1. Asset class
(1) cash
Each cash is divided into two categories of RMB and foreign exchange.
Accounting for cash on hand in the hotel, find the number of reserves and petty cash reserves.
Set up a "cash journal", according to the receipt and payment vouchers, in accordance with the order of occurrence of the business, registered on a daily basis.
(2) bank deposits
Accounting for all kinds of deposits placed in the bank by the hotel.
"According to the RMB, foreign currencies (mainly converted to U.S. dollars) and other different currencies deposited in different banks, respectively, set up" bank deposit journal "according to the receipt and payment vouchers day by day registration, balance.
The use of RMB as the unit of account, deposits in dollars or other foreign currencies, while registering the amount of foreign currencies, according to the bank exchange rate on the day of the conversion of RMB registration.
(3) Accounts receivable
Accounting for the amount owed by the other party in the operating income of hotel commercial buildings, apartment residential buildings, restaurants, shopping malls and their ancillary projects.
Sub-travel agencies, companies, units, guest accounts, credit cards, tenants, street accounts and other different types of items, set up sub-accounts by groups or individuals.
Set up a person responsible for collection of accounts, the accounts can not be recovered must identify the reasons for accountability, and obtain relevant certificates. Reported to the CFO and the general manager for approval, transferred to bad debt losses.
(4) other receivables
Accounting for other receivables not included in the accounts receivable, including deposits, insurance compensation payable.
Prepare monthly schedules for accounting by different currencies and debtors.
(5) Amortized expenses
Accounting for expenses that have been incurred, but should be borne by the current and future periods respectively, such as holding amortized insurance premiums.
For the payment of a small amount, not more than the amount of RMB how much (set by the hotel) below the expenses, not included in this account.
Each amortized expense is generally spread over 12 months.
(6) inventory accounting
Restaurant production of food with raw materials, oil flavor, semi-finished products, cigarettes, alcohol, beverages and other inventory commodities and deposited in the warehouse temporarily unclaimed materials, supplies, and packaging for the sale of food and a variety of packaging containers in reserve.
All types of inventory according to the different categories of warehouses set up special management, according to the name of the item set up ledger registration, regular inventory.
(7) other current assets and other current assets that do not belong to the above six subjects are accounted for in this account.
According to the different types or items, prepare monthly schedules for accounting.
(8) Fixed Assets
Account for the original cost of all fixed assets.
The so-called fixed assets are houses, buildings, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment and other equipment with a useful life of more than one year or a unit price of more than how much RMB (set by the hotel).
The first batch of purchased business equipment, such as cloth, porcelain glassware, gold and silverware, etc., although in the amount of RMB (set by the hotel) below, also belongs to the fixed assets.
(9) Accumulated depreciation
Accounting for fixed assets to extract the fixed asset depreciation amount standard, according to the project to extract the amount of depreciation, and set up a registration card registration.
In accordance with the spirit of the cooperative business contract, the depreciation amount withdrawn each month is prioritized for the return of capital.
(10) start-up costs (refers to new hotels)
Accounting for the expenses paid to prepare for the business. This account is amortized over how many months after opening by the hotel. The funds from the monthly amortization are prioritized for reimbursement to investors.
(11) other deferred charges
Accounting for the payment of a large amount of money, the effect of a longer period of time, should not be made for the current period of the full burden of the costs, such as equipment maintenance costs, advertising costs, fixed assets before the repayment of principal and interest before the renewal.
The amount of each item usually exceeds RMB100,000 or is determined by the hotel.
Expenses are carried forward on a project-by-project basis, depending on the timing of collection.
2. Liabilities
(1) Accounts payable
Accounting for the purchase of equipment, supplies, food raw materials used in the restaurant, beverages and acceptance of labor supply and arrears.
The transactions are large and frequent transactions between units, according to the different currencies and units set up separate ledgers.
(2) wages payable
Accounting for all kinds of wages payable to employees during the period, including fixed wages, variable wages, bonuses and subsidies.
Accounted for by the sub-ledger of wages payable.
(3) Taxes payable
Account for all kinds of taxes payable, such as uniform industrial and commercial tax, income tax, license tax and so on.
According to the type of tax to set up a ledger to register.
(4) Other accounts payable and tax accounting
Accounts payable, tax payable other than the other accounts payable, including fees payable, compensation payable, deposits, all kinds of temporary receipts in advance.
Prepare monthly schedules for accounting by different categories, currencies and creditors.
(5) withholding costs
Accounting for the withholding of costs, expenses and the actual has not yet been paid a lump sum payment of how much money within the scope of the various expenditures. Exceeding the scope must be authorized by the unit or person in charge.
