Question 1: What are the harms to the body caused by long-term welding work? There are many health hazard factors in electric welding operations, which can generally be divided into two categories: physical factors and chemical factors. The former includes ultraviolet and infrared rays generated by high-temperature arc light. The latter are various components of welding aerosol. In the solid state, there are various metals such as iron, manganese, aluminum, chromium, lead, nickel, radioactive elements, etc.; in the gas phase, there are gases such as manganese oxide, hydrogen fluoride, nitrogen oxides, etc. [1]. High temperature, vibration and noise are not very obvious.
Welding aerosol has an extremely high degree of dispersion and its biological activity is significantly higher than other dusts. Depending on the welding rods and welding methods, the composition of the welding aerosol also changes greatly, and the biological activity is also different [2]; the biological activity is also related to the solubility and freshness of the welding smoke.
2. Damage to workers’ health caused by electric welding operations
2.1 Impact of welder pneumoconiosis and lung function
During arc welding, the core and coating in the electrode The metal base metal melts, evaporates, oxidizes, and agglomerates under the high temperature of the arc, producing a large amount of smoke and dust of metal oxides and other substances. Long-term inhalation can cause welder pneumoconiosis. Welder pneumoconiosis generally occurs in closed and poorly ventilated working conditions, and the average working age is about 18 years [3]. Pulmonary ventilation function measurements show that exposure to welding dust can cause a certain degree of pulmonary ventilation function damage in welders, and pulmonary ventilation function indicators such as FVC, FEV1.0, FEV1.0, MMF, V50, V25, and PEFR are significantly reduced [4]; Smoking Factors and dust exposure may have a synergistic effect on the pulmonary ventilation function of welders; the damage to the pulmonary ventilation function of welders has a tendency to worsen with the extension of the working age of dust exposure [5].
2.2 Manganese poisoning
Various welding parts and welding rods contain varying amounts of manganese. Generally, the manganese content in welding cores is very low, only about 0.3~0.6. In order to improve mechanical strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties, when using manganese-containing electrodes, the manganese content can be as high as 23. When welding is performed in poorly ventilated places such as cabins, boilers or closed containers, long-term inhalation of manganese-containing smoke and dust can cause manganese poisoning. Increases in hemorrhagic manganese and urinary manganese can be detected, as well as changes in neurobehavioral functions [6]. Measurement of manganese emission can also be used as a Early screening indicators for manganese poisoning [7]
2.3 Welding fume fever
Welding fume fever, also known as welder’s fever, is a type of metal fume fever caused by inhaling metal oxides. It is a systemic disease characterized by a sudden rise in body temperature and an increase in peripheral blood leukocyte count. The onset often occurs 6 to 12 hours after exposure to metal oxide smoke[8], with symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and muscle weakness. Joint pain, subsequent fever, increased white blood cells, and in severe cases, chills and chills.
2.4 Impact on the nervous system
A large number of studies have shown that welding operations have neurological damage related to occupational exposure, which mainly involves information processing functions such as memory, analysis, and positioning. It manifests as neurophysiological, neuropsychological, and neurobehavioral abnormalities [9], which are inextricably linked to manganese, aluminum, lead, etc. in welding smoke. Adopt WHO. The NCTB test showed a negative correlation between the total behavioral function score and urinary manganese [10], suggesting that changes in neurobehavioral function can be used as one of the early indicators for preventing manganese poisoning [11]. Foreign studies have reported that the total score of work-related behavioral functions in electric welding operations is higher than that of the control group. The author analyzed that this may be due to the health effects of workers and the effects of work-related skill training [12]. The impact of welding operations on workers’ parasympathetic nervous function has also been reported [13]. There are reports abroad that the age of onset of Parkinson's syndrome is significantly earlier among welders [14] (average age is 46 years old, and the average age of the control group is 63 years old), suggesting that welding work is one of the risk factors for Parkinson's syndrome.
2.5 Effects on eyes and skin
The damage to eyes and skin caused by ultraviolet rays (UVR) and infrared rays (IFR) is an important aspect of occupational hazards in electric welding operations.
It is often reported that welders have significantly increased eye symptoms, such as electro-optical ophthalmia, chronic blepharitis, conjunctivitis, lens opacity, etc., and the prevalence of chronic blepharitis and conjunctivitis tends to increase with increasing working age [ 15]. The main damage caused by excessive UVR exposure is photosensitive keratitis, and cataracts in welders are related to infrared exposure. Recent foreign studies have shown that workers exposed to excessive UVR are at risk of developing non-melanocytic skin cancer [16] and other chronic diseases such as ocular malignant melanoma [17].
