We will be computer routine maintenance is divided into hard maintenance and soft maintenance of the two aspects, the following specific to explain the two aspects of computer maintenance.
A microcomputer hard maintenance
The so-called hard maintenance refers to the hardware aspects of the computer maintenance, which includes the computer environment and a variety of devices and the daily maintenance of the work of the notes and so on.
1, the working environment of the computer
To make a computer work in a normal state and extend the life of the computer, it must be in a suitable working environment, there should be the following conditions:
1.1 Temperature conditions
The general computer should be working in the environment of the 20-25 ℃, the current computer, though Although the computer itself has good heat dissipation performance, but too high a temperature will still make the computer work when the heat generated by the dissipation of the light is to shorten the life of the machine, or burn the computer chip or other accessories, now the development of computer hardware is very rapid, the replacement is quite fast, the computer's heat dissipation has become a non-negligible problem; the temperature is too low will make the computer between the various parts of the contact poor Faulty, resulting in the computer can not work properly, conditions, it is best to place the computer room on the air-conditioning to ensure that the normal operation of the computer temperature required for the environment.
1.2 Humidity conditions
Humidity should not be too high, and the computer should be well ventilated during operation, otherwise the circuit boards inside the computer will corrode easily and the boards will age prematurely.
1.3 Dustproof
As the computer components are very precise, if the computer works in a more dusty environment, it is possible to block the computer's various interfaces, so that the computer can not work properly, so do not place the computer in a dusty environment, such as really need to be installed, it should do a good job of dustproof work; In addition, it is best to clean up the computer case inside the dust, the best one month! The dust inside the computer chassis, do a good job of cleaning the machine to ensure the normal operation of the computer.
1.4 Power Requirements
Voltage instability can easily damage computer circuits and devices, due to the existence of peaks and valleys in the supply of utility power, in the voltage fluctuations of the environment, it is best to equip with a voltage regulator to ensure that the computer works properly for a stable power supply, although the state vigorously strengthen the power supply in rural areas to improve the power supply lines in the countryside, but the remote rural power supply lines farther away from the towns and cities. Although the country has made great efforts to strengthen the power supply in rural areas and improve the power supply lines in rural areas, the voltage in remote rural areas far away from towns and cities is still quite unstable. In addition, if there is a sudden power failure, it may cause the loss of data inside the computer, and in serious cases, it will also cause the computer system can not start and other kinds of faults, so, to protect the computer power supply, you should be equipped with a small household UPS, to ensure the normal use of computers.
1.5 Do a good job of anti-static work
Static electricity may cause damage to the computer chip, in order to prevent static electricity damage to the computer, in the computer chassis should be opened before the hand contact with the heater tube and other objects that can be discharged, will be discharged after their own static electricity and then access to the computer's accessories; the other in the placement of the computer will be the chassis with a wire grounding can play a very good effect of anti-static electricity.
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1.6 Prevent vibration and noise
Vibration and noise can cause damage to computer components (such as hard disk damage or data loss, etc.), so the computer can not work in the vibration and noise environment, such as really need to place the computer in the vibration and noise environment should be considered to install anti-vibration and sound insulation equipment.
2, computer placement
The computer should be placed on the mainframe smoothly, to retain the necessary workspace, stay out of the place used to place disks, CD-ROMs and other commonly used spare parts to facilitate the work. To adjust the height of the monitor, the position should be to keep the upper edge of the monitor and the line of sight basically parallel, too high or too low will make the operator easy to fatigue. When the computer is not in use, it is best to cover the dust cover to prevent dust on the computer, but do not forget, in the case of normal use of the computer, be sure to take down the dust cover to ensure that the computer can be a good heat dissipation.
In addition, if the computer is not used for a long time, it should be best to energize it once or twice a month, the temperature is too high or too low, the humidity is too high, it is easy to deform the computer's boards and produce poor contact and other faults, so that the computer can not work properly. Especially in the rainy season in the south should pay more attention to ensure that the computer should be energized at least once a month, each time the power time should be not less than two hours, so as to avoid humid weather deformation of the card computer can not work properly.
The following is a detailed description of the routine maintenance of the various components of the computer.
