has a handle and blades of different shapes and sizes. Blade should be clamped and installed with vascular clamp or needle holder clamp to avoid cutting fingers. There are many ways to hold a knife: grasping: for large incision; Bow-holding type: used for general incision; Pen-holding type: used for anatomy and small incision; Jumping: used for superficial abscess incision.
2. Surgical scissors
are curved and straight; Blunt and pointed. Long blunt bending shears are mostly used for deep surgery of chest and abdomen. The direct cutting of the pointed end is generally used for cutting lines and dissecting superficial tissues. Generally, surgical scissors do not use thread cutting or dressing, otherwise, they are easy to become dull. The holding and cutting method is the same as the holding and clamping method.
3. Surgical forceps
are used to clamp tissues, which is beneficial for dissection and suture. There are different lengths. The tips of forceps are divided into toothed and toothless (flat forceps).
4. Vascular forceps
The structural difference of vascular forceps is mainly the alveolar bed. Due to the need of surgical operation, the alveolar bed can be divided into straight, curved, right angle and arc. Vascular forceps used in vascular surgery have thin and shallow teeth, good elasticity, less squeezing effect on tissue and less damage to vascular wall and its intima, and are called non-invasive vascular forceps. The tip of commonly used vascular forceps is flat end. Those with teeth at the tip are called toothed vascular forceps, which are mostly used to clamp thick tough tissues and have been prevented from slipping off, causing great damage to the tissues.
The clamp-holding method uses the thumb and the fourth finger to extend into the handle ring, indicating that the finger can stabilize the vascular clamp, especially when using the vascular clamp, which can avoid the swing of the clamp end.
Loosen the pliers method: When using the right hand, put the thumb and the fourth finger in the handle ring, and squeeze it tightly to separate the clasp, and then put it in the thumb immediately. When using the left hand, the thumb and index finger hold a handle ring, and the third and fourth fingers hold the other handle ring, and they can be released by relative force.
Vascular forceps can crush tissues, so it is not suitable to clamp skin, viscera and fragile tissues.
5. Suturing needles
are divided into straight needles and curved needles; Round needle and triangular needle. The front half of triangular needle is triangular and sharp, and it is used to sew tough tissues such as skin, cartilage and ligament, which has great damage.
6. Needle-holding pliers
are used to hold needles to suture tissues. The needles should be clamped near the tip of the needle-holding pliers, and if they are clamped in the middle of the alveolar bed, the needles will be easily broken. Generally, it should be clamped in the back third of the sewing needle, and the sewing thread should overlap by one third for operation.
7. Tissue forceps
squeeze tissues lighter than vascular forceps, and are generally used to clamp soft tissues, so they are not easy to slip off.
8. The towel clamp
is used to fix the disinfection towel.
9. Hooks
There are various types according to needs. When using the retractor, the retractor should be separated from the tissue with a gauze pad; According to needs, there are various types. When using the retractor, the retractor should be separated from the tissue with a gauze pad; The pulling force should be uniform, and it is not allowed to exert too much force suddenly. So as not to damage the tissue.
1. Suction head
A common single-tube suction head is used to suck the blood in the operating field and the liquid in the chest and abdominal cavity. Casing suction head is mainly used to suck the liquid in abdominal cavity, and its outer casing has many side holes, which can prevent omentum and intestinal wall from being sucked and blocking the suction head.