First, "access to navigation" theme: including the transportation industry (ports, highways, railroads, logistics), railroad construction and related equipment, aviation services, equipment, the entire The first one is the transportation industry (ports, highways, railroads, logistics), railway construction and related equipment, aviation services, equipment, and aircraft production. In the construction of the "Belt and Road", transportation is a priority area of development, in order to accelerate the enhancement of China's transportation infrastructure connectivity with neighboring countries, and the formation of regional transportation integration.
The transportation industry (ports, highways, railroads, logistics) will take the lead in directly benefiting from the completion of the Asia-Europe transport corridor, creating conditions for driving regional economic development, will accelerate the promotion of highways, railroads, civil aviation, maritime and other modes of transport interconnection, throughput will be significantly increased. The New Eurasian Continental Bridge, which connects Lianyungang to the Port of Rotterdam, will strengthen its backbone role in international land transportation. China will also make every effort to build an integrated mode of transportation by sea, land and air with ASEAN, China's third largest trading partner: by sea - linking China and Southeast Asian countries with port cities on the sea; by inland waterways - China's contribution to the construction of the Lancang-Mekong River to create a golden waterway; and by highways - the South (Ningxia) and South (Nanjing) rivers. The Nanning-Manggu and Kunming-Manggu highways have been opened, and two horizontal and two vertical highway corridors are being formed in Southeast Asia; Railway - China plans to build the Pan-Southeast Asian Railway to link Southeast Asian land countries, with Kunming and Nanning as the starting point.
Transportation infrastructure construction and operation "going out" will also drive the growth of railroad construction and related equipment, aviation services, equipment and machine production and other industries.
China's ports have a wealth of experience in infrastructure construction and operation, railroad construction "going out" to other infrastructure companies to go out to provide a good model. At the same time, the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" in Southeast Asia and South Asia, there is a strong demand for the construction of large ports, these areas of high-quality enterprises there are construction and operation of "going out" good prospects.
Particularly in the railroad construction, breaking through the national boundaries of the "Eurasian Railway Network Plan", will also stimulate the development of railroad construction. According to incomplete statistics, the current intention of the railroad project has reached 0.5 million kilometers, and 81,000 kilometers of the Eurasian railroad network planning goals compared with a huge space.
Two, "infrastructure industry chain" theme: including the construction industry (construction and infrastructure projects), equipment manufacturing (equipment and supporting equipment manufacturing), infrastructure materials (iron and steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, etc.).
From the demand side, "Belt and Road" along the countries, whether from the point of view of domestic demand or future regional economic cooperation, these countries for infrastructure construction needs are extremely strong. Countries along the "Belt and Road" due to financial constraints, infrastructure investment spending is insufficient, generally showing the status quo of backward infrastructure - GDP per capita, per capita highway mileage, per capita railroad mileage and other indicators are far lower than our country, countries along the routes of Asia and Africa than China have 10% and 20% urbanization to enhance the space respectively. The countries along the routes in Asia and Africa have 10% and 20% more room for urbanization than China, and China can export a large amount of experience, products and services accumulated in the process of urbanization. From the domestic point of view, the density of railroads, highways and expressways in the northwestern provinces and regions in the country are ranked in the back, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu in the bottom five, Ningxia, Shaanxi in the middle and back level, in order to realize the "Belt and Road" between the countries of the infrastructure docking, investment in the field of infrastructure in the northwestern part of China's urban construction, transportation networks and other infrastructure has a lot of space. The space.
From the supply side, along with the growth rate of fixed asset investment downgrade, China's construction industry and manufacturing industry overcapacity problem is becoming more and more serious, "infrastructure output" can significantly ease the construction industry, manufacturing industry, product demand pressure. In the "Belt and Road" strategic background, China's participation in the establishment of the "BRICS Development Bank" and "Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank", to a large extent, indicating that China's increased The strategic concept of foreign infrastructure investment business.
