College graduates start their own businesses
College graduates start their own businesses(1)
Experts: college graduates should be cautious about starting their own businesses
College graduates start their own businesses
College graduates start their own businesses(1)
Experts: college graduates should be cautious about starting their own businesses
In the east entrance of the first cafeteria on the north campus of Communication University of China, you can see countless book covers from a row of large floor-to-ceiling windows. This is where Li Ning, a 2005 graduate of the Communication University of China, has operated a bookstore for a year. Li Ning said that according to the market demand, he would like to add some specialized books.
October 26, 2005, by the Beijing Union University College of Applied Arts and Sciences of the eight fresh graduates of the independent business start-up restaurant "eighty years" opened. 2005, the beginning of the year, not yet graduated from the Zhao Mingchen and other eight people have a joint shareholding to host the school's restaurant ideas, and he resigned from the monthly salary of 6,000 yuan to do so. He also quit his 6,000 RMB monthly job to devote himself to it. Opening night, "eighty years" scene is cold. The first time I saw this, I was able to get the money to pay for it, and I was able to get the money to pay for it.
Reporter He Chenghua
The annual college students leave school, due to the employment pressure increases year by year, more and more college students choose to start their own business. In these independent entrepreneurial college students, there are successful, there is no lack of failure. The reporter learned in the interview, due to experience, lack of funds, college students should be more cautious about starting their own business.
Reporter survey
Entrepreneurship from the employment pressure
Recently, the reporter to several colleges and universities in Qingdao to do a survey on the independent entrepreneurship of college students.
50 fresh graduates to receive the survey, there are 27 people said they intend to start their own business, two of which are actively planning to start their own business after graduation. In this survey, 20 students believe that "capital is the biggest difficulty for college students to start their own business"; 15 students believe that the biggest difficulty is "the lack of necessary and sufficient social relations to carry out the work"; 5 students believe that the most difficult is "I have to continue my education, and I don't have enough time and energy to start a business at this time".
Most of the college students surveyed said that they basically had no experience in entrepreneurship, and that they had only engaged in simple social practice work such as distributing advertisement flyers, product sales, and distributing research questionnaires during their college years, in addition to tutoring. Among the students who intend to start their own business, 12 of them said they would "borrow money from the bank", 6 of them "borrow money from their parents and relatives", 5 of them "raise money through stock raising", and 4 of them "raise money through other means". Four students indicated that they would obtain funds through other means. In terms of the choice of entrepreneurial methods, 5 students chose to go it alone and create their own independent companies, 16 students considered partnering with classmates or friends, and 6 students said they would recruit talented people*** to start their own business. In the choice of investment areas, 5 students chose the IT industry, 6 students chose the public **** or residential service industry, while almost no one chose the transportation, post and telecommunications, culture and education, and broadcasting and television industries.
In the survey, most of the students said that the reason why they have the intention to start their own business is because the employment pressure is getting bigger and bigger, and it is more difficult to find a suitable job for them in the workplace. Some students said that due to the increasing number of university graduates to be employed year by year, the original workplace treatment has become increasingly low, which is far from their initial career intentions, they are not satisfied with the existing professional salary status, independent entrepreneurship is more to consider is to improve their income level. Li Min, a graduate of Qingdao University's Department of Environmental Science, said, "I think it's very free to start my own business. If I have my own company, I don't have to be bound by all kinds of rules and regulations every day, and I can have more time at my disposal." Ocean University of China School of Aquatic Sciences Song said the reason why he chose to start a business, the reason is that his specialty is more operable, he said: "My specialty and aquaculture is very close, and in school during the systematic study of aquatic economic animal breeding, if you run a farm, can generate income and can continue their own scientific research."
Failure case
Partnership business is not good
2005 graduates Zhang's education software store after less than a year of miserable operation ended in closure, the current Zhang still has 100,000 yuan in arrears can not be repaid, in the trough of life. Zhang's store is small, plus investors total *** only 3 people, the pressure of its competition is not big, then why his store will close? Let's review the development process of Xiao Zhang's educational software store.
