Location, area: Karamay City is located in the northwestern edge of the Junggar Basin, the southern foothills of the Gayil Mountains, located between 80 ° 44 ′ ~ 86 ° 1 ′ East, 44 ° 7 ′ ~ 46 ° 8 ′ North latitude. It is adjacent to Hebuksaier Mongol Autonomous County in the northeast; bordered by Shawan County in the southeast; adjoined by Tori and Wusu Counties in the west; and separated from Dushanzi District by Kuitun City in the south, making this district an enclave of Karamay City. The city is 312 kilometers from Urumqi highway mileage, straight-line distance of 280 kilometers; from Beijing highway mileage of 4086 kilometers, straight-line distance of 2600 kilometers. The widest distance of 110.3 kilometers in the southeast of the city, the longest distance of 240.3 kilometers in the north and south of the city, in the shape of a diagonal strip, with a total area of 9,500 square kilometers, and the altitude lies between 250 and 500 meters above sea level. City area of 16 square kilometers. Dushanzi 150 kilometers from the city.
establishment, history: "karamay" uygur language for "black oil", named after the natural asphalt mound in the northeast of the city - black oil mountain. 1956 karamay oil field into large-scale development and construction, with the rapid development of oil production and population growth, making an oil field in the city of karamay. On January 24, 1957, the 14th meeting of the People's Committee of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region decided to set up the city of Karamay; on May 29, 1958, the State Council approved the establishment of Karamay as a county-level city; on July 25 of the same year, the city of Karamay convened the first People's Congress and set up a municipal people's government, which formally announced the birth of the city of Karamay. On February 16, 1982, the People's Government of the autonomous region approved the upgrading of Kelamayi City to a prefecture-level city; on August 17, 1984, it was changed to an unincorporated county-level city under the jurisdiction of the autonomous region, with the jurisdiction of street offices and townships and townships. on January 8, 1990, the autonomous region resumed Kelamayi City as a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of the autonomous region. Karamay District is the political, economic, cultural and commercial center of Karamay City and Xinjiang Petroleum Administration.
Administrative divisions: Karamay City is located in Shawan, Wusu, Toli, and Hebuksaier 4 counties between. Before the establishment of the city, Dushanzi town for the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Committee directly under the county-level town, the rest of the places are neighboring counties jurisdiction. Among them, Urho belongs to Hebuksaier County; Dai, Zhong and Xiaobian belong to Shawan County, and Kelamayi area belongs to Tori County.After Kelamayi was established as a city in 1958, the administrative area included Kelamayi, Dushanzi, Sixty Households, Urho, Baikouquan, Hongshanszui, Qianshanluba, Baibaitan, Xiaobian, Zhongbian, and Daibian, and the two districts of Dushanzi and Urho were set up under the city; and the establishment of Dushanzi Town People's Committee was abolished. In February 1982, Karamay was upgraded to a prefecture-level city, with four districts, namely, Karamay, Dushanzi, Baikalitan and Urho. As of April, 1999, the city of Karamay under the 4 districts of Karamay, Dushanzi, Urho, Baikalitan, Urho, Xiaokua 2 townships; also has a Shengli Road, Kunlun Road, Tianshan Road, Yinyin Road, Jinlong Township, Wuwu New Township, Jingshan Road, Xining Road, Beicun Village, Zhongxing Road, Samping Township, Baikouquan and other street offices, as well as the Residents' Committee and the Villagers' Committee.
Population and Ethnicity: Since the development and construction of Karamay in 1955, the population has been increasing along with the development of oilfield production. the rapid growth of the population in the 1950s was mainly due to four reasons: firstly, the soldiers demobilized and transferred from the army; secondly, the workers and their family members in the Mainland who supported the construction of the oilfields; thirdly, the employees recruited and moved from various places in Xinjiang; and fourthly, the students graduated from all kinds of colleges and universities and were assigned. After the 1960s, the proportion of the population born in Karamay gradually increased, and in 1997 the city's total population (excluding the population of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps) was 254,560. Of these, 136,109 were male, accounting for 53.5%, and 118,451 were female, accounting for 46.5%; the natural population growth rate for the year was 8.26 per thousand.
Karamay City is a multi-ethnic region. in 1997, the city *** there are 37 ethnic groups: Han, Uyghur, Kazakh, Hui, Mongolian, Xibe, Manchu, Russian, Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Dahaner, Tajiks, Tatars, Bai, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Dong, Yao, Shuitu, Li, She, Qiang, Buyi, Korean, Dongxiang, Tujia, Salar, Yugu Hani, Gaoshan, Mulao, Lisu, Pumi, Tibetan and Jing. The Han Chinese population accounts for 76.5% of the total; the ethnic minority population accounts for 23.5%.
