, and feed the nutritional drugs on time, in order to improve the turtle's own resistance. For turtles that are already sick, they should be kept separately, and the original feeding container should be sterilized by soaking in potassium permanganate solution for more than 30 minutes. For turtles kept in the same tank, if you find that some are already suffering from white eye disease, others can be soaked in furacilin (or furazolidone) solution. This is both a preventive measure and can be used as an early treatment. Juvenile turtles with 20 mg / liter concentration, juvenile turtles to adult turtles are used 30 mg / liter concentration, dipping time depends on the water temperature. If necessary, dip once a day (40 minutes), continuous dip 3-5 days.
For the less severe tortoise (can still open the eyes and can actively feed) can be immersed in a low concentration of salt water, or raised in 15 mg / liter of furacilin or furazolidone solution, a week or so can be cured. Or with a concentration of 30 mg / liter of the drug solution for 40 minutes a day, continuous immersion for about a week can be cured.
If the turtle's condition is more serious (refuses to eat and its eyes can no longer be opened), it should be soaked in a solution of antibiotics (containing 500-1000 units of antibiotics per milliliter) for more than one hour daily, and then the affected area should be coated with antimicrobial eye ointment, and placed in a dark place for keeping in order to promote the white secretion to fall off as soon as possible.
For tortoises with severe disease (eye erosion), first remove the white matter and white necrotic epidermis from the eye, and if it bleeds, continue to clean it. Then the turtle will be immersed in the liquid with vitamin B and hygromycin. The solution is prepared by putting 1/2 tablet of hygromycin and 2 tablets of vitamin B per 500 grams of water. There is a possibility of blindness in the eyes of sick turtles.
If treating green turtles, a 1% solution of furazolidone should be applied to the eyes, not by full body immersion.
Or use Madisonin dissolved in feed water, 1 tablet per glass goldfish tank, green turtles sick is appropriate to use this method. Streptomycin can also be used to dissolve in water, so that each 1 mg of water containing 100,000 -200,000 international units, suitable for the treatment of green turtles and other small bodies of water turtles, turtles, sick.
Mild white eye disease, most common in juvenile Brazil
Severe white eye disease, which can lead to blindness
Or
Nail rot
Cause: the shell is damaged or squeezed, so that germs invade into the turtle's armor, resulting in the ulceration of the shell.
Symptoms: The turtle's dorsal or ventral carapace initially appears white spots, slowly forming red spots, squeezed with blood and water oozing out, and a putrid odor. In severe cases, the surface of the carapace will ulcerate into holes, and the armpits and crotches will bulge. Sick turtles stop eating and move little, and there is a phenomenon of head shrinking. Four-eyed spotted water turtles, side-necked turtles, snake-necked turtles are very susceptible to this disease.
Prevention and control: the affected shield will be picked, squeeze the blood, remove the lesion, with salt or potassium permanganate crystal powder directly coated with the affected area, once a day, a week or so can be cured, but there will be permanent scars on the turtle armor.
Mild nail rot
Nail rot
Severe nail rot in Brazilian tortoises, where the carapace has ulcerated
Severe nail rot in Chinese tortoises, where the joints of the carapace have ulcerated
Or rotting nail disease
Causes: Carapace ulceration due to the bacterial invasion of the carapace after it has been subjected to abrasion. It can also be caused by mechanical damage, such as hard objects touching the carapace during field capture or transportation, or damage to the carapace caused by a fall from a height.
Symptoms: The surface of the carapace is ulcerated, and in severe cases, holes are formed and even muscle can be seen. The sick turtle stops eating or eats less.
Prevention and control: the sick turtle's lesions are removed, the affected area is scrubbed with hydrogen peroxide, and then potassium permanganate crystallized powder is applied directly to the affected area. For fresh wounds should be applied Yunnan Baiyao to stop bleeding, carefully bandaged and carefully conditioned.
Rotten nails: perforations have been formed and the internal bones can be seen.