3, the computer motherboard routine maintenance
The important role of the computer's motherboard in the computer can not be ignored, the motherboard's performance is good or bad to a certain extent determines the performance of the computer, there are a lot of computer hardware failures are due to the computer's motherboard and other parts of the poor contact or the motherboard is damaged, do a good job of routine maintenance of the motherboard, on the one hand, can extend the life of the computer, and more importantly, the main point is that it will not be able to solve the problem. The life of the computer, more importantly, to ensure the normal operation of the computer, to complete the daily work. Computer motherboard routine maintenance should be done mainly to prevent dust and moisture, CPU, memory sticks, display cards and other important components are inserted in the motherboard, if too much dust, it is possible to make the motherboard and the various components of the contact between the poor, such and such unknown faults, to your work and entertainment to bring a lot of trouble; if the environment is too humid, then, the motherboard is very easy to deform and produce poor contact and other faults that affects your normal use. In addition, in the assembly of the computer, fixed motherboard screws should not be screwed too tightly, the screws should be used with the same strength, if the screws are too tight, it is easy to make the motherboard deformation.
4, CPU routine maintenance
To extend the life of the CPU, to ensure that the computer is normal, stable to complete the daily work, first of all, to ensure that the CPU work in the normal frequency. Through overclocking to improve the performance of the computer is not desirable, in your experience of the so-called high performance, you are also taking your CPU life in the bet, unless the overclocking has a fervent pursuit of, want to drain the CPU of every bit of energy Diyer, in the normal operation of the computer, try to let the CPU work at the rated frequency. On the other hand, as a computer with a relatively large heat-generating components, the CPU's cooling problem can not be ignored, if the CPU can not be well dissipated, it may cause the system to run abnormally, the machine restarted for no reason, crash and other failures, to your CPU to choose a good cooling fan is essential. In addition, if the machine has been working normally then do not move the CPU, clean up the chassis to clean the CPU after the installation must pay attention to be installed in place, so as not to cause the machine can not start failure.
5, the memory of routine maintenance
For the memory stick, the need to pay attention to is in the upgrade of the memory stick, try to choose and the previous brand, the same frequency of the memory stick and the previous memory stick to match the use of the system can be avoided to run normally and other faults.
6, the graphics card and sound card routine maintenance
Graphics card is also a computer of a major heat generator, now the graphics card with a separate cooling fan, usually pay attention to the graphics card fan is running normally, whether there is a noticeable noise, or is not flexible, turn a moment on the phenomenon of stopping, such as the discovery of the above problems, to replace the graphics card in a timely manner, in order to extend the life of the graphics card. If you find any of the above problems, replace the cooling fan of the graphics card in time to extend the service life of the graphics card. For sound cards, it is important to note that when plugging in and out of microphones and speakers, be sure to do so with the power off, and do not perform these operations in a charged environment to avoid damage to other accessories.
7, the daily maintenance of the hard disk and the use of precautions
In order to make the hard disk can work better, in the use of the above points should be noted:
7.1 hard disk is being read, write the operation can not be suddenly cut off
The hard disk rotation speed is very high nowadays, usually 5,400 rpm or 7,200 rpm, the hard disk is in high speed spinning when the hard disk is being read, write the operation, the hard disk is in high speed spinning, the hard disk is in high speed spinning. When reading and writing, the hard disk is in a high-speed rotating state, and a sudden power failure may cause damage to the hard disk due to violent friction between the magnetic head and the platters. In the shutdown must pay attention to the chassis panel on the hard disk indicator is still flashing, if the hard disk indicator flashes more than that the hard disk read, write operation has not been completed, this time it is not appropriate to immediately turn off the power, only when the hard disk indicator stops flashing, hard disk to complete the read, write operation can be shut down.
7.2 Pay attention to maintain environmental health
When using the microcomputer in a humid, dusty and dusty environment, there will be more pollutants adsorbed on the surface of the printed circuit boards and the internal spindle motor, affecting the normal operation of the hard disk, the installation of the hard disk with the back of the printed circuit boards facing down, to reduce the contact between the dust and the circuit boards; In addition, the humid environment will also be In addition, the humid environment will also make the insulation resistance and other electronic devices work unstable, in the hard disk read, write operations are very easy to produce data loss and other faults. Therefore, it is important to maintain a clean environment and reduce the amount of humidity and dust in the air.
7.3 Do not open the hard disk cover
If the hard disk has a physical failure, do not open the hard disk cover by yourself, because if the dust in the air enters into the hard disk, it will scratch the platters or heads when the magnetic head reads or writes the operation, and if you really need to open the cover of the hard disk to repair, you must send to the professional manufacturer to repair it, and do not open the hard disk cover by yourself.
7.4 Do the hard disk shockproof measures
Hard disk is a precision device, the work of the magnetic head in the surface of the disk floating height of only a few microns, when the hard disk is in the read, write state, once a large vibration, may cause the magnetic head and the impact of the disk, resulting in damage to the hard disk. Therefore, when the microcomputer is running it is best not to move it, in addition, the hard disk in the movement or transport is best protected by foam or sponge packaging to minimize vibration.