2.6 Impact on the reproductive system
The outcome of reproductive toxicity is of great significance. Therefore, in the past 10 years, some research on the reproductive toxicity of electric welding has been carried out at home and abroad, mainly involving male workers** * Quality, reproductive outcomes and damage mechanisms of female workers. Research shows that female welding workers have increased menstrual flow, shortened menstrual periods, prolonged menstrual periods, and increased leucorrhea, since...gt;gt;
Question 2: What harm does electric welding do to the body? Factors harmful to the human body produced by the welding process vary depending on the type of welding, but generally the following toxic and harmful substances are produced: welding smoke, carbon monoxide, manganese and its compounds, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and ultraviolet radiation.
1. Welder’s pneumoconiosis. Welding fume can enter the human body through the respiratory tract, mainly damaging the respiratory system. In the early stage, there are usually no clinical symptoms and signs, and the working age of onset is generally more than 10 years.
2. Acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide can enter the body through the respiratory tract. Mainly damages the nervous system. Symptoms include severe headache, dizziness, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, weakness, rapid pulse, irritability, unsteady gait, confusion, and in severe cases, coma, convulsions, incontinence, and shock. Severe cases can lead to immediate death.
3. Chronic manganese poisoning. Can enter the human body through the respiratory tract. Chronic manganese poisoning generally develops slowly. In the early stage, it mainly manifests as neurosis and autonomic nervous dysfunction. As the disease continues to develop, symptoms and signs of extrapyramidal nerve disorder may appear.
4. Acute nitrogen oxide poisoning. Can enter the human body through the respiratory tract. Mainly damages the respiratory system. Symptoms include sore throat, chest tightness, cough, and sputum production. There may be mild dizziness, headache, weakness, palpitations, nausea, etc., and then difficulty breathing, chest tightness, coughing up white or pink foamy sputum, blue lips, and even coma or suffocation.
5. Acute ozone poisoning. Can enter the human body through the respiratory tract. Mainly damages the respiratory system. The symptoms of short-term low-concentration inhalation include dryness of the mouth and throat, tightness under the sternum, chest tightness, cough, and sputum production, as well as drowsiness, headache, decreased analytical ability, and abnormal taste. Inhalation of high concentrations can cause symptoms of mucosal inflammation, and pulmonary edema may gradually occur.
6. Occupational photoophthalmia and occupational photodermatitis. Long-term repeated ultraviolet radiation can cause chronic blepharitis and keratitis; strong ultraviolet radiation on the skin can cause dermatitis, manifested as erythema, sometimes accompanied by blisters and edema. Long-term exposure can cause damage to connective tissue and loss of elasticity. It can cause skin shrinkage, aging, and more seriously, skin cancer.
Question 3: What harm does electric welding do to the human body? 1) Welder’s pneumoconiosis
Welder’s pneumoconiosis is a disease caused by inhaling dust exceeding the prescribed concentration for a long time. Certain dusts, such as iron oxide, aluminum, etc., can be deposited in the lung tissue after being inhaled into the human body, causing a general foreign body reaction and causing some or no significant harm to health. After leaving the dust operation, the lesions can gradually reduce or disappear. However, in the air around the welding area, in addition to iron oxide and aluminum, there are also a variety of toxic substances that can cause fibrosis of lung tissue, such as silicon, silicates, manganese, chromium, fluoride and others. Metal oxides, if inhaled for a long time in concentrations exceeding the allowable level, can eventually cause pneumoconiosis in lung tissue.
The onset of welder's pneumoconiosis is generally slower than others, usually more than 10 years after exposure to welding fumes, and some can last as long as 15 to 20 years.
The main manifestations are respiratory symptoms, such as shortness of breath, cough, phlegm, chest tightness and chest pain. Some patients with welder pneumoconiosis show symptoms such as weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss and neurasthenia (such as headache, dizziness, insomnia, drowsiness, dreaminess and other symptoms). , memory loss, etc.), and also has a certain impact on lung function.
(2) Manganese poisoning
The manganese in the welding core of the welding rod and the manganese ore and ferromanganese in the coating will form a large amount of manganese vapor around the welding area, and the manganese vapor will evaporate in the air
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It can be oxidized very quickly into gray manganese monoxide and red manganese tetroxide fumes. If the human body inhales particles and vapors of manganese and its compounds exceeding the allowed concentration for a long time, it may cause manganese poisoning.
The onset of manganese poisoning is very slow, and can even last for more than 20 years. The symptoms of manganese poisoning are fatigue, headache, dizziness, insomnia, memory loss and autonomic nerve dysfunction.
