Commonly used sterilization methods include high temperature sterilization, gas sterilization and ionizing radiation sterilization three methods.
1, high temperature sterilization method: the use of high temperature to make microbial proteins and enzymes coagulation or denaturation and death. This is the most widely used and effective sterilization method, mainly used for sterilization of surgical instruments and articles.
①High-pressure steam sterilization: high temperature and high pressure sterilization, not only can kill general bacteria, bacterial germ cells also have the effect of killing, which is the most commonly used and most reliable method of sterilization of surgical supplies. Mainly used for items that can withstand high temperatures, such as metal instruments, glass, enamel, dressings, rubber and some drugs sterilization. The pressure rises to 104.0~137.3kPa, the temperature reaches 121~126℃, maintains 20~30 minutes, can kill all the microorganisms including the bacterial spores with tenacious resistance.
②Boiling sterilization method for metal instruments, glass, rubber items.
③Fire method, used for emergency instruments.
2, gas sterilization: including ethylene oxide sterilization, ozone and negative ions and other gas sterilization method.
3, ionizing radiation sterilization method: industrial sterilization method, applicable to the medical equipment used, large-scale application of disposable items.
Disinfection method including liquid immersion, formaldehyde fumigation and ultraviolet irradiation three methods.
1, liquid immersion disinfection: suitable for sharp instruments, endoscopes, special materials made of catheters and other disinfection, the current commonly used chemical disinfectants are the following: 2% glutaraldehyde, 75% ethanol solution, 1:1000 chlorohexidine solution, 0.5% peroxyacetic acid solution.
2, formaldehyde fumigation disinfection: formaldehyde has a strong stimulating effect, this disinfection method has been gradually eliminated.
3, ultraviolet disinfection: ultraviolet surface effect is strong, can kill bacteria suspended in the air, water and attached to the surface of objects, mycoplasma and viruses. Mostly used for indoor air and object surface disinfection.