According to the nature of the expenses to set up sub-ledgers.
(6) social labor insurance fund
Accounting for social labor insurance fund withdrawn in accordance with the provisions. This account should be earmarked.
(7) to be returned to the investment
This account for the loan account, for the accounting of the current year should be returned to the number of investment, the amount should be remitted but not yet remitted.
3. Capital class
(1) paid-in capital
Accounting for total capital.
Set up a ledger according to the investor's name.
(2) Returned capital
This is a debit account, which is used to return the same amount of undistributed earnings plus depreciation of fixed assets and marketing start-up costs each year, and the cumulative amount is the total amount of returned capital.
(3) Profit for the year
Accounts for the total profit (or loss) realized during the year.
Annual settlement of operating income, operating costs, expenses, exchange gains and losses and non-operating income and expenses of the balance of each section were transferred to this account, in this account out of the current year's realized profits (or losses), and finally the balance will be transferred to the "undistributed profits".
(4) distribution of profits
Accounting for the distribution of hotel profits and the balance of the profit distribution in previous years.
4. Profit and Loss
(1) Operating Income
Accounting for the hotel's operating range of business income.
Operating income is divided into:
Hotel income: rooms, meals, rental cars, laundry, ballroom, games, music cafe, telephone, telex, gym, sauna, billiards, tennis, bowling, concert hall, beauty center.
Income from residential buildings: rents from the rental of high-class apartments and other income from the building.
Income from commercial buildings: rental of offices and other income from the building.
Income from shopping malls: income from self-owned shopping malls, rental of shopping malls and other income from shopping malls.
Other income: income not listed above is classified as other income.
(2) Business Taxes
According to the different tax rates of each business income, account for the industrial and commercial unified tax, land use fees and other fees and taxes payable during the period.
According to the various business taxes are recorded in separate accounts.
(3) Direct cost of business department
Account for direct cost expenses paid in the course of business.
(4) business sector direct costs
Accounting can be divided into various departments incurred expenses.
According to the division of operating income of each department as a subheading and line item of this project.
In addition to the subheading "Salaries and Related Expenses", the other subheadings in the direct expenses of each department are named according to the different nature and needs of each department or business.
(5) Salaries and Related Expenses of Non-Operating Departments
All salaries and related expenses of administrative and general departments, such as Marketing (Public **** Relationships "Sales") Department, Property Operation and Maintenance Department, are classified under this item.
Other indirect costs: e.g. administrative and general costs, marketing costs, property operation and maintenance costs, energy supply costs.
The subheads of the above four categories of expenses will be named separately according to their different nature and needs.
(6) Non-operating Income and Expenditure
Exchange Gains and Losses: To account for exchange gains and losses due to exchange rate differences and to realize them. Changes in the exchange rate, the book balance of each account in the relevant foreign currency will not be adjusted.
Insurance premiums, interest on borrowed funds: housing and internal insurance costs and the normal operation of the interest required for the expenditure (available bank deposit interest income offset this account).
Gain or loss on the sale of assets: accounting for the early retirement or sale of fixed assets in the unit price of how much money (set by the hotel) above the net proceeds from the realization of the net value of the fixed assets and the difference between the net value of the fixed assets.
(7) marketing start-up costs
Accounting for the start-up costs incurred in preparation for the opening of the monthly share.
Amortization of start-up costs proposed in the hotel's operating activities funds for the return of invested capital.
(8) depreciation of fixed assets
Accounting for the depreciation of fixed assets on a monthly basis.
The funds withdrawn for depreciation are usually used to return invested capital.
(9) Investment interest
Account for interest payable on a periodic basis based on the total investment.
The amount of interest withdrawn is used to return interest on capital.
Accounting entries:
1. When the investor puts in capital or equity:
Borrow: bank deposits/fixed assets/raw materials/inventory goods
Taxes payable - value-added tax (input tax)
Credits: paid-in capital (equity)
Capital surplus - capital premium (equity premium)
2. Fixed assets renovation:
Borrow: construction in progress
Credit: bank deposits
Borrow: Fixed assets - renovation
Credit: Construction in progress
A reasonable method of depreciation should be used in subsequent periods.
