According to the definition given by Liu Feng, the founder of Witkey (Witkey) mode: Witkey mode: a new mode of the Internet in which people's knowledge, wisdom, experience, and skills are converted into actual earnings through the Internet, so as to achieve the new mode of the Internet in which each person gets what he needs. It is mainly applied to solving problems in the fields of science, technology, work, life and study, reflecting the new concept of the Internet to get paid according to work and human-centered. From the beginning of this century, the Internet began to accelerate the development of a variety of innovative applications and new concepts of the Internet continue to appear, such as search engines, e-commerce, blogs, Wikipedia, RSS, 3G, web2.0, the long tail theory and so on. These applications and concepts are more or less related to knowledge management. How to use the Internet for knowledge management has attracted a great deal of attention from many scholars in the Internet community and knowledge management academia.
The Witkey model was created in this context, which is a network innovation model that utilizes the Internet for knowledge management, and the words Witkey and Witkey are completely original in China. The concept was first put forward by Liu Feng at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2005, Liu Feng began to build a wiki-network witkey com to try to connect the expert resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, scientific and technological achievements with the scientific and technological problems of enterprises. In the process of building the website, Liu Feng found that through the Internet to solve the problem and let the solver get paid is a brand new field of the Internet, so he began to explore and study this field by practicing and summarizing, and thus put forward the theory of wiki.
In the course of his research, Liu Feng put forward three interrelated ideas:
I. Since the 1980s, the function of electronic bulletin boards has been separating, resulting in new Internet applications such as blogs and Wikipedia. Intellectual interactive quiz functions also began to separate from electronic bulletin boards from the early 21st century.
Two, with the continuous maturation of Internet payment means, the Internet era of completely free **** enjoyment of information has passed. Knowledge, wisdom, experience, and skills also have commercial value and can become commodities to be bought and sold.
Third, the valorization of knowledge, wisdom, experience, skills is a catalyst for promoting people to participate in the intellectual interaction quiz.
Based on the above three points of view, on July 6, 2005, the Chinese Academy of Sciences guest researcher, founder of the theory of wikipedia, Liu Feng, in a discussion article for the first time put forward the concept of wikipedia mode: people's knowledge, wisdom, experience, skills through the Internet into the Internet's new mode of practical gains. The main applications include solving problems in the fields of science, technology, work, life, learning, etc. Starting from November 2005, relevant media in China began to pay attention to the field of wikis, and in November 2006, a news report by China Central Television (CCTV) made the concept of wikis widely popularized, with hundreds of websites identifying with it and entering into the field one after another. The discovery of electronic bulletin board function separation phenomenon
When the theory of Witkey was first put forward by Liu Feng in July 2005, an important theoretical basis was the discovery of the phenomenon of electronic bulletin board (BBS) function separation in the history of Internet development: since the appearance of the Internet electronic bulletin board in the early 1980's, its function has been constantly separating out to form independent Internet applications, which are:
(1) News Web sites, originated from the function of posting news on electronic bulletin boards.
(2) E-commerce Web sites, originated from the function of posting information on buying and selling of commodities in electronic bulletin boards, which was later combined with the Internet online payment system and logistics system.
(3) Blogs, originated from the function of posting personal thoughts and ****able expertise on electronic bulletin boards. Electronic bulletin boards aggregate this information in a chronological order, and blogs aggregate this information on a user-by-user basis.
(4) Intellectual Interactive Question and Answer Sites (Wikipedia), originated from the function of posting problems in science, technology, work, life and study in electronic bulletin boards, and people seek solutions to problems or people who can solve problems through the Internet.
(5) hotspot review type website (DIGG), originated from the function of reviewing and discussing hotspot phenomena in electronic bulletin boards.
(6) Wikis, originated from the electronic bulletin board information content modification function, usually electronic bulletin board information only its publisher and webmasters have the right to modify, Wikis liberalize the right to modify the content of the information, so that each visitor can make changes.
(7) SNS websites, originated from the electronic bulletin board users' registration information aggregation function. By aggregating the personal information of registered users such as contact information, nature of work, place of work, hobbies and interests, etc., so that the same enthusiasts can find each other through the Internet.