7.5 Control of ambient temperature
Hard disk work will produce a certain amount of heat, the use of the temperature to 20-25 ℃ is appropriate, the temperature is too high will cause the hard disk circuit components fail, the magnetic media will be due to the effect of thermal expansion and affect the accuracy of the record; if the temperature is too low, the moisture in the air will be condensed in the integrated circuit components and cause a short circuit. If the temperature is too low, moisture in the air will condense on the integrated circuit components and cause short circuit. Try not to make the hard disk close to such as speakers, speakers, motors, TV, cell phones and other magnetic fields to avoid interference.
7.6 Getting the hard drive right
When the hard drive is in your hand, don't bump it to cause physical damage, and another thing you need to pay attention to is to prevent static electricity from damaging the hard drive. Especially in the dry climate is very easy to generate static electricity, if you are not careful to touch the back of the hard disk circuit board, static electricity may hurt the hard disk electronic components, resulting in the hard disk can not run normally. The correct way to hold a hard drive is to grab both sides of the drive with your hands and avoid direct contact with the circuit boards on the back of the drive.
8, the daily maintenance of the optical drive
The computer's optical drive is prone to disease, its failure rate is second only to the mouse, if the maintenance is good, the optical drive can be used normally for many years, if the use of improper or maintenance is not enough, some can only be used for about half a year, the optical drive in the day to pay attention to the following:
8.1 Keep the optical drive clean
Every time you use the optical drive, the optical disk is inevitably brought into some of the gray. CD-ROM are inevitably brought into some of the dust, dust, if it falls on the laser transmitter head, will cause the optical drive to read data difficulties, affecting the quality of the laser head to read the disk and life, but also affect the precision of the internal mechanical components of the optical drive, so the indoor must be kept clean to reduce dust. Clean the mechanical parts inside the optical drive generally available cotton swabs to wipe, the laser head can not be used with alcohol or other cleaners to wipe, if you must clean, you can use the airbag against the laser head to blow off the dust, the operation must be careful, a little inattention may cause damage to the laser head.
8.2 Try to use genuine CD-ROMs
Although some pirated CD-ROMs (especially VCD disks) can be played normally, due to the low quality, the optical path on the disk is biased, and the optical drive reads the disk with frequent error correction, which makes it easy for the laser head control components to deteriorate, and accelerates mechanical wear and tear inside the optical drive. The newest addition to the U.S. market is a new version of the U.S. Windows Vista.
8.3 Try to use the virtual CD-ROM drive
We use the computer for entertainment to listen to CD music, watch VCDs and play games, which will inevitably cause wear and tear on the CD-ROM drive, continuous playback of VCDs for a few hours, the fatigue of the CD-ROM drive greatly increased, and continue to have a serious impact on the life of the CD-ROM drive. This will not only speed up access, but also extend the life of the CD-ROM drive.
8.4 Adopting the habit of using the optical drive correctly
There are many bad habits when we use the optical drive, such as closing the door directly with your hand, forcing the disc to eject the door when the disc is spinning at a high speed, and not removing the disc when you shut down or restart the computer, etc. These are all bad habits that directly affect the service life of the optical drive. CD-ROMs should be taken out when not in use, because as long as the computer is on, the optical drive is still working even if you don't use the CD-ROM.
9, the preservation and maintenance of the CD-ROM
The CD-ROM stores a large amount of information, save a long time, but the CD-ROM if not properly preserved out of easy to damage. CD-ROMs should be kept in a special CD-ROM case to avoid dust or dirt contamination, and to avoid hard objects scratching. It is better not to wrap a plastic bag around the disc, because after a long time the plastic will be aging and may stick together with the disc, and may peel off the protective layer and data layer when removing the plastic bag, resulting in damage to the disc. While paying attention to the front side of the disc, you should also pay attention to the back side of the disc, if the back side of the disc is scratched or peeled off, it will cause light leakage, and the laser emitted by the laser head will not be reflected, which will cause the disc not to work properly, and may even damage the disc. Don't touch the front of the disc when you hold it in your hand, so that sweat and stains on your hand don't stick to the disc and cause some difficulties when reading it.
10, the display of routine maintenance
Display such as improper use, not only will the performance of the rapid decline, but also greatly shorten the life expectancy, and even in the use of two or three years after the end of life, so be sure to pay attention to the display of routine maintenance.
10.1 Don't switch on and off the monitor regularly
Don't switch on and off the monitor too often, and it's best to wait a minute or two between switching on and off. Switching on and off too quickly can easily cause high voltage to be generated instantly inside the monitor, which can cause the current to be too high and the CRT to be burned out. If you don't use the monitor for an hour or two, it's best to turn it off. For home PCs, it's recommended that you turn off the whole set when you don't use it at night.