According to the estimation that the overall infrastructure investment accounts for about 5% of the GDP, the demand for infrastructure along the "Belt and Road" may reach 1.05 trillion U.S. dollars per year, while China's foreign contracting turnover in 2013 only amounted to 0.14 trillion U.S. dollars, accounting for only 13% of the total. Subjective willingness and objective conditions to form a synergy, the future of China's construction and manufacturing enterprises "going out" will greatly accelerate the pace of overseas markets, the vast prospects for industrial expansion will gradually open.
In the "Belt and Road" strategic policy support, foreign engineering contracting and construction enterprises "going out" can form a larger export pull, effectively hedging the decline in domestic demand, thus driving the entire "infrastructure industry chain". Infrastructure industry chain".
At present, the global economic recovery is slow, the domestic economy is also facing a difficult transition, the global trade environment is not good, the pursuit of export growth is prone to cause a lot of friction and contradictions, and foreign investment is more easily accepted, foreign investment to start the external demand is a better choice than exports. The use of construction enterprises to export, can drive the domestic design, consulting, manufacturing, materials, labor, finance, insurance, services, and other industries to export, hedge against the decline in domestic demand. Different from the usual low-cost and low value-added foreign trade exports, construction companies "go out" way to effectively drive China's higher value-added products, such as mechanical and electrical products, in line with the national industrial upgrading goals.
Three, "energy construction" theme: including China's oil and gas imports of pipeline construction-related industries, power station construction, power equipment.
Expanding a stable import route for oil and gas resources is an important strategic goal of the "Belt and Road". In recent years, China's demand for oil and gas resources in the rapid increase, but China's oil and gas resources imports are mainly through the Strait of Malacca sea and land transportation, access to a single way, energy security is more vulnerable to threats, expanding new ways of importing oil and gas resources is very urgent.
"Energy construction" under the theme of building China's land-based energy channel strategy, will directly benefit China's oil and gas imports of pipeline construction-related industries. Central Asian countries bordering Xinjiang are extremely rich in oil and gas resources, second only to the Middle East, the second richest region in oil and gas resources. At present, China's imports from Central Asia and Russia's oil volume is still low, natural gas imports from Central Asia in recent years is rising. With the popularization of natural gas, the rapid growth of domestic demand, imports from Central Asia through Xinjiang will continue to increase.
Future, in order to meet the new imports of transportation needs, Xinjiang will build a number of energy pipelines, to build China's land energy channel. Supporting oil pipelines, natural gas pipelines, power grids and road transportation, these areas are bound to usher in further benefits.
Demand-side view, "Belt and Road" along the developing countries of the extremely low level of electricity consumption, huge space for development. According to the 2013 power consumption statistics, the per capita annual power consumption of non-OECD countries along the "Belt and Road" is only about 1,655.52KWH, while the per capita annual power consumption of OECD countries during the same period is about 7,579.49KWH, which is only 21.84% of the latter. Therefore, from the point of view of power consumption alone, the non-OECD countries along the "Belt and Road" will have a great deal of room for growth in the future level of power consumption, accompanied by an increase in the consumption of electricity, will inevitably lead to the power investment in these countries, which will bring about a huge demand for electrical equipment.
Because of the weak domestic manufacturing industry in these countries, the main countries involved in the "Belt and Road" rely heavily on imports of electrical equipment. The overall import ratio of the above countries is about 56.73%, according to this ratio and combined with the "Belt and Road" involved in the region's future investment trends can be calculated that, in the period of 2014 ~ 2020, the "Belt and Road" along the region of non-OECD countries have an annual average of about 1,396,000,000 tons of electrical equipment. In the period of 2014~2020, the non-OECD countries along the "Belt and Road" will have an average annual demand of 139.606 billion U.S. dollars or more for electrical equipment imports, and China's electric power enterprises are likely to share this huge overseas market in the future.
Supply-side point of view, at this stage, China's electrical equipment production capacity is obviously overcapacity. 2013, China's power generation equipment production of about 120 million kilowatts, accounting for about 60% of the world's total, while China's average annual installed capacity level of only 50 million to 60 million kilowatts, a serious overcapacity, so China's electrical equipment enterprises have "go to sea! "Digesting these production capacity of the urgent requirements.