(8) The exchange class website, originated from the electronic bulletin board users exchange goods and services with each other, the operation of the exchange class website does not need the third-party payment means of intervention.
(9) search engine, originated from the electronic bulletin board data and information indexing function, the invention of WEB technology in the 1990s, so that the indexing technology that can aggregate many electronic bulletin board data and information eventually developed into a search engine. Information free **** enjoyment is an important factor contributing to the vigorous development of the Internet, for example, Wiki-type websites are driven by the embodiment of human self-worth, structuring the existing clutter of human information to form knowledge that can be enjoyed for free ****, search engines index information and data in the Internet, and people can use their search function free of charge, and news, e-commerce, and blog-type websites provide a steady stream of free information for the Internet. free information. However, from the perspective of knowledge management, the generation of knowledge itself costs a lot of time and economic costs, and completely free knowledge *** enjoyment is not in line with the laws of economics and the assumption of rational man. This situation will ultimately hinder the development of the Internet, resulting in the quality of ****enjoyed knowledge to a certain high point due to individuals to protect their core competencies will be difficult to improve.
The wiki theory holds that knowledge on the Internet (various articles, materials, answers to questions, etc.) has a more or less economic value and should be able to be sold as a commodity. It is in line with the economics of the law of value and is a way out of the Internet out of the dilemma. In addition, with the gradual improvement of the means of payment on the Internet, it has become possible to put a price on knowledge, wisdom, ability and experience through the Internet. Therefore, the Internet has passed through the era of completely free **** enjoyment, and started to enter the era of the Internet's value of knowledge, knowledge, wisdom, ability, experience through the Internet also has the concept of commercial value will gradually be accepted. In the era of knowledge valorization of the Internet, knowledge, wisdom, experience, skills can become a commodity through the Internet for trading.
This is the important premise and foundation of the theory of wiki mode. The valorization of knowledge, on the one hand, enables people to participate in intellectual interactive Q&A and provide high-quality knowledge products, and on the other hand, through the raising and answering of questions, knowledge, wisdom, ability, and experience also truly become commodities to be traded. From the perspective of knowledge management, the knowledge valorization process of intellectual Q&A is also the process of human tacit knowledge manifestation.
The Internet is a network of human brains, not just a network of machines
Marx clearly pointed out that the structure of the process of combining tools and human beings is a unique human structure, and it is the material basis and driving force for the emergence and development of the other structures of human beings. Without the human brain connected to the end of the Internet, the Internet will become a rootless wood and a source of water. Neglecting the participation of every human brain connected to the Internet is precisely the reason for some of the dilemmas facing the current Internet.
The Wicker theory proposes for the first time in the world that the Internet is the networking of human brains, not just machines. The Internet not only connects machines around the world, it also connects people in all corners of the planet. Machines in some aspects of the human race is indeed beyond, but a wider range of human knowledge, wisdom, ability, experience is the machine can not be expected. The use of the Internet to fully mobilize human initiative to solve problems in various fields is another direction of Internet development that has been overlooked. (1) can solve the search engine can not creatively give the answer to the problem.
The human brain is a supercomputer than any of the thousands of times more powerful equipment, the emergence of the Internet is essentially the realization of the human brain networking, creative problem solving when the advantages of the human brain, the emergence of the Internet and the expansion of this advantage into exponential multiples, wiki mode before the emergence of the Internet is simply to allow users to **** enjoy the knowledge and information, whether it is blogs Or wiki (wikis) and other modes of design or let the Internet users to provide intellectual achievements free of charge, and run these modes of the site to obtain the value of the precipitated knowledge. This is the core secret of their dream of going public. But without a sufficient incentive system, their crisis comes when users discover this secret. Wizards model puts forward the idea that knowledge must reflect value does not just mean monetary value, but also includes pride, sense of achievement, but the most important incentive mechanism is still the monetary value, only through the currency can the human beings valuable tacit knowledge to show, in order to make the Internet in the meaningless information is reduced substantially.
(2) The Wizards model can reflect a flexible way of employment.
It breaks the limitations of geography, time, and work mode, and puts workers all over the world on the same platform through the Internet. To provide a level playing field for workers on the Internet, bringing more free working hours, creativity and ideas. The knowledge, wisdom, skills and experience of millions of wizards on the wiki model platform can be utilized to provide low-cost and high-quality services for enterprises. This process can be realized in two forms: bounty broadcasting and the network of wiki maps.