(3) Welder metal heat
Iron oxide, manganese oxide particles and fluoride with a diameter of 0.05~0.5μm in welding metal smoke can easily enter the trachea through the upper and lower respiratory tracts and alveoli, and then enter the body, causing the welder to generate metal heat. The main symptoms are fever, chills, metallic taste in the mouth, nausea, loss of appetite, etc. after work. Welders who use low-hydrogen welding rods in closed containers or ship cabins for a long time are prone to this symptom.
Intestinal detoxification
The intestines can quickly eliminate toxins, but if there is indigestion, the toxins will stay in the intestines and be reabsorbed, causing great harm to health.
Konjac, black fungus, kelp, pig blood, apples, strawberries, honey, brown rice and many other foods can help detoxify the digestive system. Konjac: It is a famous "gastrointestinal scavenger" and "blood purifier" that can remove waste from the intestinal wall.
Black fungus: The plant gum contained in black fungus has strong adsorption force, which can absorb impurities remaining in the human digestive system and clean the blood. Can regular consumption still effectively remove pollutants from the body? .
Kelp: The alginic acid in kelp can slow down the absorption of radioactive element strontium in the intestines and cause strontium to be excreted from the body, thus preventing leukemia.
Pig blood: After the plasma proteins in pig blood are decomposed by enzymes in the digestive juice, a detoxifying and intestinal moistening substance is produced, which can react with dust and metal particles that invade the human body and transform into the human body. Substances that are difficult to absorb are directly excreted from the body, and have the functions of dust removal, bowel cleansing and defecation.
Apples: The galactose acid in apples helps detoxify, and the pectin can prevent food from decaying in the intestines. Strawberry: Contains a variety of organic acids, pectin and minerals, which can clean the stomach and strengthen the liver.
Honey: It has been a good product for detoxification and beauty since ancient times. It contains a variety of amino acids and vitamins needed by the human body. Eating honey regularly not only eliminates toxins, but also has certain effects on preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases and neurasthenia. Brown rice: It is the "plumber" that cleans the large intestine. When it passes through the intestines, it will absorb a lot of sludge and finally eliminate it from the body.
Preventive measures
Preventing dust hazards is still an important task in current labor hygiene work. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to prevent dust hazards and protect workers' health, our country's government has promulgated a series of policies, laws, and regulations. In 1956, the State Council promulgated the "Decision on Preventing Silica Dust Hazards in Factories and Mining Enterprises", which stipulated that the maximum allowable concentration of dust containing more than 10% free silica is 2 mg/m3. In 1958, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Labor and others jointly announced the "Factory Measures for Technical Measures to Prevent Silica Dust Hazards" and "Interim Measures for Technical Measures to Prevent Silica Dust Hazards in Mines". In recent years, the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Pneumoconiosis" (referred to as the Regulations) and the revised "Measures for the Implementation of Medical Preventive Measures for Workers Working in Dust Operations" have been promulgated, which has gradually brought the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis into the legal track.
Over the years, factories and mines at all levels and health and epidemic prevention agencies have done a lot of work in dust prevention based on national conditions, and have summarized the eight principles of "breakthrough, water, density, ventilation, protection, management, education, and inspection"... ..gt;gt;
Question 4: What harm does being a welder do to the body? 1 Analysis of Hazardous Factors in Electric Welding Operations and Preventive Measures Analysis of Hazardous Factors in Electric Welding Operations and Preventive Measures Electric welding is also called arc welding. This is the arc heat effect generated by the welding equipment, which promotes local heating and melting of the cross section of the welded metal to a liquid state, making the originally separated metal Combined into a strong, non-detachable joint process method. According to different welding processes, arc welding can be divided into automatic welding, semi-automatic welding and manual welding. Automatic welding and semi-automatic welding are mainly used in the manufacturing of large-scale mechanical equipment. The equipment is mostly installed in the factory and the working place is relatively fixed. Manual welding, on the other hand, is not restricted by the conditions of the working site and has good flexibility. It is currently used in outdoor construction. There is more homework. Because workplaces vary greatly and work is accompanied by the generation of electricity, light, heat and open flames, various hazards exist in welding operations. 