10.2 Dustproof
The high voltage inside the monitor is as high as 10KV-30KV, and such a high voltage is very likely to attract dust in the air, and the control circuit board adsorbs too much dust, which will affect the heat distribution of the electronic components, causing the temperature of the components to rise and burn the components. Dust may also absorb moisture in the air, corrosion of the internal lines of the monitor, resulting in some inexplicable failures. It is best to buy a special dust cover for the monitor, after each use should be promptly covered with a dust cover, remove the dust on the monitor screen, remember to turn off the power of the monitor, you should also unplug the monitor's power cord and signal cable, wipe with a soft cloth from the center of the screen outward, if the dust is difficult to remove, can be used to degrease the cotton pads dipped in limited to a small amount of water and carefully wiped, can not be used with alcohol and other chemical solutions to wipe, and so on. In addition, the long-term use of the display case will accumulate a lot of dust, do not remove will accelerate the aging of the display, you can use a brush to erase the dust and dirt on the display case, to use a dry cloth to wipe, as far as possible, do not use a water-soaked wet cloth wipe. Be careful not to touch the circuit components.
10.3 Moisture Protection
Long time no use of the monitor should be regularly powered on for a period of time, so that the heat generated by the display work to expel the moisture inside the machine, because when the indoor humidity ≤ 30%, will make the display mechanical friction part of the generation of static interference, the internal components of the electrostatic damage to the likelihood of increasing the impact of the normal operation of the display; humidity exceeds 80%, the display will produce internal condensation phenomenon, and the display will be able to provide the necessary information. The display will produce internal condensation phenomenon, the internal power transformer and other coils are also susceptible to moisture leakage, and may even mold broken connecting line.
10.4 Anti-Magnetic Field Interference
Electromagnetic field interference will make the circuit should not have voltage and current, do not place a strong magnetic field in the room where the computer placed material (such as radios, etc.), multimedia speakers must be selected to anti-magnetic effect of the good and try to stay away from the display.
As a major heat source of the monitor, the production tube will accelerate the aging of components when working at too high an ambient temperature, and even some of the solder joints may be melted and fall off due to the solder, resulting in a dry circuit that makes the monitor unstable. You should give the monitor a well-ventilated environment to ensure that there is enough space for heat dissipation.
10.5 Anti-glare
The glare will make the screen reflective and cause the picture to be dim, and it is very easy to hurt your eyes when you are working on the monitor, and it will also accelerate the aging of the phosphor of the picture tube, reduce the luminous efficiency, and shorten the service life of the monitor. Therefore, do not place the monitor in the sunlight irradiation of strong places, the summer in the light must pass through the place to hang a dark cloth to reduce the intensity of its light.
11, the daily maintenance of the keyboard
11.1 Keep clean
Excessive dust will give the circuitry to work properly, sometimes resulting in misuse, impurities fall into the gaps in the keys will be stuck in the keys, and even cause a short circuit. When we clean the keyboard, we can use a soft, clean, damp cloth to wipe, the stains between the key gaps can be cleaned with a cotton swab, do not use medical sterilizing alcohol, so as not to have an adverse effect on the plastic parts. When cleaning the keyboard, be sure to do it in the off state, the wet cloth should not be too wet, so as to avoid the keyboard internal water short circuit.
11.2 Do not spill liquid on the keyboard
Once liquid is spilled on the keyboard, it can cause poor contact, corrode the circuitry causing short circuits and other malfunctions, and damage the keyboard.
11.3 Pay attention to the keys
When you press the keys, you must pay attention to the right amount of force, and the action should be gentle, the strong knock will reduce the life of the keyboard, especially in the game when the keys should pay more attention, do not press the keys hard, in order to avoid damage to the keycaps.
11.4 Don't plug and unplug
Don't plug and unplug the keyboard when replacing it, the harm of plugging and unplugging is very big, it will damage the keyboard and other parts of the computer, which will result in undue loss.
12, the routine maintenance of the mouse
In all computer accessories, the mouse is most prone to failure. Mouse is divided into optical mouse and mechanical mouse
12.1 Avoid dropping and touching the mouse and strongly pulling the wire.
12.2 Do not use excessive force when clicking the mouse as this may damage the elastic switch.
12.3 It is best to have a special mouse pad, which greatly reduces the chance of dirt entering the mouse through the rubber ball, increases the friction between the rubber ball and the mouse pad, and, in the case of an optoelectronic mouse, dampens vibration and maintains the optoelectronic detection element.
12.4 When using a photoelectric mouse, pay attention to keep the photoconductive plate clean so that it is in a better state of light sensitivity, to avoid dirt attached to the photodiode and photosensitive transistor, blocking the light reception.