(3) enrich the type of Internet services.
Internet interactive Q&A mode sites and news sites, physical e-commerce sites, blog sites will be in different areas for Internet users to provide services to meet various types of user needs. Wizards mode needs to be publicized with the help of news-based websites. Need to use the technical form of the blog as the basis for the establishment of a personal knowledge base, wiki mode website and the traditional physical e-commerce website functions complement each other, the traditional physical e-commerce website is mainly for the physical transaction, the form of the Internet site, the payment system and the combination of offline logistics system. Wizards mode is mainly for the online transaction of intellectual achievements, the form is the combination of Internet website and payment system, because intellectual achievements such as text, image, video can be transmitted through the Internet. The operation cost of wiki mode will be much lower than that of traditional physical e-commerce website.
(4) Improve the user's motivation to use the Internet.
The wiki model motivates users to provide more valuable works. As Internet users can utilize their knowledge, skills, experience, and wisdom to obtain relative economic benefits through the wiki mode website. So they will have a higher enthusiasm to spend their time cost to participate in the answer to the question. At the same time, due to the economic interests of the drive Internet users will also take the initiative to personal knowledge and experience in the formation of articles published in the personal knowledge base for others to pay access.
(5) Promote the protection of intellectual property rights on the Internet.
The problem of intellectual property rights on the Internet is fundamentally caused by the structural problems of the Internet itself. Internet users are unable to manage their own information on news websites, traditional physical e-commerce websites, and BBS websites, and they lose control of their intellectual labor once it is released to the Internet, and their works are copied, cut, hyperlinked, and so on to the entire Internet by other websites and users. The work is spread to the whole Internet by other websites and users through copying, cutting, hyperlinking and so on. Blogs have enhanced the control of Internet users over their own works to a certain extent, and we can find out through search engines which user's personal blog is the original source of a work. However, personal intellectual works are still completely open in blog sites, and authors are not able to put a price tag on their intellectual achievements. Other websites and individuals can still cite the works in blog sites by copying, cutting, and hyperlinking. We mentioned that the mature form of the wiki model is a combination of a bounty system, a blogging system, a self-service pricing system, and a trading system, so that works that authors deem to be of considerable value can be self-priced. Other websites and individuals must pay to view the content of these priced works. When a search engine or other site on the Internet directs users to the work via a hyperlink, the author actually receives a profit instead of the traditional nothing. The act of copying a work into one's own knowledge base and selling it at a price after paying for access to it constitutes theft under current law, and the perpetrator will have to consider the legal consequences of committing such an act.
(6) Promote the implementation of the real name system on the Internet.
The wiki mode website provides a platform for users to trade intellectual achievements, in order to ensure the quality of goods traded on the platform and the security of payment of goods, the real name system will become a necessary condition for the normal operation of the network of interactive Q&A mode website, and the inevitable demand for the development of the Internet.
(7) Wizards era beware of fraud
The network appeared a lot of fraudulent sites under the name of Wizards or Wikipedia, etc., the purpose of which is to dazzle the way the income to deceive the viewer curiosity and induced to register through the cell phone, and when you register you will find that their cell phone bill has been deducted a lot of hope that we pay attention to. Since 2005, when the wiki model was first introduced at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, there are now more than 200 websites in China that subscribe to the concept of the wiki model, covering a wide range of areas such as law, management consulting, agriculture, education, programing and graphic design, scientific research, sports, medical care, and recruitment, etc. The total number of registered users is more than 5 million (for the first time in China). The total number of registered users exceeds 5 million (counting the top 10 registered users), and the number of paid solutions exceeds 200,000 (counting the 100 websites that agree with the wiki model). The transaction amount exceeds 10 million RMB (for the five websites with the largest transaction amount). The emergence of the Wizards model has also attracted extensive media attention. Hundreds of domestic and international media, including China Central Television, China Daily, People's Daily, Interfax, German Star Weekly, etc. In 2007, the concept of witkey was introduced into China's high school exams, and millions of test takers became aware of witkey, and in August 2007, China's Ministry of Education listed witkey as one of China's 171 newly emerged Chinese words in 2007, which is the first time that witkey is used in China.