The second renovation should be the first renovation for the depreciation of the balance of the one-time transfer to non-operating expenditures:
Borrow: non-operating expenditures
Loan: Fixed Assets - Renovation
3. Other expenses incurred in the period of the opening of the business
Borrow: administrative expenses
Credit: bank deposits
4. Hotel assets - fixed assets, inventory, low value consumables, etc.
Raw materials can be based on the planned cost can also be based on the actual cost
According to the actual cost of materials issued by the available issuance of the valuation method there are two kinds of:
1. Individual valuation method
2. Weighted average method
Borrow: raw materials - food raw materials (clearing households)
Loan: raw materials - food raw materials
Bank deposits
There are scraps of raw materials net material unit price = () Cost of raw materials before sorting and finishing - the amount of scraps) / weight of net materials after sorting and finishing
One of the unit price does not have information on the unit price of net materials = (the cost of raw materials before sorting and finishing - the sum of the cost of the other net materials) / the weight of the net materials
No pricing of scraps net materials unit price = the total cost of raw materials for sorting and finishing / weight of net materials after sorting and finishing
Cost coefficients method
Cost factor = unit cost of a raw material net material/unit cost of a raw material gross material
Unit cost of a raw material net material = unit cost of a raw material gross material * cost factor
Borrow: commissioned materials
or raw materials - commissioned processing of raw materials
Credit: bank deposits
Cash on hand
Borrow: raw materials - a type of finished goods
Raw materials - a type of surplus materials
Loan: entrusted processing materials
Credit: entrusted processing materials
< p>or raw materials-commissioned commissioned processing of raw materialsThere are three approaches to fuel:
1. actual consumption method
2. quota consumption method
3. backward squeezing consumption method
Borrow: the main operating costs
Administrative expenses (other departments to receive)
Credit: Raw Materials - Fuel
Materials: Office Supplies, Souvenirs
Down Payment
Borrow: Prepayment
Credit: Bank Deposit
Borrow: Raw Materials - Material Supplies
Credit: Bank Deposit
Credit: Raw Materials - Fuel -Material Supplies
Credit: Prepayment
Borrow: Prepayment
Credit: Bank Deposit
Pre-Order Delivery and Collection
Borrow: Raw Material - Material Supplies
Loan: Accounts Payable<
Or bank deposits
When receiving
Borrow: Administrative expenses
Selling expenses
Loan: Raw materials - material supplies
Packaging
Borrow: Turnover materials - packaging
Borrow: Working materials -Packaging
Credit: bank deposits
Bills payable Accounts payable
Packaging purchased with the goods do not need to be accounted for separately price included in the purchase of goods
Beer bottles, such as the recovery of packaging a business recovery of their own reuse
The second generation of other units to recover their own reuse of packaging recycling, deemed to be Packaging purchased its accounting and separate purchase of the same because it does not belong to the enterprise in the register in the 'other receivables' accounting
Packaged lunch boxes recently carried forward
Borrow: selling expenses
Credit: working capital materials - packaging
With the sale of food alone valuation
Borrow: Bank Deposit
Credit: Other Business Income
Borrow: Other Business Costs
Credit: Working Capital Materials - Packaging
Borrow: Low Value Consumables
Credit: Bank Deposit
Amortization of Low Value Consumables
One-time amortization method
Borrow: Administrative expenses
Selling expenses
Loan: Low-value consumables
Split amortization method
Borrow: Low-value consumables - in use
Loan: Low-value consumables - in stock
Loan: Low-value consumables - in stock
Loan: Low-value consumables - in use
Loan: Low-value consumables - in stock -in-stock
Borrow: selling expenses
Administrative expenses
Credit: low-value consumables - amortization
Borrow: low-value consumables - amortization
Credit: Low-value consumables - in use
Repair of low-value consumables
Borrow: Administrative expenses
Selling expenses
Credit: Bank deposits
Amortization of scrapping if there is any salvage
Borrow: Raw materials
Cash on hand
Bank deposits
Credit: Selling expenses
Administrative expenses
Fixed Assets
1. Purchase
Borrow: Fixed Assets
Loan: Bank Deposits
2. Self-construction
Debit: Prepaid Accounts
Loan: Bank Deposits
Loan: Fixed Assets
Credit: Fixed Assets
Loan: Fixed Assets
Loan: Fixed Assets
Loan: Fixed Assets
Loan: Prepayment
3. Investor input
Borrow: Fixed Assets
Loan: Paid-in Capital
4. Lease-in
Prepaid Rent
Loan: Other Receivables
Loan: Bank Deposit
Amortization
Loan: Overhead Expense
Selling expenses
Loan: other receivables
Inventory recorded value = market price of similar fixed assets - depreciation of estimated newness
Disposal
Borrow: fixed asset cleanup
Provision for impairment of fixed assets
Accumulated depreciation
Loan: Fixed assets
Cleaning up costs
< p>Borrow: Fixed Asset CleanupLoan: Bank Deposit
Revenue
Borrow: Raw Material
Bank Deposit
Other Receivable - Claims
Loan: Fixed Asset Cleanup