In May 2005, on the eve of graduation, intends to start his own business Zhang has to Beijing, Shanghai and other places to study the market, a circle down, found that the education software in Qingdao has a large space for development, and investment is not large, easy to operate, and then after a short planning with classmates Xiaoliu (later partner), Zhang from his relatives to get 50,000 yuan of funds, Xiaoliu also financing 20,000 yuan.
In July 2005, just graduated Zhang and Liu rented a 30-square-meter store on a busy road in the island city, the education software store can not wait to open for business. After the opening, Zhang's relatives is the main contributor to do up the store's treasurer, usually all the expenses are in its hands, Zhang and Liu were manager, deputy manager and salesman. When the store just opened, due to the educational software at that time only a few stores operating, once the benefits are good, in Zhang's own words, "then we really tasted the joy of entrepreneurship."
3 months later, Zhang and Liu felt that the small store has been on track, slowly become lazy, the store's income began to decline. Contributors who control the lifeblood of the funds have a tendency to withdraw their money as soon as they see the business slipping, and the income is often not accounted for. After a period of time, Xiaoliu became dissatisfied with Xiao Zhang's relatives and finally decided to withdraw from the store. Xiao Liu's withdrawal, resulting in Xiao Zhang's relatives that the store has been unable to support, and then also retrieve their own 50,000 yuan to withdraw. This educational software store eventually became an empty shell, exist in name only. In the case of the two "major shareholders" have withdrawn, Zhang alone after a few months of hard work, had to declare bankruptcy. Zhang said with emotion: "The reason for the closure of the store is that the partners do not work together, the partnership business is difficult to do ah!
Success Stories
Starting a business requires a long-term vision
A college in Qingdao, 2005 international trade graduates, Ms. Liu, is now the chairman of a foreign trade enterprises, she talked to the reporter about their own entrepreneurial history.
On the eve of graduation at the beginning of 2005, Ms. Liu, like other students, longed to find a stable income and relatively free work. However, it was not to be, after several efforts, Ms. Liu never found a suitable job. A job search experience still haunts her, Ms. Liu said: "In May 2005, I went to the Hot River Road, a foreign trade company to apply for jobs, the company after nearly 2 hours of written tests, and then interviews, interviews, I thought I answered quite well. But when I walked out of the office, I heard the person who conducted the interview say that because I was fatter, I didn't want to accept me." That interview was very stimulating for Ms. Liu, and from then on she decided to start her own business as a boss and prove herself.
In July 2005, Ms. Liu went back to her hometown to practice with her father's business to supplement her "business experience". Since then half a year, Ms. Liu by the beginning of the apprenticeship, gradually become a businessman can stand alone. A year later, nearly half of her father's business relies on her to operate, but Ms. Liu is not satisfied with her father's shade life. She says, "When I graduated, I left Qingdao with great reluctance, but after that I always insisted on returning to Qingdao on my own merits, and I always felt that Qingdao, where I had studied and lived for four years, was the best place for me to develop." After a year of practice, Ms. Liu has accumulated quite a wealth of experience, and in accordance with the initial "contract" set with her father, in the process of operating with her father, she dug the "first bucket of gold". September 2005, one year and two months after Ms. Liu graduated from university, she returned to Qingdao and registered her own foreign trade company. Soon after, her boyfriend joined the company and strengthened its strength. Since then, Ms. Liu and her boyfriend have been dividing up the work, with her running for customers and her boyfriend being responsible for the day-to-day management of the company's headquarters in Qingdao. In the interview, when the reporter asked Ms. Liu entrepreneurial two years **** counted how much profit to achieve, she always laughs and does not answer. But its purchase of a set of 1.2 million yuan in the island's prime residential enough to let people see a leopard.
Talking about her entrepreneurial experience, Ms. Liu is not shy. She said that choosing the right business project is the first difficulty. Due to the lack of work experience of college students, not to mention the lack of understanding of the market situation, often because of the choice of an inappropriate project and lead to business failure. She combined with her own experience suggests that college students to start their own business is best to choose their own interest and have a certain understanding of the industry, "only after an interest in an industry, you will go to study it in depth, in order to play in the industry to maximize their potential."