Rotten armor due to hard injuries: the surface of the shield off the damage, it is very easy to cause germs invasion caused by rotting armor. Even if the disease is controlled, it is difficult to restore its original appearance.
Rotten nails due to bacterial infection of damaged shields
Rotten nails due to bacterial infection of damaged shields
Rotten nails due to wear and tear of the abdominal nails of saltwater turtles due to prolonged movement on hard surfaces
Rotten nails have been controlled but the cracks cannot be restored to their original appearance
or
Rotten Nail Disease
Cause: Nail ulceration due to bacterial invasion after the nail has been subjected to wear and tear. It can also be caused by receiving mechanical damage, such as being touched by a hard object while catching in the wild or while being transported, or by falling from a high place that causes damage to the armor.
Symptoms: The surface of the carapace is ulcerated, and in severe cases, holes are formed and even muscle can be seen. The sick turtle stops eating or eats less.
Prevention and control: the sick turtle's lesions are removed, the affected area is scrubbed with hydrogen peroxide, and then potassium permanganate crystallized powder is applied directly to the affected area. For fresh wounds should be applied Yunnan Baiyao to stop bleeding, carefully bandaged and carefully conditioned.
Rotten nails: perforations have been formed and the internal bones can be seen.
Rotten armor due to hard injuries: the surface of the shield off the damage, it is very easy to cause germs invasion caused by rotting armor. Even if the disease is controlled, it is difficult to restore its original appearance.
Rotting nail due to bacterial infection of damaged shield
Rotting nail due to bacterial infection of damaged shield
Rotting nail due to wear and tear of the plastron of the saltwater turtle caused by prolonged activity on hard surfaces
Rotting nail is under control, but the cracked area can not be restored to its original appearance
Or
Nail rot
Cause: Damage to or crushing of the armor allows the disease to invade the turtle's armor, causing it to fester.
Symptoms: The turtle's dorsal or ventral carapace initially appears white spots, slowly forming red spots, squeezed with blood and water oozing out, and a putrid odor. In severe cases, the surface of the carapace will ulcerate into holes, and the armpits and crotches will bulge. Sick turtles stop eating and move little, and there is a phenomenon of head shrinking. Four-eyed spotted water turtles, side-necked turtles, snake-necked turtles are very susceptible to this disease.
Prevention and treatment: pick the affected shield, squeeze the blood, remove the lesion, use salt or potassium permanganate crystal powder directly coated with the affected area, once a day, about a week can be cured, but there will be permanent scars on the turtle armor.
Or
Nail rot
Cause: due to the damage or extrusion of the shell, so that the germs invade the turtle shell, resulting in shell ulceration.
Symptoms: The turtle's dorsal or ventral carapace initially appears white spots, slowly forming red spots, squeezed with blood and water oozing out, and a putrid odor. In severe cases, the surface of the carapace will ulcerate into holes, and the armpits and crotches will bulge. Sick turtles stop eating and move little, and there is a phenomenon of head shrinking. Four-eyed spotted water turtles, side-necked turtles, snake-necked turtles are very susceptible to this disease.
Prevention and treatment: pick the affected shield, squeeze the blood, remove the lesion, use salt or potassium permanganate crystal powder directly coated with the affected area, once a day, about a week can be cured, but there will be permanent scars on the turtle armor.
Or
Nail rot
Cause: due to the damage or extrusion of the shell, so that the germs invade the turtle shell, resulting in shell ulceration.
Symptoms: The turtle's dorsal or ventral carapace initially appears white spots, slowly forming red spots, squeezed with blood and water oozing out, and a putrid odor. In severe cases, the surface of the carapace will ulcerate into holes, and the armpits and crotches will bulge. Sick turtles stop eating and move little, and there is a phenomenon of head shrinking. Four-eyed spotted water turtles, side-necked turtles, snake-necked turtles are very susceptible to this disease.
Prevention and control: the affected area of the shield, squeeze the blood, remove the lesion, with salt or potassium permanganate crystal powder directly coated with the affected area, once a day, a week or so can be cured, but there will be permanent scars on the turtle armor.