China's electrical equipment technology level in many areas have been among the world's advanced level, with a competitive advantage in the international market. At present, China's hydropower projects and equipment in the international are very competitive, the world's hydropower projects in about 80% of the construction of Chinese enterprises. In the photovoltaic market, the conversion rate of China's solar cell products in the international advanced level, and export modules accounted for about 60% of the global market share.
Through the "Belt and Road" strategy is gradually unfolding, China's electrical equipment to go out of the pace will be further accelerated, China's electrical equipment in the "Belt and Road" along the region of the non-OECD countries to occupy about 40% of the market share should be expected. Market share should be expected. According to this ratio, China's electrical equipment enterprises in the "Belt and Road" along the country's total exports in 2014 ~ 2020 may reach 98.435 billion U.S. dollars / year or so, which will make China's electrical equipment enterprises benefit greatly.
Four, "business and culture" theme: trade and cultural tourism industry.
Long-term, road connectivity, trade connectivity is also accompanied by cultural communication, "Silk Road" since ancient times is the embodiment of cultural exchange, the content of its exchanges and cooperation covers culture, tourism, education and other human activities. Cultivating international high-quality tourism routes and tourism products with the characteristics of the Silk Road can actively promote trade in specialty services and develop modern service trade. The movement of people will also strengthen the development of special tourism products, cultural products, folk customs, tourist routes and intangible cultural heritage projects in countries and regions along the route, and tourism enterprises can carry out tourism management collaboration, tourism business cooperation, tourism charter routes, tourism investment and trade, and tourism service procurement.
From the perspective of policy support, the cultural tourism industry will also usher in new growth space along with the promotion of the overall strategy of the "Belt and Road".
Fifth, the theme of "information industry": to seize the trend of digitalization of the economies of all countries, and speed up China's information products and services to go global.
"Connectivity" is to strengthen the construction of all-round infrastructure, which not only consists of the construction of transportation infrastructure such as highways, railroads, aviation and ports, but also includes communication infrastructure such as the Internet, telecommunication networks and the Internet of Things. The depth of interoperability between the "Belt and Road" countries will put forward higher requirements for information infrastructure, which constitutes a major benefit for China's communications industry, especially for communications infrastructure providers such as Huawei, ZTE and Xinwei, which have already successfully "gone out".
China's communications equipment industry as a "go out" strategy of the forerunner, in the world's top five telecom system equipment vendors have occupied two seats, Huawei's sales revenue has exceeded Ericsson jumped to the first. At present, Huawei's overseas revenue accounted for more than 70%, ZTE's overseas revenue accounted for 50%, Fiberhome also has 10% of revenue from overseas. The global competitiveness of China's telecommunications system equipment manufacturers, for the implementation of the "Belt and Road" strategic plan in the construction of communications infrastructure provides an important foundation.
Thinking back to the first round of Chinese enterprises "going out", Huawei, ZTE and Xinwei and other companies to benefit from the State Council to support the export of advantageous equipment preferential policies, one after another to obtain tens of billions of dollars of scale of the State Development Bank of the buyer's credit financing support, so as to take advantage of the market in Africa, Latin America, Eastern Europe and other emerging countries to expand; Now Chinese enterprises have ushered in the second round of "going out" strategic opportunities, on the one hand, the global economy's digitalization trend means that the "Belt and Road" countries there is a sustained growth in information infrastructure construction space; on the other hand, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, On the other hand, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, Silk Road Fund and other financing institutions will actively finance overseas information infrastructure. ZTE, Huawei and other "go out" strategy has been implemented and achieved a good overseas layout of the front-runner, as well as ICT field has begun to expand overseas companies, will usher in a major industrial opportunity.
Sixth, the theme of free trade zone construction: In addition to the industry ushered in the development of opportunities, the free trade zone strategy will also be the "Belt and Road" strategy to produce positive interaction.