With the development of the direction, just the basic step of entrepreneurship, the next vital is the capital, today's society from scratch the opportunity is very small. So how to get the original capital to start a business? Ms. Liu said, in fact, there are many ways to source funds. If you lack of start-up capital, you can look for investors, this investor can be your relatives, friends, but also business partners, Ms. Liu said that the search for suitable investors, and to mutual recognition of the two sides generally need a long process, the need for patience. "I want to tell college students who have the heart of entrepreneurship, don't worry too much about money, as long as your project is good, you will definitely find investors, so stick to it, but only if you have a detailed plan and good feasibility program." She said. Another source of funds is to accumulate bit by bit, give full play to the dynamic role of capital, so that small money into big money, resulting in a "snowball" effect, entrepreneurship must be done at the beginning of thrift, the usual expenditure to do the most detailed budget to reduce unnecessary funding; at present, all levels of government on the independent entrepreneurship of college students also provides a lot of support conditions, fresh college students as long as the conditions are met generally also provide a lot of support. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands on a new computer, and you'll be able to get it to work for you.
Choose a good industry, the money is also in place does not necessarily start the business. Ms. Liu said: "To successfully run a company, there must be a long-term development plan, the company's inception should be thought of 5 years or even more than 10 years of development direction, so the development of a detailed development plan is very necessary. The initial goal of my company plan has been reached and I now have a temporary office and 4 employees. The most recent plan is to change to a larger office in September this year, buy the appropriate equipment, and recruit more than 8 employees to initially build up the scale of the company." Ms. Liu said she will not rush to expand the business for the time being, the most important thing at present is to further close the existing customer relationship, lay a good foundation.
The other side of the mountain
Shanghai entrepreneurial policy is more
Shanghai launched preferential policies for college students to start their own business is both preferential and affordable. The following list of preferential policies for college students launched in 2005 is not a cliché, Shanghai as a pilot city, a good way to naturally have to learn from the reasons, these policies should also be able to give the city this year want to start a business college students to bring some hope.
1. College graduates (including university colleges, undergraduates and postgraduates) engaged in self-employment, from the date of approval of the business, 1 year exemption from the registration fee for self-employed households, self-employed household management fees, the cost of the model text of the economic contract. In addition, if you set up an informal enterprise, you can be exempted from tax for 3 years by simply registering in your district or county street.
2. Independent entrepreneurial college students, apply to the bank for business loan guarantee up to 70,000 yuan, and enjoy the loan subsidy. At present, this policy of microfinance is operated and implemented by various local governments, so there are many governments that have made this issue clear in their own policy regulations, including its standard and amount, according to their own policies in various places to do some regulations.
3. The Shanghai Municipality has set up an entrepreneurship education and training center specifically for fresh graduates to provide free project risk assessment and guidance to help college students better grasp market opportunities.
4. Fresh graduate students, Shanghai's ordinary colleges and universities, ordinary colleges and universities under the State Council's ministries (commissions, offices, and bureaus) and local ordinary colleges and universities included in the "211 Project" can choose to apply directly for a one-year validity period for the introduction of talent "Shanghai Residence Permit" and apply for the approval of the city's household registration. Household registration. If the application for settlement is not approved, you can still apply for a residence permit.
Expert Opinion
There are three major difficulties for college students to start their own business
Mr. Zhao Shengwen of Qingdao University's Student Affairs Office, who has been engaged in the work of students for many years, said that even though all levels of the government are also encouraging and appealing to college students to start their own business, it is not in accordance with the wishes of the college students to start their own business with fewer successes and more failures, and he believes that at present, college students have three difficulties in starting their own business.
First of all, college students lack the necessary operational experience and business knowledge, many entrepreneurs are unable to express their creative planning accurately and clearly, lack of understanding of the market and competitors, lack of real and effective . The first is that they are not able to make a correct and practical blueprint of the development plan, lack of clear positioning of their own, do not know what kind of value their entrepreneurial projects will create for the market, whether users or consumers will consider buying their products and services; can not maintain the normal operation of the enterprise after the establishment. All these reflect the lack of knowledge and experience of college students in entrepreneurship.