Topography and mountains: The topography of Karamay City is in the shape of a sloping strip, long in the north and south, narrow in the east and west, high in the north-west and low in the south-east, with the vast majority of the area being the Gobi Desert, which is below 500 meters above sea level. The average elevation of about 400 meters above sea level, the lowest point in Eric Lake, about 250 meters above sea level. The city's western Gayil Mountain, Qingx Mountain; north of the Alat Mountain; central and eastern terrain is open and flat, tilted to the center of the Junggar Basin; southern Dushanzi for the name of the mountain, the Kazakh language, called "Mayi set", meaning "oil mountain", located in the central and western part of Dushanzi, the altitude of 1283 meters, Dushanzi, the lowest point is about 250 meters above sea level. Altitude of 1,283 meters, Dushanzi district thus named.
Climate: Kelamayi City has a typical continental climate, with drought and little rain, and windy spring and fall as its prominent climatic features. Cold winters, hot summers, short spring and fall seasons, and large temperature differences between winter and summer. The average annual number of windy days is 71.3, the average annual temperature is 8.1℃, the frost-free period is 225 days, and the average number of sunshine hours is 2705.6 hours. The first frost usually appears in early November, and the final frost usually ends in late March. The average temperature of the highest month in a year is July with an average of 27.6℃, and the lowest month is January with an average of -16.3℃. The average annual precipitation is 108.9 millimeters, and the average annual evaporation reaches 3008.9 millimeters, which is 20.8 times of the precipitation.
Soil and vegetation: most of the whole territory of Karamay City is Eagle Wall Desert, and from south to north, the soil distribution is in the order of brown-calcium soil, desert gray-calcium soil and gray-brown desert soil. The soil quality is low, gravel everywhere, and the soil salt content is high in many places. Due to the lack of rainfall, the salts are concentrated on the soil surface, resulting in serious soil salinization. Within the "white alkali beach area" is because of the white salt and alkali everywhere and named. As a result of drought, little rain, windy, large temperature difference and other characteristics, the vegetation is generally sparse, small, mostly drought-resistant, sand, saline-resistant quinoa vegetation. There are more than 230 species of pikes, jujube trees, camel thorns, bitter beans, red willows and so on.
The better-vegetated area in Karamay is the Poplar River Basin, where large poplar forests and red willows grow in the riverbanks on both sides of the river. In the areas of Xiao-Kua, Da-Kua and Urho, due to the low terrain, fine soil and frequent waterlogging, there are large reeds, hyacinth, dogwood and so on. Dushanzi area is located in the northern foothills of Tianshan Mountain, precipitation is more, the climate is more humid, from the mountain to the bottom of the mountain, the vegetation is vertically distributed scene. The lowest level of the mountain is desert vegetation type, and broad-leaved trees grow on the mountain. At an altitude of 1,500 meters there are tall and straight spruce forests.
Water system: Kelamayi City is an endorheic area, with endorheic rivers and inland lakes throughout its territory. The rivers are seasonal rivers with short flow and small amount of water. The main rivers are the Poplar River, the Krasu River, the Dalbutu River, the Manas River, and the Kuitun River in Dushanzi. The lakes are Arik Lake.
Water Conservancy Facilities: In order to solve the problem of production and living water, in the fifties and sixties, Kelamayi focused on the development of Baikouquan underground water, through the 65-kilometer-long culverts to the city of Kelamayi. 1970, in the Baiyang River, a reservoir with a capacity of 35,739,000 cubic meters was constructed (Baiyang River Reservoir). At the same time, a 72.8-kilometer-long concrete impermeable nullah was constructed, and in 1979, a reservoir with a capacity of 19.505 million cubic meters was constructed in the Baikalitan area. In order to make full use of the water source of Baiyang River, from 1989, another reservoir with a capacity of 58 million cubic meters, Huangyangquan Reservoir, was built. The Dushanzi area, in the south of the city, mainly draws water from the Kuitun River. The construction of water conservancy facilities in Karamay has basically ensured the water needs for production and living.