On November 18, 2007, the first Witkey Conference was held in Beijing, China, hosted by the Virtual Economy and Data Science Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. More than 300 professionals from the Internet, wiki-model websites, news media and other fields attended the conference, and a number of Internet experts and heads of wiki-model websites discussed wiki-model from different perspectives of theory and practice. In addition, during the period of 2006 to 2007, SEDI Consultants, China Academy of Telecommunications Research and other organizations also held many conferences and salons to discuss and research on the wiki model.
November 18, 2010, by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology guidance, Chongqing Municipal Government, hosted by the pig eight ring network of the first global wizards conference and wizards website CEO Summit Forum held in Chongqing. CEOs from the top 100 global Wizards (outsourcing) websites and representatives of domestic outstanding Wizards attended the meeting. Released at the meeting, "2010 China's wiki industry white paper" report: China's existing more than 100 wiki sites, registered members of more than 20 million, the overall cumulative transaction amount of more than three hundred million yuan. By practicing and investigating and analyzing the wiki mode website, we can depict the flow chart of wiki mode website operation.
From the diagram, it can be seen that the users on the Wizards mode website can be divided into two categories according to their behaviors: those who have needs and those who provide services. Among them, the demander puts forward the difficult problem and releases the task, and pays the service provider after obtaining the suitable solution. The service provider accepts the task, and when the service provider's solution is recognized by the demander, the service provider receives the agreed payment.
The main operation process of the wiki model website is: the demander puts forward the problem, the answerer receives the problem, the service provider gives the right answer, the demander receives the right answer, and the demander pays the answerer. According to the order of the diagram: 1-->2-->3-->4-->5. gt;5. Another more concise wiki mode website operation process path: wiki mode website aggregation of professional expertise of the respondent information, the questioner can directly find the appropriate answerer through the wiki mode website, the questioner to obtain the correct answer to pay the answerer. According to the order of the diagram is: 3-->4-->5. On the basis of the operation model diagram of the wiki mode website further refined, Liu Feng put forward the operation business formula of the wiki mode.
W=(U+Q+A+P) ×cr.
W: denotes the wiki model (wiki).
U: user denotes the registered user of the wiki mode website (User), mainly composed of two parts: questioner and answerer. In actual operation, these two roles are often switched, i.e., the questioner can also become the answerer, and the answerer can also ask questions to find help. Through the aggregation of information on the U can form the important results of the theory of wiki wiki map witmap.
Q: Q: question indicates that the wiki mode website to be resolved on a variety of issues and tasks.
A: answer represents the answer to a question on the Witmap website. It also includes intellectual products posted by registered users of the Wizards site. These answers and intellectual products are often labeled with a certain price for the questioner to inquire and trade.
P:pay denotes the payment system of a wiki site, which is not limited to online Internet payments, but also includes offline bank payments, postal remittances, and direct payments.
Cr:credit denotes the credit system of a wiki site, in order to ensure the normal transaction, the wiki site needs to establish a credit system to ensure the authenticity of the questioner, the answerer, the question and the answer. Witkey map borrows the concept of knowledge map in knowledge management, that is, the four most important attributes of a person's geographic location, professional expertise or interest, contact information, and wikispace are aggregated together through the Internet to form a search engine about the person. In the wikispace, wizards put their own knowledge, wisdom, experience, skills to form works for sale, wiki sites can be derived through the wiki map products for profit, such as knowledge trading, right advertising, bidding rankings, wiki recommendations, contact information fees, etc. In 2005, the world's first search engine about people was proposed and established - wikimap.
The wizards open wiki space or studio in wiki website--The task publisher inquires about wiki or intellectual works through skill keywords--The two sides leave message, email, instant messaging, telephone, and directly meet through the station to communication, to determine whether to cooperate - after cooperation, both parties can evaluate each other in the wiki site.
The wiki map process requires the wiki site to open up space for each wiki and establish a credit evaluation system, the application areas include:
1, life-related, Baidu Knowledge, Sina Aiqi, Yahoo Knowledge and other integral sites can also establish wiki maps.
2, online work, whether simple or complex tasks can be applied wiki map.
3, science and technology transfer. Expert wiki maps can be created in the field of science and technology experts.