Secondly, there is a lack of rational means of handling funds and a misunderstanding of attracting investment. Some student entrepreneurs in order to get the funds, low-priced shares, technology or creative, resulting in some of the entrepreneurs holding the core technology in the operation of its technology company for a period of time, the initial investment agreement is dissatisfied with the destruction of the contract, and ultimately in the capital market to lose credibility; part of the entrepreneurs, in order to get the funds, lopsided belief in the investor, the case of not getting the necessary support, but still hold investors do not let go of, resulting in the project, The company can not be sustained; some student entrepreneurs are irresponsible to venture capital, take the investors' funds to invest without purpose, consume a lot of manpower and material resources but not the slightest return. This kind of capital utilization directly affects the confidence of subsequent investors, and is the main reason why most student entrepreneurs lack subsequent capital after operating for a period of time. Therefore, for the early stage of the startup company, should be introduced to some of the real strength, can provide value-added services, and entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs concept of unity of investors, entrepreneurs themselves in the use of funds should also be cautious.
Third, some student entrepreneurs are too blind, which is a common problem of student entrepreneurship. Student entrepreneurs should have the necessary "risk awareness", can withstand the risks and failures, the company, employees, investors must have a sense of responsibility, the actual operation of the spirit of pragmatism, down-to-earth work.
Mr. Zhao said, the chances of success of college students to start a business is 3% to 5%, the root cause is still a lack of experience and market research, although many students have the intention to start a business, but the actual entrepreneurship is not much, entrepreneurial success is even more rare, he reminded the majority of graduates with entrepreneurial intentions to be cautious.
Policies to encourage independent entrepreneurship
The reporter learned that the city's independent entrepreneurship of college students to take a supportive attitude, and for the independent entrepreneurship of college students to provide many preferential policies. Graduates engaged in self-employment, in addition to national restrictions on the industry, from the date of approval of the business sector to operate within two years from the date of exemption from payment of industrial and commercial, health, environmental protection and other departments and street offices of the registration and management of the various administrative fees. Graduates who founded companies in the field of high and new technology can apply to the municipal science and technology department and the business administration department, and after confirmation by the relevant departments, the proportion of their industrial property rights and non-patent technology contributions can account for up to 35% of the total registered capital. For graduates who start their own business, in addition to participating in social pension, medical care and unemployment insurance and all other expenses paid by individuals, their files are voluntarily stored by themselves in the personnel or labor security department, the management fee is reduced by half. For those who seek self-employment, start their own business or operate in partnership, they may apply for small guaranteed loans for the unemployed in accordance with the regulations for the portion of their funds that is insufficient to finance their own business. For graduates who do not want to continue to operate within two years from the date of graduation and find employment in the unit again, can be given by the municipal department in charge of the employment of graduates to re-apply for employment dispatch procedures.
Fujian to develop entrepreneurial approach
In the last three years, more than 15% of college graduates in Fujian each year failed to find employment. Chen Dong, secretary of the Fujian Provincial Committee of the *** Youth League, proposed to formulate and introduce the "Fujian Province to promote the employment of college students, entrepreneurship approach", the implementation of entrepreneurial mentoring program for college students in Fujian Province. In the proposal, Chen Dong explains his own insights:
First, for entrepreneurial college students to provide "one-on-one" entrepreneurial mentor. Mentors are volunteered by successful entrepreneurs to provide job training positions for college students, to provide three-year "companion" entrepreneurial guidance for college entrepreneurs, and to assist college students to enter the local business network.
Second, to provide start-up capital for entrepreneurial college students. College student entrepreneurs do not need any form of collateral guarantee to obtain funding, but need to be repaid in installments. At the end of the repayment period, the student entrepreneur will be given a "student entrepreneurship credit certificate".