MineralsOil and natural gas are the main mineral resources of Karamay. Karamay's oil and natural gas reserves are large, shallow and of excellent quality. The oil and gas fields are horizontally contiguous, vertically stacked, consisting of a variety of oil and gas layers and reservoir types, which are easy to extract, process, transport and use, and are known as the "black gold". 1983, in the municipal jurisdiction of Baikalintan, Hongshanszui, Windy City area to find shallow buried oil layers, good physical properties, reserves of heavy oil, which became a rare valuable resource in our country. Valuable resources. In addition, there are natural asphalt, coal, gypsum, limestone, manganese, salt, asbestos, crystals, refractory materials, and fired bricks and tiles and ultra-light ceramic grains of loess, sand and gravel and other building materials.
Grassland and woodland: Kelamayi City has 105,200 hectares of natural grassland. Among them, there are 2. 3 million hectares of grassland, which are mainly distributed in Urhe, Xiaokai, Dushanzi and other places. The quality of grassland is poor, due to the decline of water table and overgrazing, the quality of grassland is degraded year by year. There are 27,400 hectares of woodland in the city, with a coverage rate of 3.5%, mainly poplar secondary forests, pike, red willow and other desert shrub forests. from the 1950s to the 1970s, the area of woodland was reduced due to the cutting down of vegetation for firewood for domestic use. From the 1980s, with the change of fuel and heating methods, there is no longer a need to cut down vegetation for fuel, and the desert vegetation has recovered.
Animal and plant resources: the main wild animals in Kelamayi City are goitered antelope (yellow sheep), hares, wild boars, pan sheep, foxes, lizards, pheasants, ducks, swans, sparrows, cuckoos, as well as wolves, rats, snakes, toads, orioles, magpies, larks, eagles, crows, turtle doves, aphids, mealybugs, red spiders, tennecks, step beetles, locusts, ladybugs, budgerigar wasps, honey bees and so on; domestic animals are sheep, Goats, camels, cows, horses, pigs, chickens, etc. Fish resources include carp, carp, grass carp, etc. The wild plants mainly include poplar, elm, sand date, jujube, pike, bell thorn, wolfberry, reed, balsam pear, red willow, white thorn, hyacinth, goat fescue, lysimachia, celandine, needle fescue, white fescue, dandelion, goat's lettuce, pearl hogweed, pseudo-mullein, pink chicory, astragalus, tulip tree, shellfish, party ginseng, aconite, wood sorrel, rhubarb, licorice, cistanchia, lockjaw, dermatophyllum, artichoke, artichoke, bitter bean seeds, oxbane etc.
Economic situation
Finance: Kelamayi city was founded 40 years ago, the financial income is relatively stable, the financial income and expenditure has been expanding. 1992, with the reform and opening up and the development of socialist market economy, the all-round market economy system is gradually established, the finance and financial undertakings are also followed by new leaps. 1997, the work of the objectives and tasks have been fully completed. tasks. The annual GDP was 8.7 billion yuan (current price), the total industrial output value was 17.68 billion yuan, and the total retail sales of social commodities was 1.099 billion yuan.
Karamayi's financial business has developed along with the development of oil production, and the financial business mainly serves the oil production. Over the past 40 years since the city was founded, the financial sector has developed from a single deposit, release and remittance to a more complete financial system that specializes in the division of labor.
Oil industry: oil is the pillar industry of Karamay, and occupies a pivotal position in the economic development of the autonomous region, oilfield exploration and development for more than 40 years, the crude oil production has reached a new level, oil production has been built in Karamay and Dushanzi and other four major oil production bases, is a geological exploration, oilfield development, oil and gas gathering and transportation, refining and chemical industry, product sales, oilfield construction, It is a mega petroleum joint venture with geological exploration, oilfield development, oil and gas gathering and transportation, oil and chemical refining, product sales, oilfield construction, scientific research and design, mechanization and manufacturing, and production services.
Local industry: The local industry of Kelamayi City started in the late 50s, with a relatively weak foundation. In particular, the city's local industries are small in scale and small in number, mainly light industries such as flour milling, food milling, garment milling and woodworking, which serve the employees' life. Since the reform and opening up, in the "oil-based, multi-operation, comprehensive utilization, comprehensive development" policy guidance, built a number of small enterprises, the municipal government in the funds and policies to give strong support to the local industry, so that the gradual development of the local industry. 1992, the local industrial development is faster, the main products are labor insurance clothing, shoes, furniture, red bricks, electronic products. The main products are labor insurance clothing, leather shoes, furniture, red bricks, electronic products and chemical products such as paints, plastics and antifreeze.