Net Income
Preparation Period
Borrow: fixed assets liquidation
Loan: administrative expenses - start-up expenses
Production period
Borrow: fixed assets liquidation
Loan: non-operating income
Net loss
Preparation period
Borrow: Administrative Expenses - Start-up Expenses
Loan: Fixed Asset Liquidation
Period of Production and Operation
Borrow: Non-Operating Expenses - Extraordinary Losses
-. -Net Loss on Disposal of Fixed Assets
Loan: Fixed Asset Liquidation
Operating Lease Out of Fixed Assets
Loan: Other Operating Costs
Loan: Accumulated Depreciation of Investment Properties
Bank Deposit
Loan: Bank Deposits
Loan: Other Operating Income
Fixed assets depreciation method
Average life method (straight-line method), workload method, sum-of-the-years method and double-declining-balance method depreciation method can not be arbitrarily changed once selected
Borrowing: administrative expenses
Expenses of goods sold
Other operating costs
Projects in progress
Loan: Accumulated Depreciation
1. counter uniform ticket
2. waiter invoicing
3. dining first after settlement
4. one hand to pay the other hand delivery
food to the waiter sales by the two sides of the production and sales of the registration of the number of the end of the business by the waiter to carry out an inventory checking, which is calculated by the formula is as follows:
Quantity of sales = stock at work + production or withdrawals for the shift - end of shift stock
Sales amount to be recovered = quantity of sales * unit price
Fixed expenses refers to the hotel and hostel a month of all the fixed expenditures, such as rent, staff wages, management costs, etc.
Variable expenses refers to the guests to stay in the room, the water consumption, electricity, and consumables. Because [room revenue = room rate * number of rooms, variable expenditure = variable expenditure * number of rooms, then, the capital preservation rate is
Capital preservation rate = capital preservation of rooms / (the number of rooms * 30)
Capital preservation of rooms = fixed expenditure / (room rate - variable expenditure)
Issue of raw materials
Borrowing: the main cost of doing business
Credit: raw materials
1. perpetual inventory system
Cost of raw materials consumed = kitchen balance at the beginning of the month + the amount of the month's consumption - kitchen inventory at the end of the month
Kitchen inventory at the beginning of the month and the amount of the month's consumption, you can get from the raw materials or the main operating cost account of the relevant items, kitchen inventory at the end of the month according to the inventory table on the work in progress, manufactured goods, some of which should be calculated in accordance with the quota of ingredients and the book value of the conversion, and the cost of goods is calculated in accordance with the inventory table. The accounting department will be the end of the month the remaining semi-finished products and finished goods for sale inventory sheet instead of the return of material does not move the kitchen in kind to deal with the false return of material
2. field inventory system
The cost of raw materials consumed during the month = raw materials at the beginning of the month warehouses and kitchens balance + the total amount of purchases for the month - the total amount of end-of-month warehouses and kitchens inventory
Raw materials costs including food and beverage products The raw material cost includes the main ingredients, ingredients, seasonings and the reasonable loss of these raw materials. In the value of the composition, including the purchase price of raw materials, transportation and miscellaneous charges, storage costs and related taxes, raw materials, ingredients is the main cost of food and beverage products, must first be from the accounting of the main ingredients, ingredients cost to start, unprocessed raw materials known as gross, processed raw materials known as the net
1. raw materials unit cost = (gross - scraps of gross - scrap of gross) / net material weight
2. raw materials unit cost = (gross - scrap of gross - waste total) / net material weight
2. raw materials unit cost = (gross - scrap of gross - waste total) / net material weight
2. raw materials unit cost = (gross - scrap of gross - waste total) / net material weight
3. /p>
2. unflavored semi-finished products cost = (gross value of raw materials - total value of scraps - total value of waste) / weight of unflavored semi-finished products
flavored semi-finished products cost = (gross value of raw materials - total value of scraps - total value of waste + total value of seasoning) / weight of seasoned semi-finished products
One material, one grade
one kind of scrap that can not be utilized for sale
The other kind of scrap can be utilized for sale
The other kind of raw material can be utilized for sale. One kind of offcuts can be utilized at a price
Unit cost of semi-manufactured products that cannot be utilized at a price=Total cost of purchased raw materials/weight of processed semi-manufactured products
Unit cost of semi-manufactured products if there are offcuts that can be utilized at a price=(Total cost of purchased raw materials-amount of offcuts)/weight of processed semi-manufactured products
