Quality management of environmental monitoring
Environmental monitoring is the process of accurately measuring data, scientifically analyzing data and rationally and comprehensively utilizing data, and is an important basis for environmental legislation, law enforcement, planning and decision-making. Environmental monitoring quality management is an important part of environmental monitoring, environmental monitoring stations at all levels of survival and development of the basis for improving environmental monitoring quality management is to ensure that the monitoring data to meet the requirements of representativeness, accuracy, precision, comparability and completeness of the important measures for environmental monitoring for environmental management, law enforcement and scientific research activities to provide technical support for the fundamental premise. It can be seen that the quality management of environmental monitoring plays a pivotal role in environmental monitoring work.
1 environmental monitoring quality management guarantee
Environmental monitoring quality management is to ensure the quality of environmental monitoring and the implementation of a variety of management behavior. Environmental monitoring activities include water, gas, sound, soil and ecological monitoring and other fields, involving program design, point layout, sampling, field testing, sample transportation, drug preparation, analysis and testing, data processing, data review, comprehensive analysis and evaluation of all monitoring links. Environmental monitoring management includes administrative management, technical management and resource security and other aspects.
1.1 Technical Assurance
In order to ensure the standardization of monitoring activities and the comparability of monitoring results, monitoring activities in various fields have established a corresponding technical system, which stipulates the technical requirements for various monitoring behaviors. To date, more than 20 monitoring technical specifications and nearly 500 environmental monitoring method standards including water and wastewater, air and exhaust gas, seawater, biological, noise, soil and solid waste and other environmental factors have been promulgated.
Quality control of environmental monitoring activities is one of the main elements of monitoring quality management. Monitoring technical specifications and monitoring method standards are not only the basis for carrying out various monitoring activities, but also for the implementation of monitoring quality control provides an important technical basis and guarantee. Sampling points or cross-section setting principles, monitoring environment and working conditions of the demand, monitoring behavior of the operation of technical requirements, monitoring instrument commissioning requirements of the technical indicators, quality control means of selection, quality control frequency requirements, quality control results of the evaluation of indicators of conformity judgment based on the basic requirements of laboratory water and chemical reagents, etc., all the quality control behavior is based on the monitoring of technical requirements as the basic basis, so a sound monitoring technical specifications and monitoring method standards not only carry out the monitoring activities, but also provide an important technical basis and guarantee for the implementation of monitoring quality control. All the quality control behavior is based on the monitoring technical requirements as the basic basis, so the perfect monitoring technical system is the monitoring of the quality management of the strong spiritual support, is to ensure that the monitoring data representativeness, accuracy and reliability of the basic guarantee.
With the development of science and technology, monitoring means and technology also continue to progress, the existing methods for timely demonstration. Cleanup and revision, as soon as possible to fill the gaps in monitoring methods for organic pollution monitoring, online monitoring, automatic monitoring, emergency monitoring and rapid monitoring and other areas of monitoring methods, increase the standard method of preliminary research input and support, accelerate the research and transformation of international standards or foreign standards, and carry out research on quality control techniques to match the monitoring methods, the establishment of a quality control index system, etc., have become an important guarantee to promote the quality of management work.
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1.2 Capacity guarantee
Monitoring capacity is one of the basic conditions for environmental monitoring and quality assurance. In recent years, with all levels of government on environmental protection and environmental protection monitoring work, various channels of environmental monitoring capacity building investment continues to increase, the level of instrumentation has been strengthened, large-scale monitoring instruments and equipment in the environmental monitoring work has been more popular in the application, not only to improve the monitoring efficiency, but also for the monitoring of the quality of the monitoring of the necessary conditions. But for some economically less developed areas, environmental monitoring capacity is far from being able to meet the requirements of the monitoring task, there are old and aging instruments and equipment, insufficient number of auxiliary facilities are not equipped with a large proportion of manual monitoring and other phenomena.
In recent years, the environmental quality of routine monitoring, supervisory monitoring, acceptance monitoring, special monitoring, petition monitoring and emergency monitoring and other aspects of the `monitoring tasks are more and more, the monitoring project continues to increase, the monitoring field is constantly expanding, the environmental monitoring station is under increasing pressure. To adapt to the current monitoring task needs and the level of technological development of monitoring capacity building, with the necessary monitoring capabilities, is not only the need to complete the increasingly burdensome monitoring tasks, but also to adapt to the new monitoring situation, but also to ensure the quality of monitoring prerequisites.
1.3 Personnel security
Environmental monitoring personnel is the main body of monitoring work, is an important factor in ensuring the quality of monitoring. The licensing assessment, technical training and technical training activities for timely updating of knowledge, improve the business, enhance the awareness of quality management plays an important role. At present, in the case of increased monitoring tasks, expansion of the monitoring field, more monitoring projects and limited number of monitoring personnel, in order to adapt to the ever-developing monitoring business needs, the monitoring personnel not only increase the intensity of their work, but also require them to learn theoretical knowledge, increase practical experience and improve the technical level. However, from the city's monitoring of the status of technical personnel, the technical force is mixed, technical training, learning and exchange opportunities are fewer, resulting in the basic theory of technical personnel, technical level and work experience from the requirements of the monitoring work there is still a certain gap; in the quality of management staffing is not enough attention to the selection of technical understanding, understanding of the management, work experience, a high degree of responsibility, and has a certain prestige of the person in charge of this work. Arrangements are made to take charge of this work. While strengthening monitoring capacity building, attention should be paid to monitoring talent team building, especially focusing on talent introduction and re-education mechanism reform. Take a foothold in the reality and the principle of combining long-term planning, increase the introduction of talent, strengthen the existing personnel training and education, the implementation of multi-pronged approach to monitoring and even quality management work to provide an important safeguard force.