Rural economy: Kelamayi City, due to the impact of water resources and pasture resources, so that the production and development of agriculture and animal husbandry is greatly restricted, agricultural and animal husbandry production scale in the municipal economic system, accounting for a relatively small proportion of the production area, the production area is only municipal 2 townships, 3 pastures and oil enterprises to run their own farms, such as agricultural and sideline production bases. The main crops are wheat, corn, cotton, vegetables, etc., the main livestock and aquaculture cattle, sheep, horses, pigs, chickens, ducks, fish, etc. After 1992, due to increased investment and support, so that the agricultural and animal husbandry industry to develop faster. 1997, the city's total crop production and livestock inventory number of a large sub-growth in the total output value of agriculture and animal husbandry compared with 1992, an average annual growth of nearly 20%.
Individual Private Economy: The individual private economy of Kelamayi City has developed rapidly under the support of the reform and opening-up policy. the first private industrial and commercial enterprise appeared in 1981; at the end of 1992, there were more than 4,000 individual industrial and commercial enterprises, with more than 4,700 employees. As of November 1997, the city **** has 7496 individual business households, 11402 employees.
Commerce, trade: Karamay City, trade institutions from the 50's after the establishment, with the oilfield production and people's lives must be daily necessities, food, vegetables, grain and oil and meat supply, etc. After 1978, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the emergence of a variety of economic components one after another to break the pattern of the dominance of state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises gradually pushed the competition for survival by the situation! In 1997, the city's commercial and trade system has department stores, textile companies, hardware, electricity and chemical companies, vegetable and fruit companies, sugar, tobacco and alcohol companies, catering companies, pharmaceutical companies and miscellaneous souvenir companies, etc., there are 6 large shopping malls, 10 large trade markets. There are 6 large shopping centers and 10 large trade markets. Karamay's collective business is mainly composed of the city's supply and marketing system and labor service companies, constituting an important part of the collective business economy, its trade volume in the trade system occupies a large proportion.
City construction, communications, transportation
City construction: Kelamayi city's urban construction is with the development and construction of the oil fields started, can be roughly divided into two stages before 1978 and 1978. 1978 years ago, the pace of urban construction is relatively slow, the city's residential area of only 1.06 million square meters, and most of them for the earth and wood structure of the bungalow, the city's roads in addition to Friendship Road, Junggar Road, most of them are earth and wood structure of the bungalow, except for Friendship Road, Junggar Road, Jungar Road, most of the soil and gravel roads. 1978, the city construction into a period of rapid development, to 1992, the urban construction area expanded to 17 square kilometers, the completion of 43 urban roads, a total length of 57.5 kilometers. In recent years, the scale of urban construction further development, industrial facilities, civil facilities and transportation roads and so on into a complete set, forming a system. 1997, completed the people's square renovation of the southern half of the planned construction tasks, sports center renovation of the first phase of the project, the reconstruction of the Mass Museum of Art and the construction of the Archives, the construction of Karamay City, the first social welfare institution, the main body of the Rehabilitation Center construction, closed-circuit television in Urho District, construction, part of the South Forest District supporting Project construction, part of the supporting projects in the South Forest District and other major construction, so that the city's infrastructure is more complete.
Communication: The postal and telecommunication industry of Kelamayi City consists of two parts, namely, the oilfield special communication network and the postal and telecommunication network. In recent years, the communication business has been developing rapidly, and the technical facilities of communication have been constantly improved and perfected. As of 1997, there are 9 communication stations in the city, and the capacity of program-controlled exchanges is 6. 90,000 lines, and the total capacity has reached 108,000 doors. Telephone users amounted to 84,000 households (including residential telephone 65,000 households), an average of 33 telephones per 100 people, 84 telephones per 100 households. 1997, the total capacity of the city Post and Telecommunications Bureau of the city has reached 50,000, "126" paging system to achieve the whole territory of the national network roaming.
Transportation: Kelamayi City has convenient transportation, and the transportation business has developed rapidly over the past 40 years since the city was founded. The highway network consists of two national highways, three provincial highways, three county and township highways, and more than 100 oilfield highways. Wuyi Highway (Urumqi ---- Yili) crosses the Dushanzi area; A Duo Highway (Altay ---- Dushanzi) runs through the whole territory of Karamay; Dukou Company (Dushanzi ---- Kuqa) crosses the Tianshan Mountain to all parts of the southern Xinjiang; Qiaoba Highway (Tacheng Fork ---- Baktu) leads westward to Tacheng and its border trade port Baktu; Huk Highway (Hutubi ---- Karamay) is 223 kilometers in length. 223 kilometers, shortening the road mileage from Karamay to Urumqi by 87 kilometers. Oilfield highways are well-connected, spread over hundreds of miles of oil areas, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers, and asphalt pavement and grade highways that can reach rainy traffic account for more than 90% of the total. Along with the development of oilfield highway, the transportation management institutions and the scale of transportation are also developing. As of 1997, 1 first-class passenger station and 3 second-class passenger stations have been built, and more than 20 long-distance transportation routes have been opened. There is one civil airplane Yang, which can be used for landing and taking off small airplanes, and the route is from Kelamayi to Urumqi. There are more than 10 specialized operating agencies such as Karamay Highway Transportation Management Terminal and Xinjiang Petroleum Administration Passenger Transportation Company; *** There are nearly 20,000 various types of operating vehicles and motorized transport vehicles, realizing the goal of "smooth flow of goods and easy access for people".
