1, different materials
Ceramic capacitors have no polarity, electrolytic capacitors have polarity.
2, different capacity
Ceramic capacitors are generally smaller capacity, electrolytic capacitors can be made to a large capacity value.
3, different uses
Ceramic capacitors are generally used for signal source filtering, while electrolytic capacitors are generally used in the power supply section.
Role:
Electrolytic capacitors are widely used in household appliances and a variety of electronic products, its capacity range is large, generally 1 ~ 33000μF, rated voltage range of 6.3 ~ 700V. Its disadvantage is the dielectric loss, the capacity of the error is large (the maximum permissible deviation of +100%, -20%), the high temperature resistance is poor, stored for a long time easy to fail.
Ceramic capacitors have good high-frequency characteristics and are mostly used in high-frequency circuits. Ceramic capacitors can filter out high frequency ripple, so it can be used as a high-pass filter. Ceramic capacitors can be used for pure AC circuits.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Ceramic Capacitors
Baidu Encyclopedia - Electrolytic Capacitors