The "Belt and Road" plan will promote the construction of economic corridors in the form of promoting the construction of FTZs or port areas, and China is currently promoting a series of FTZ negotiations, and is gradually building a network of high-standard FTZs radiating the "Belt and Road". The "Belt and Road" and FTA construction are "two sides of the same coin, supporting each other", and will *** together constitute China's new opening-up pattern, with the former focusing on infrastructure as a precursor to promote connectivity among economies along the routes, and the latter on lowering the threshold of trade and improving the level of trade facilitation to accelerate the economic development of the region. The former focuses on promoting the connectivity of the economies along the routes with infrastructure as the spearhead, while the latter takes reducing trade thresholds and improving trade facilitation levels to accelerate the integration of the economies within the region as the main content. The connection and interaction between the "Belt and Road" strategy and domestic FTZs are as follows:
1. FTZs are the carriers for early and pilot implementation under the new opening pattern of the "Belt and Road". It promotes the development of port economy and free trade parks (ports) in the regions along the route, and provides a carrier for the early and pilot implementation of the "Belt and Road". The sustained development of the "Belt and Road" requires the support of a number of port economic zones along the road. China should make good use of free trade parks (port) zones as a regional cooperation platform, accelerate the construction of free trade parks (port) zones along the routes, make efforts to eliminate the obstacles and barriers of the existing system and mechanism in the field of opening up, expand the market access and promote the opening up of key areas.
First of all, we should summarize the valuable experience of Shanghai FTZ, explore the implementation of pre-entry national treatment and negative list management mode for foreign investment, and promote opening up in a wider range of areas and at a higher level. At the same time, accelerate in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, Yunnan and other coastal and border provinces to promote the construction of free trade park (port) area.
2. The FTZs constitute the gripping hand of internal and external linkage under the framework of "Belt and Road". Looking at the planning programs of China's provinces to participate in the "Belt and Road" strategy, it is easy to find that the construction of FTZs with different focuses is a standard configuration. The main focus of "Belt and Road" is open economy, and the construction of FTZs will become an important hand for the internal and external linkage of "Belt and Road", and the "1+3" FTZs in Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangdong, and Fujian will not be ruled out in the future after the construction is completed. After the completion of the construction, the future does not rule out the establishment of more free trade zones in the central and western regions.
Shanghai FTZ docking "Belt and Road" strategy entry point is to build a new open economic system as the value of the target, the establishment of sound adaptation to the development of open economy, and international economic rules compatible with the economic operation mechanism. At the same time, it promotes financial innovations that are closely integrated with the construction of Shanghai as an international financial center, including the expansion of the cross-border use of the RMB, greater openness of the financial services industry, and the construction of financial markets.
Taking the port as a hub, it opens up Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, and connects Eurasia through the Indian Ocean and South Pacific. Therefore, accelerate the establishment of Guangdong, Tianjin and Fujian FTZ, is to speed up the realization of the "Belt and Road" strategy is a major initiative. The function of Guangdong FTZ is mainly to strengthen the cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, and to drive the development of the Pearl River Delta region, with a relatively high starting point and more investment opportunities in high-end services; the function of Tianjin FTZ is mainly to face the market of Northeast Asia, with strong advantages in shipping and financial leasing; Fujian FTZ is mainly to develop the trade between Taiwan and the sea, and it has an advantage in carrying out in-depth exchanges and cooperation with Taiwan enterprises in China.
3. The interaction between the FTZ construction and the "Belt and Road" strategy constitutes a driving force for deepening reform.
With the continuous promotion of the "Belt and Road" strategy, China's FTZ strategy is not only to build a number of FTZs domestically, represented by the Shanghai FTZ, to provide opportunities for China to further deepen its reforms and summarize its experiences, but also to establish FTZs with its current and future important economic and trade partners in the fields of trade and investment, so as to provide opportunities for economic and trade partners to further deepen their reforms. The establishment of FTZs will provide a more important platform for economic and trade partners to enhance the capacity of bilateral economic and trade activities and improve the efficiency of cross-border allocation of resources.
From the advantages of the new FTZ, it is easy to see that the strategy of opening up to force the reform of decentralization, but also a new round of high-level opening up and a wider range of reforms, which will further enhance China's open economy development level. Through the construction of domestic free trade parks and international free trade zones, the "One Belt, One Road" strategy will get more solid support.