Fire trucks have various types and complex functions and can be classified according to different standards. Among them, according to the carrying capacity of the fire truck chassis, they include micro fire trucks, light fire trucks, medium fire trucks, and heavy fire trucks; according to appearance The structure can be divided into single-bridge fire trucks, double-bridge fire trucks, flat-head fire trucks, and pointed-head fire trucks; according to the classification of fire extinguishing agents, it can be divided into water tank fire trucks, dry powder fire trucks, and foam fire trucks.
Classification according to the installation position of the water pump on the fire truck: front-mounted pump fire truck: the water pump is installed at the front end of the fire truck. The advantage is that it is convenient to repair the water pump and is suitable for medium and light fire trucks; mid-mounted fire truck Pump type fire truck: The water pump is installed in the middle of the fire truck; currently, most fire trucks in my country adopt this type: the advantage is that the overall layout of the vehicle is more reasonable; rear pump type fire truck: its characteristic is that the maintenance of the water pump is better than that of the center pump Convenient; inverted pump fire truck: The water pump is located on the side of the frame. This type is often used in rear-engine airport rescue fire trucks. This arrangement can lower the center of gravity of the vehicle and make it easier to repair the water pump.
But generally speaking, the classification of fire trucks is based on their functional characteristics. In my country, fire trucks are generally divided into the following categories: This type of fire truck can spray fire extinguishing agents and independently put out fires, including:
Pump fire truck
Also known as "pump truck" and "pump truck", it refers to a fire truck equipped with a water pump, which is equipped with a fire pump, other fire fighting equipment and passenger seats. After arriving at the scene, you can use on-site fire hydrants or water sources to directly absorb water to extinguish the fire, or it can also be used to supply water to other fire-fighting spray equipment at the fire scene.
Water tank fire truck
Also known as "water tank truck", in addition to fire pumps and equipment, the vehicle is also equipped with large-capacity water storage tanks, water guns, water cannons, etc. , a fire truck that can independently extinguish fires without the help of external water sources. It can also absorb water from the water source to directly put out fires, or provide water to other fire trucks and fire-extinguishing spray devices. It can also be used as a water supply and water delivery vehicle in water-scarce areas. It is suitable for fighting general fires. It is a standing fire-fighting vehicle for the public security fire brigade and professional fire brigade.
Foam fire truck
It is mainly equipped with fire pumps, water tanks, foam liquid tanks, foam mixing systems, foam guns, cannons and other fire-fighting equipment, and can independently put out fires. It is especially suitable for extinguishing oil fires such as petroleum and its products. It can also supply water and foam mixture to the fire scene. It is an essential fire-fighting vehicle for petrochemical enterprises, oil terminals, airports and urban professional fire brigades.
High-expansion foam fire truck
Equipped with high-expansion foam generating device and fire water pump system. It can quickly spray a large amount of high-expansion air foam that foams 400 to 1,000 times to isolate the surface of the burning material from the air, play a role in suffocation and cooling, and can eliminate part of the dense smoke. It is suitable for fighting in closed or semi-open areas such as basements, warehouses, and ships. The effect of sealing fires in building places is remarkable.
Carbon dioxide fire truck
The vehicle is equipped with a high-pressure gas storage cylinder equipped with carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent and a complete set of injection devices, and some are also equipped with fire pumps. It is mainly used to put out fires involving valuable equipment, precision instruments, important cultural relics, books and archives, etc. It can also put out general material fires.
Dry powder fire truck
It is mainly equipped with dry powder fire extinguishing agent tanks, dry powder spraying devices, fire pumps and fire fighting equipment. It mainly uses dry powder to extinguish flammable and flammable liquids, flammable gas fires, and live electrical fires. It can also put out equipment fires and general material fires. For large chemical pipeline fires, the firefighting effect is particularly significant. It is a fire truck commonly used by petrochemical companies.
Foam-dry powder combined fire truck
The equipment and fire extinguishing agents on the vehicle are a combination of foam fire trucks and dry powder fire trucks. It can spray different fire extinguishing agents at the same time. Can be used alone. Suitable for extinguishing flammable gases, flammable liquids, organic solvents, electrical equipment and general material fires. That is, fire trucks equipped with lifting and fire-extinguishing devices that can carry out fire-fighting or fire rescue at heights, including:
Ladder fire trucks
The vehicle is equipped with a telescopic ladder and can be equipped with a lifting bucket The turntable and fire extinguishing device are used for firefighters to climb up to extinguish fires and rescue trapped people. They are suitable for extinguishing fires in high-rise buildings.