1.1 It is easy to cause electric shock accidents a) During the welding process, because the welder has to frequently change the welding rod and adjust the welding current, the operation requires direct contact with the electrodes and plates, and the welding power supply is usually 220V/380V. When the electrical safety protection device fails, labor If the protective equipment is unqualified and the operator works in violation of regulations, electric shock accidents may occur. If welding is done inside a metal container, on a pipe, or in a humid location, the risk of electric shock is greater. b) When the welding machine is no-load, the voltage of the secondary winding is generally 60~90V. Since the voltage is not high, it is easily ignored by welders. However, the voltage exceeds the specified safety voltage of 36V, which is still dangerous. Assume that the no-load voltage of the welding machine is 70V and a person is working in a high temperature and humid environment. At this time, the human body resistance R is about 1600Ω. If the welder's hand touches the jaws, the current I through the human body is: I=V/R=70/1600=44Ma , under the action of this current, the welder's hands will spasm, which can easily cause electric shock accidents. c) Since welding operations are mostly done in the open air, welding machines, welding wires and power cords are often exposed to high temperature, humidity (construction sites) and dust environments, and stoves are often overloaded, which can easily cause the insulation of power cords and electrical circuits to age. , the insulation performance is reduced and it is easy to cause leakage accidents. 1.2 It is easy to cause fire and explosion accidents. Since arcs or open flames will be generated during the welding process, it is very easy to cause fires when working in places with flammable materials. Especially in flammable and explosive device areas (including pits, trenches, troughs, etc.), the risk of welding on containers, towers, tanks and pipelines that have stored flammable and explosive media is greater. There are still many accident cases in this area. For example, the "December 25" fire accident in Luoyang in 2000 was caused by illegal welding operations and poor management in commercial buildings that caused surrounding flammable materials to catch fire, resulting in the tragedy of 309 deaths. On May 26, 2003, when Beijing Dongfang Chemical Plant arranged for welders to weld the pin nuts of the manhole covers of train tank cars that had been stored and transported with methyl acrylate, the tank cars were not cleaned and replaced before the fire broke out. There was no analysis of the flammable gas in the tanker, and without any measures, the tanker flashed and exploded, lifting the manhole cover and hitting the welder, causing his death. 1.3 It is easy to cause burns because arcs and metal slag will be produced during the welding process. If the welder does not wear special protective work clothes, gloves and leather shoes for welding, especially when welding at high places, due to the splash of welding sparks, if there is no Taking protective and isolation measures can easily cause skin burns to the welder himself or the construction workers below the working surface. 1.4 It is easy to cause electro-optical ophthalmia. Due to the intense visible light and a large amount of invisible ultraviolet rays produced during welding, it has a strong harmful effect on human eyes. Long-term direct exposure can cause eye pain, photophobia, tears, Fear of wind, etc., can easily lead to inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea of ??the eyes (commonly known as electro-optical ophthalmia). 1.5 It has light radiation effect. It has light radiation effect. The arc light generated during welding contains infrared, ultraviolet and visible light, which has radiation effect on human body.
Infrared rays have a thermal radiation effect, which can easily cause heat stroke when welding in high-temperature environments; ultraviolet rays have photochemical effects and are harmful to human skin. At the same time, long-term exposure to exposed skin can cause skin peeling, and long-term exposure to visible light can cause Decreased vision in the eyes. 1.6 Harmful gases and smoke are easily generated. Since the arc temperature generated during the welding process reaches above 4200°C, gasification, evaporation and condensation will occur after the electrode core, coating and metal welding parts are melted, which will produce a large amount of manganese and chromium oxidation. Objects and harmful smoke and dust; at the same time, the high temperature and strong radiation of the arc light will also produce toxic gases such as ozone and nitrogen oxides in the surrounding air. If you engage in welding work under poor ventilation conditions for a long time, these toxic gases...gt;gt;
Question 5: What are the harmful effects of long-term welding on the human body? What are the harmful effects of welding on the human body? There are the following hazards:
1. Impact on lung function. Toxic gases will be released when burned at high temperatures.
2. Manganese poisoning. Manganese-containing welding rods generally contain high manganese content.
3. Have a great impact on eyes and skin.
4. Effects on the reproductive system 5. Affects physiological balance in the body.
Question 6: What harm does electric welding do to men? Hello,
It is currently the most widely used welding method. It includes: manual arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, plasma arc welding, gas metal arc welding, etc. Most arc welding uses the arc burning between the electrode and the workpiece as the heat source. The joint may or may not be formed with filler metal. When the electrode used is a wire that melts during the welding process, it is called melting arc welding, such as hand arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas shielded arc welding, tubular wire arc welding, etc.; the electrode used does not melt during the welding process. When using carbon rods or tungsten rods, it is called non-melting arc welding, such as tungsten arc welding, plasma arc welding, etc. View pictures [related books]
(1) Hand arc welding
Hand arc welding is the earliest developed among various arc welding methods and is still the most widely used welding method