One ingredient, multiple grades
Semi-finished products Unit cost = (total value of purchased raw materials - the sum of the value of other semi-finished products) / the weight of the semi-finished product
Spices are divided into single and composite
Composite spices unit cost = (cost of seasoning 1 + cost of seasoning 2 + ---) / composite spices unit cost = (cost of seasoning 1 + cost of seasoning 2 + ---) ---------)/total weight of composite condiment
Seasoning production method, there are two types of food and beverage products 1 single piece 2 batch
Single piece of seasoning cost = using material 1 dosage * unit price + using material 2 dosage * unit price + ----- -------
Spice apportioned to individual dishes in a batch = cost of spice produced in a batch/number of dishes made
Accounting for the cost of finished dishesRaw material cost per unit of product=main ingredient cost+ingredient cost+seasoning cost
Labor cost per unit of dish=wage and salary of relevant personnel/total number of dishes
Labor cost per unit of dish=wage and salary of relevant personnel*(cost of ingredients for a dish/cost of ingredients for various dishes)/number of servings of the dish Number of servings
Labor cost per unit of dish = related personnel wages * (the average production time of a dish / the sum of the average production time of various dishes) / the number of servings of the dish
Cost of a single dish per unit of product = cost of half of the unit of product + cost of labor per unit of product
Food and beverage products selling price development
1. Gross profit margin method
Selling price = cost of raw materials / (1 - gross profit margin)
Gross profit margin = gross profit / selling price
2. Gross cost margin method of cost plus a determined amount of gross cost margin method of calculating the selling price
Gross cost margin = gross profit / cost price * 100%
3. The two methods together
Gross cost margin = Gross profit margin on sales / (1 - gross profit margin on sales)
Calculation of business tax
Tax payable = Operating income * Applicable tax rate
City construction or education surcharge tax = (Actual VAT paid + Actual consumption tax paid + Actual business tax paid) * Applicable tax rate
Property tax 1 ad valorem 2 rent-based
Borrow: Administrative expenses
Credit: Taxes payable - property tax
-Land use tax
-Vehicle and vessel tax
Borrow: Taxes Payable - Property Tax
- Land Use Tax
- Vehicle and Vessel Tax
Credit: Bank Deposit
Double Fixed Households Taxation also known as C taxpayers to pay business tax on a regular and fixed basis
1. Double-fixed households break-even method (cost determination method)
Monthly turnover = total monthly costs / (gross profit margin - levy rate)
2. Gross profit margin determination method of the business turnover and gross profit margins subject to market constraints tends to the average number of the Tax Administration, a deemed to be the same as the recognition of the one-year period is not adjusted in general
Employee compensation Accounting
Allocated to the trade union organization trade union funds
Borrow: payable compensation - trade union funds
Loan: bank deposits
Cash on hand
Borrow: selling expenses
Administrative expenses
Construction in progress
Construction in progress
Construction in progress
Construction in progress
Construction in progress
Construction in progress
Credit: Employee Compensation Payable - Health Insurance- Pension Insurance
- Unemployment Insurance
--Social insurance
--Housing fund
--Basic salary
- -Trade Union Funds
Borrow: Employee Compensation Payable - Medical Insurance
- Pension Insurance, etc.
Credit: Bank Deposits
Other Receivables (borne by employees) Personal expenses)
Provision for bad debts at a certain percentage
Borrow: Asset Impairment Loss
Loan: Provision for Bad Debts
Bad Debt Losses Recognition
1. 1. Due to the bankruptcy and death of the debtor, the debtor can not be recovered after paying the debt with his bankruptcy property or inheritance
2. 2. Due to the withdrawal of debtor units, insolvency or cash flow Serious shortage of cash flow, really can not be recovered
3. Due to serious natural disasters and other causes of the debtor unit to stop production in a short period of time will not be able to pay the debt, really can not be recovered
4. Due to the debtor failed to fulfill the obligation to pay the debt for more than three years after the verification of the debt is really no repayment to recover
Borrow: provision for bad debts
Loan: accounts receivable
Operating profit = operating income - operating costs
Operating profit = operating income - operating costs Profit = Operating Income - Operating Costs - Operating Taxes and Surcharges - Selling Expenses - Administrative Expenses - Finance Costs - Impairment Loss on Assets + Gain on Changes in Fair Value (- Loss on Changes in Fair Value) + Gain on Investments
Net Profit = Operating Profit - Income Tax
There are two types of differences in the amount of income tax payable and operating There are two kinds of differences between income tax and operating profit:
1. permanent differences (no adjustment is needed) 2. temporary differences
Taxable amount of income tax = total income - non-taxable income - tax-exempted income - various deductions - losses of previous years