Elevated platform fire truck
The vehicle is equipped with a large hydraulic lifting platform for firefighters to climb up to fight fires in high-rise buildings, tall facilities, oil tanks, etc., and to rescue trapped people.
Height-lifting jet fire truck
Equipped with folding, telescopic or combined boom, turntable and fire-extinguishing jet device. Firefighters can remotely operate the fire-extinguishing spray device on the top of the boom from the ground to spray the rescue target in the air. Fire trucks responsible for certain special fire-fighting technical operations other than fire extinguishing, including:
Communication command fire trucks
The vehicles are equipped with radios, telephones, loudspeakers and other communication equipment, which can It is used by the fire scene commander to direct fire extinguishing, rescue and communication. It is usually dispatched when responding to tasks that require command and dispatch.
Lighting fire truck
The vehicle is mainly equipped with power generation, generators, fixed lifting lighting towers, mobile lamps and communication equipment. It provides lighting for night fire fighting and rescue work, and also serves as a temporary power source at the fire scene to provide power for communications, broadcasting and demolition equipment.
Emergency rescue fire truck
The vehicle is equipped with various fire rescue equipment, special protective equipment for firefighters, fire demolition tools and fire source detectors. It is a specialized vehicle responsible for emergency rescue tasks. Fire truck.
Survey fire truck
The vehicle is equipped with survey cabinets, survey boxes, and demolition tool cabinets. It is equipped with gas, liquid, sound and other detectors and analytical instruments. It can also be customized according to user requirements. Equipped with radio stations, walkie-talkies, video recorders, tape recorders and closed-circuit television. It is a survey fire truck suitable for special purposes in public security, judicial and fire protection systems. It is used for the investigation of fire scenes, criminal crime scenes and other scenes. It is also suitable for colleges and universities, factories and mining enterprises, scientific research departments, geological survey and other units.
Smoke exhaust fire truck
The vehicle is equipped with fans and air ducts, which are used to exhaust smoke or forced ventilation at the fire scene, so that firefighters can enter the burning building for fire extinguishing and rescue work. . It is especially suitable for use when fighting fires in underground buildings, warehouses and other places.
Water supply fire truck
It is characterized by a large-capacity water storage tank and a fire water pump system. It is used as a backup vehicle for fire supply water, especially suitable for droughts. Water-scarce areas. It also has the functions of a general water tank fire truck.
Liquid supply fire truck
The main equipment on the vehicle is the foam liquid tank and foam liquid pump device. It is a backup vehicle specially designed to transport foam liquid supply to the fire scene.
Firefighting tank
A special tank modified from a military tank and dedicated to urban and rural firefighting. It is a type of special tank. It has outstanding functional characteristics such as fire prevention, riot prevention, poison prevention, and obstacle clearance. Firefighting tanks are mostly used for major fires such as hazardous chemical leaks and large-scale severe fires. They rely on their thick armor, strong power, and off-road obstacle breaking advantages to break into fire scenes. However, due to poor road mobility, high costs and large fuel consumption, they are relatively rare. It is a fire-extinguishing fire truck that is specially used to deal with aircraft fire accidents and can spray fire extinguishing agent while driving.
Airport rescue pilot fire truck
This kind of vehicle generally has very good maneuverability and is equipped with about 1000 liters of light water foam liquid. After receiving the alarm of a plane crash, the vehicle can drive to the crash site extremely quickly and spray light water foam on the fire area of ??the plane to prevent the spread of fire and gain extremely valuable time for the backup airport rescue fire truck to put out the fire.
Airport rescue fire truck
It is a large chemical fire truck specially used to put out aircraft crash fires and rescue people on board. Its characteristic is that the vehicle is loaded with a large amount of water and a certain proportion of foam fire extinguishing agent and dry powder fire extinguishing agent. It is also equipped with various fire rescue equipment and demolition tools. The vehicle has good maneuverability and off-road performance, and can be used while traveling. Spray fire extinguishing agent. This is significantly different from ordinary fire fighting trucks. It is a fire truck that replenishes various types of fire extinguishing agents or fire fighting equipment to the fire scene. Specifically: water supply fire trucks, foam fire trucks, ambulance fire trucks, etc.
Equipment fire truck
It is used to transport various fire equipment and accessories such as fire suction pipes, fire hoses, interfaces, demolition tools, and life-saving equipment to the fire scene.
Ambulance fire truck
The vehicle is equipped with stretchers, oxygen respirators and other medical supplies and first-aid equipment to rescue and transport casualties in fire scenes.
Publicity fire truck
The vehicle is mainly equipped with film and television, recording and playback audio and power generation equipment. It is a dedicated fire truck for fire prevention publicity.