A, sanitary landfill method
Sanitary landfill method is to bury garbage underground and decompose it into harmless substances through long-term decomposition of microorganisms. If there is no anti-seepage measures in the medical waste landfill system, all kinds of toxic substances, pathogens and radioactive substances will penetrate into the soil with rainwater, and harmful substances will enter the human body through the food chain, which will endanger human health. Therefore, the sanitary landfill site needs to be located scientifically, the impervious layer should be paved with clay, high-density polyethylene and other materials, and landfill gas collection and export pipelines must be set up. Therefore, the landfill treatment method must be very cautious, and medical waste must be pretreated in strict accordance with relevant regulations.
Second, the high temperature incineration method
Incineration is a chemical process of deep oxidation. Under the action of high-temperature flame, medical waste in incineration equipment is transformed into residue and gas through three stages of drying, ignition and incineration, which can effectively destroy infectious sources and harmful substances in medical waste during incineration. Incineration technology is suitable for all kinds of infectious medical wastes. During incineration, high and stable furnace temperature, good oxygen mixing conditions, sufficient gas residence time and other conditions are required, and at the same time, the finally discharged flue gas and residue need to be treated harmlessly.
Three, high pressure steam sterilization method
The principle of pressure steam sterilization treatment is that medical waste runs for more than 20 minutes under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and the pressure vapor permeation reaches the inside of the object, so that microorganisms are protein solidified and denatured and killed; It should be noted that when this treatment method is used, the medical waste must be crushed, which can be carried out before cooking or after cooking, but the particle size after crushing does not exceed 50mm specified in the Technical Specification for High Temperature Steam Centralized Treatment of Medical Waste published by the State Environmental Protection Bureau. This method is not suitable for treating pathological wastes, such as human tissues and animal carcasses, and the treatment efficiency of drugs and chemical wastes is not high.
Fourth, pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is a process of extracting fuel oil, grease and gas by using the instability of organic matter in garbage and heating distillation under oxygen-free or anoxic conditions, so that organic matter is thermally cracked and condensed to form various gases, liquids and solids.
Five, chemical disinfection method
The essence of chemical disinfection method is to mix crushed medical waste with disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, glutaraldehyde, ozone, etc.). ) have a certain concentration, and ensure that they have enough contact area and time with the disinfectant, so that the organic matter decomposes during disinfection and the microorganisms are killed. The maximum contact between disinfectant and medical waste is the premise to ensure the treatment effect. By using shear crushing equipment, the crushing degree is improved and the disinfectant can penetrate. Chemical disinfection method is suitable for treating liquid medical wastes and pathological wastes, and has been gradually used to treat medical wastes that cannot be disinfected by heating or wetting recently.
Six, microwave disinfection treatment method
Microwave disinfection technology is a new type of medical waste treatment technology, but it is still limited to small batch and intermittent treatment of medical waste, which can not meet the requirements of large batch and continuous treatment of medical waste.
Dry heat crushing technology, irradiation technology, plasma method and electric arc furnace technology are very rare in practical application, so this paper will not introduce them in detail.