1.4 Physical security
The accuracy of monitoring data needs to be guaranteed by the relevant foundation. At present, the environmental monitoring system relies on the benchmark system is mainly a national benchmark, some do not have a national benchmark of the use of foreign benchmarks, mainly used for instrument verification, calibration and analytical testing. The basis for traceability and transfer of values is weak, and the relative work mainly relies on technical supervision departments and the Institute of Standard Samples of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. According to the relevant provisions of the state, the strong inspection instruments have the relevant qualification of the metrological verification department to implement the verification, non-strength inspection instruments can be used or commissioned by the qualified measurement unit to implement the calibration. Most of the environmental monitoring organizations in China do not carry out self-calibration of non-compulsory instruments, firstly, because they do not have the calibration conditions, and secondly, in order to reduce the trouble of clarifying the ability of self-calibration and reviewing the results. For the current needs of environmental monitoring work, in order to strengthen the accuracy and comparability of monitoring data, the establishment of a complete, unified benchmark system is very necessary. Environmental standard samples, as the carrier of quantitative value transfer, is an important material guarantee for quality control, and plays a major role in analytical testing, quality assessment, licensing assessment, instrument calibration, method validation and technical arbitration and other aspects. However, at present, the strength of China's environmental standard materials is obviously insufficient, and there are problems such as single material, simple matrix, fewer types, fewer batch numbers and fewer concentration changes. Increase the research efforts of standard samples, the development of heavy planning, to solve the difficulties in monitoring, to meet the needs of monitoring and quality management work has been imperative.
1.5 Financial guarantee mechanism
In recent years, the state and local governments to increase investment in environmental monitoring capacity building, monitoring stations at all levels of instrumentation level has been greatly improved, the monitoring work of the financial support is also gradually increased. However, in the case of limited increase in operating funds for environmental monitoring, the increasing price of monitoring instruments testing and calibration, the more expensive standard sample prices, higher instrument running costs, etc. has become a difficult point of expenditure, and some monitoring stations even have instruments can not afford to open the situation. Therefore, less or not buy standard samples, less or not do quality control, extend the instrument verification or calibration cycle, etc. may reduce the financial expenditure measures, long-term, will inevitably affect the quality of monitoring. Adequate financial security is a prerequisite for good work, the state and local should continue to increase investment, and will be included in the fixed annual plan, and special use.
2 Environmental monitoring quality management regulations, systems and methods
According to the needs of the development of the environmental situation, the former State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 and 2007, respectively, promulgated the "environmental monitoring quality management regulations", "environmental monitoring personnel licensed to the assessment system" and "environmental monitoring management methods". The release of these regulations, systems and methods provides a clearer regulatory basis for the promotion of environmental monitoring quality management and the development of various innovative work. Its main contents are:
(1) emphasized the legal attributes of environmental monitoring. Awareness reaffirms the environmental quality monitoring, supervisory monitoring of pollution sources, emergency monitoring of environmental pollution incidents, environmental conditions for the investigation and evaluation of environmental management activities to provide monitoring data for other environmental monitoring activities room governmental action; Secondly, it provides for the legal effect of the results of environmental monitoring; Thirdly, it is emphasized that the environmental monitoring activities are protected by law.
(2) clear quality management and licensing assessment of responsibilities. Formally put forward the concept of quality management of the whole process of environmental monitoring, reiterated the environmental monitoring station to achieve the corresponding monitoring capacity in accordance with the provisions of the construction standards, environmental monitoring personnel training, assessment, induction provisions, emphasizing the environmental authorities and environmental monitoring stations in the quality management and licensing responsibilities; clear qualification and quality management personnel and their specific responsibilities of the environmental monitoring body.
(3) a more detailed overview of the scope of work and key aspects of quality management, emphasizing the quality management of environmental monitoring is an important part of environmental monitoring work. The various aspects of monitoring put forward specific quality requirements; monitoring methods, evaluation criteria selection also put forward standardized requirements; put forward the accuracy and authenticity of monitoring information is responsible for.
(4) emphasized the procedural, documentary, institutionalized amount of standardized quality management work, the role of quality management system. Requirements for all quality management activities should be carried out under the scope of the quality management system, and in accordance with the relevant requirements to carry out ? Measurement value traceability? The quality management system should be carried out under the scope of the quality management system and according to the relevant requirements. Measurement value transfer? The quality management system should be implemented under the scope of quality management system and according to the relevant requirements. Proficiency testing, comparison and method validation? The quality management activities.
(5) clarifies the hierarchical management of licensed work, the scope of assessment, pre-service technical training, assessment procedures, assessment content and assessment methods.
(6) emphasized the issue of financial assurance, put forward penalty provisions.
Environmental monitoring quality management is an important part of environmental monitoring work, environmental monitoring stations at all levels of survival and development of the foundation, improve the quality management of technology, capacity, personnel, material and financial security is the fundamental requirement of quality management work, but also to ensure that the monitoring data to meet the requirements of representativeness, accuracy, precision, comparability and completeness of the important measures for environmental monitoring for environmental management, law enforcement and scientific research activities. It is also an important measure to ensure that the monitoring data meet the requirements of representativeness, accuracy, precision, comparability and completeness.
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