Third, the business community is involved and plays a major role. Many socially responsible entrepreneurs and business executives participate in the promotion and management of the program as volunteers, either by providing financial, technical, and network support, or by encouraging their employees to volunteer as mentors.
Fourth, the establishment of college student employment, entrepreneurship counseling and training funds. In the form of government departments arranging part of the special funds and mobilizing all walks of life to jointly finance the establishment of a special counseling and training fund to promote the employment and entrepreneurship education, training and practice of college students.
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College students graduated from the independent entrepreneurship (two)
About college students graduated from the independent entrepreneurship of some of the views
See a post, said that after the graduation of the independent entrepreneurship. I didn't pay much attention to it. College students always imagine that they will have a good career and a bright future, and I also believe that they will work hard for it, not just talk about it. I'm not sure if I've ever seen the same thing before,
but I'm not sure if I've ever seen the same thing before. I can't help but laugh. It's really the first time I've been there.
I've had a few years of intermittent work experience. I've seen and heard of a lot of people who have been in the business for a long time. I've seen and heard of a lot of
failures. They all have a passion, they all have a passion, they all have struggled, but the result is the same: start all over again.
What I mean by this is that passion is not enough. Fresh graduates usually lack work experience, lack of understanding of
things, simplify their careers, and don't fully understand the difficulties of entrepreneurship.
First, everything is difficult at the beginning. Especially an inexperienced one. Do you believe that a company will give a no background, no experience, no
research, only dozens of pages or hundreds of pages of planning to support the "company" or "group" investment? There is no doubt that a normal
company would not use the money to spend.
Of course, if your dad has money or power, that's a different story.
Second, even if you are successful in fundraising, do you have a good plan on how to use the money? Money is something that always gets lost without you realizing it
. Especially if you are not the only one who controls the money, and the other "shareholders" disagree with your plan
or even reject it completely, what do you do? There's always a need for money, and money should be spent wisely. Quite often,
especially if you're inexperienced, you're going to spend money you don't have. And, I emphatically want to say that it's best not to get involved with money with friends.
Though money relationships are the purest ones. :P Otherwise, in the end, you will realize that between you and your friends, it will become a delicate relationship
.
Third, many unexpected difficulties await you. Do you have enough courage and ability, and sometimes patience, to put them all
one by one? For example, your "staff" is not as capable as you thought, or many other factors lead to the completion of your program
, will make you feel stretched. Sometimes you're baffled by what kind of trouble you're in.
You are not afraid of difficulties, not afraid to fall, indomitable, and finally can be refined into real gold. I'm afraid that by then, your "full real gold"
will lack of entrepreneurial passion. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that. To work for others and do it yourself, are two different things.
Fourth, if you listen to the above words, or want to try to start their own business. Then, I just want to say the last sentence: the present
reality, will teach you everything (I mean, at the beginning, you will certainly bump into the head. Hehehe. Be prepared to break your shoes
).
Maybe it's because I don't feel good about all companies. I think all companies are the same. I've been in state-owned enterprises, private companies, joint ventures, and only one more. They each have their own shortcomings. Anyway, I feel that the so-called career,
is that you continue to climb up the ladder, and continue to be difficult with yourself, and finally the high place is not cold, and is considered to have their own career.
Meh.
If you have not worked on your own, with your own simple ideas, it is difficult to realize the pain and difficulty of management
. The most difficult part of management is the people. I think I'm the best kind of employee who thinks about the company the most. But I also
feel dissatisfied with the company. No employee really feels that way about his or her company as described in management books. You may think
I'm biased, but it's true.
There is always an unbridgeable gap between reality and imagination.
If you want to start your own business:
1, if you don't have a skill or specialty in the business you want to start
2, if you don't know accounting, tax, law
3, if you don't have a loyal and reliable staff or friends to support you when you do something wrong
4, if you don't even have the ability to manage yourself well, the life is not routine
I advise you to find a company to work for someone else.
I'm tired of talking about this. I'm not sure if you're going to listen to me or not, but I'm sure you're going to want to. I don't want to talk about anything else.
Don't toss your money.
This is the first time I've ever seen a woman in the world.
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