Science, education, culture and health
Science and technology: the scientific and technological work of Kelamayi City is mainly centered on oil production, oilfield development for more than 40 years, the level of scientific research and institutions have a considerable scale. As of 1996, the city had more than 20 scientific research institutions and more than 20,000 professional and technical workers.
Education: Education in Karamay City has developed steadily along with the development of oilfield construction, and over the years, it has gradually formed a relatively complete education system of early childhood education, primary and secondary education, higher education, adult education, vocational education and special education. As of 1997, the city **** has 6 colleges and universities, 3 technical schools, 1 vocational high school and 1 school for the deaf, 23 general secondary schools, 37 elementary school, 42 kindergartens; all types of schools, teaching facilities, instruments, equipment, etc. worth more than 400 million yuan. 1997, the city has a variety of staff of 9,124 people, 64,062 students, graduating students 15,069 people. 16,241 new students were enrolled; the junior high school graduation rate reached 98%. *** 1,168 people took the college entrance examination, with an on-line rate of 32.6%, and 865 people were admitted to various colleges and universities across the country, with an acceptance rate of 74.1%. More than 1.05 million people took the self-study examination, and 64,538 cadres and workers participated in education and training.
Culture and Sports: After the founding of the city of Karamay, culture and sports have developed rapidly. By 1997, there is a radio station, television and cable TV station, there are 8 TV stations, the city has a workers' cultural centers, mass art museums, mining history museums, Children's Palace, Children's Activity Center, the library each one, there are professional performance groups and amateur performance groups each one, there are Xinhua bookstores and collective, individual bookstores more than 30. In addition, there are different degrees of cultural and recreational facilities and amateur literary and artistic groups in various units of the city. The city library has a collection of 156,000 books and receives 162,000 readers and borrows 191,000 books and magazines; the city's Xinhua Bookstore issues 5,652,000 books; the city's Post and Telegraph Bureau issues 17,740,000 newspapers and 1,642,000 magazines throughout the year.
Over the past 40 years, Kelamayi City has extensively carried out mass sports activities, and the level of sports competitions has been constantly improving. By 1997, the city had more than 200 stadiums, gymnasiums, swimming pools, track and field stadiums, shooting ranges, and basketball, volleyball, tennis, soccer fields, and other stadiums, and sports and cultural projects have won many national and regional awards. 1997, teams were sent to participate in a number of tournaments in the country, the General Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation, the West this collaborative region and the autonomous region, **** was awarded 12 gold medals, 14 silver medals, and 10 bronze medals.
Medicine, health: medical and health care in Karamay City is with the development of oilfield production and the development of medical and health services throughout the hundred miles of oil. By 1997, the city had more than 40 comprehensive hospitals such as the People's Hospital, Staff Hospital, Urumqi Mingyuan Oil Hospital and other medical and health institutions such as health stations and health centers. In Karamay and Dushanzi alone, there are 6 comprehensive hospitals, 2 township health centers and 3 sanitary and epidemiological institutions; there are 1,539 hospital beds; and there are 2,563 professional and technical health personnel, including 1,069 doctors, 1,044 nurse practitioners and 1,044 nurses. Discharged patients cure rate of 74.8%, the rate of improvement of 21.8%, bed turnover rate of 15.5% times / year, the basic immunization card rate of 100%, "four seedling" coverage rate of 98.9%, the basic formation of a full range of prevention and treatment of the combination of health care and epidemic prevention system.
People's Life
People's Life: Over the past 40 years since the founding of the city of Karamay, with the continuous development of production, the people's standard of living continues to improve. Mainly manifested in five aspects: First, the residents' income continues to grow; Second, the consumption structure changes; Third, the ownership of valuable consumer durables has increased significantly; Fourth, the living conditions have been improved; Fifth, the magnitude of the residents' savings deposits increased. The annual construction of 4,990 new residential units, a total area of 320,200 square meters, so that residents continue to improve living conditions.
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