Knowledge of Personal Radiation Protection 1. How can the public respond to a nuclear and radiation emergency? In the event of a nuclear and radiological emergency, the first thing the public must do is to obtain as much credible information as possible about the emergency, and to understand the decisions and notifications of the *** department.
The public should keep in touch with the local *** through various means, and remember not to believe rumors or gossip. The second thing is to quickly take the necessary precautions to protect yourself.
For example, you can choose the nearest building to hide, you should close the doors and windows, turn off the ventilation equipment. According to the local *** arrangements for the implementation of organized and orderly evacuation.
When a radioactive dispersal event is judged to have occurred, remember not to face the wind nor run with the wind, should try to hide to the side of the wind, and quickly enter the building to hide. Take respiratory protection, including covering your mouth and nose with a wet towel or piece of cloth to filter out radioactive particles.
If radioactive contamination of body surfaces is suspected, use bathing and changing clothes to minimize radioactive contamination. Prevent ingestion of contaminated food or water.
In the event of a nuclear and radiological emergency, the public should pay special attention to maintaining a stable state of mind and should not be frightened. 2. What are the early protective measures for nuclear and radiation emergencies? Early refers to the occurrence of nuclear and radiation emergencies within 1 to 2 days after the occurrence of protective measures that can be used on the personnel are: concealment, respiratory protection, taking stable iodine, evacuation, control of import and export access, and so on.
Among them, respiratory protection is the action of covering the nose with a dry or wet towel, which can prevent or reduce the inhalation of radionuclides. Taking stabilized iodine prevents or reduces the deposition of radioactive iodine in the smoke plume in the thyroid gland after it enters the body.
3. What are the protective measures for the middle stage of a nuclear and radiological emergency? During the mid-incident phase, a significant amount of radioactive material has been deposited on the ground. At this point, early protective measures can be continued for individuals, except that discontinuation of respiratory protection may be considered.
To avoid excessive cumulative doses from prolonged stays, the competent authorities may take the form of controlled and planned relocation of populations from the contaminated area to the outside. Restrictions on the sale and consumption of locally produced or stored food and drinking water should also be considered.
According to the characteristics of the irradiation pathway for personnel in this period, protective measures can also be taken: the use of stored feed in animal husbandry, decontamination of the body surface of the personnel, and rescue of the sick and wounded. 4. What are the protective measures for a nuclear and radiation emergency? In the late stage of an accident (recovery period) the question is: if and when can society resume normal life? Or is there a need for further protective measures? At the late stage of the incident, the main exposure pathway is internal exposure due to ingestion of contaminated food and inhalation of resuspended material.
Therefore, protective measures that can be taken include control of ingress and egress pathways, avoidance of relocation, control of food and water, use of stored feeds, and decontamination of the area. 5. Under what circumstances should sheltering measures be taken and what should the public be aware of? Concealment is one of the main protective measures in the early and middle stages of an emergency where large amounts of radioactive material are released into the atmosphere.
Most buildings can reduce the inhalation dose to people inside the building by about half. After a period of concealment and passage of the plume, the concentration of radionuclides in the air within the concealed body will rise, at which point ventilation is necessary to reduce the airborne concentration of radioactivity to a level equivalent to that of a cleaner outdoor area.
Consequently, sheltering is less effective protection against a sustained release. The duration of concealment is generally considered to be no more than 2 days.
6. When are personal protective measures required and what should the public be aware of? When the air is contaminated with radioactive material, some personal protective measures are needed. Covering the mouth and nose with a handkerchief, towel, cloth, etc. can reduce the dose due to inhalation of radioactive material by about 90%.
Body surface protection can be provided by a variety of everyday clothing, including hats, bandanas, raincoats, gloves, and boots. Decontamination of persons who have been or are suspected of having been contaminated by radioactivity on the body surface is as simple as telling the person concerned to shower with water and to remove and store contaminated clothing, shoes, hats, etc., until there is time to monitor or treat them at a later date.
To prevent the spread of radioactive contamination to uncontaminated areas. 7. What is the case for taking stabilized iodine? After a nuclear and radiological emergency, it is possible for a person to ingest radioactive iodine and concentrate it in the thyroid gland, exposing this organ to a larger dose.
Stabilized iodine can reduce the amount of radioactive iodine absorbed by the thyroid gland. If you take stabilized iodine while inhaling radioactive iodine, you can block 90% of the radioactive iodine deposition in the thyroid.
Taking stabilized iodine within a few hours of inhaling radioactive iodine still reduces the amount of radioactive iodine absorbed by the thyroid by about half. The recommended dosage for adults is 100 milligrams of iodine, for pregnant women and children 3 to 12 years of age, 50 milligrams, and for children under 3 years of age, 25 milligrams.
8. What should I be aware of when taking stabilized iodine? For newborns within the first month of life, the amount of stabilized iodine taken should be kept to the lowest level that is effective. Stabilized iodine should be used with caution or not used in some individuals, such as those with nodules in the thyroid gland, those who have been cured of goiter, those who have been treated with radioactive iodine, those with chronic inflammatory diseases of the thyroid gland, those who have had unilateral removal of the thyroid gland, those who have subclinical hypothyroidism, those who are allergic to iodine, and those who have certain skin disorders (acne, eczema, psoriasis).
9. Can iodine tablets (KI) protect against radiation? How does it protect against radiation? Physiologically, the main source of iodine in the human body is the uptake by the thyroid gland, which relies on iodine for the production of thyroid hormones. ki is a stabilized iodine, which saturates the iodine in the thyroid gland and thus prevents the uptake of radioactive iodine.
The Chernobyl experience has shown that radioactive iodine was a major factor in the impact of the Chernobyl accident, which resulted in more than 5,000 cases of thyroid cancer in children, all of whom were between the ages of 0 and 18. Therefore, the primary targets for KI distribution are young children and pregnant women.
Iodine tablets do not protect against radioactivity from outside the body and radioactivity other than iodine that is absorbed by the body. This is why iodine thyroid blockade will be used in most settings in combination with other protective measures (e.g., staying concealed indoors, closing doors and windows, etc.).
In order to take full advantage of the effects of iodine stabilization on iodothyroid blockade, iodine stabilization tablets need to be taken before or as soon as possible after exposure. Even a few hours after the accident, the uptake of 50% iodine by the thyroid gland can still be blocked by administration.
To prevent inhalation of radioactive iodine isotopes, a single tablet dose of stabilized iodine is usually sufficient, and it can act 24 small.
2. Nuclear Radiation Protection Knowledge
Personal Radiation Protection Knowledge 1. How does the public respond to nuclear and radiation emergencies? In the event of a nuclear and radiological emergency, the first thing the public must do is to obtain as much credible information as possible about the emergency, and to understand the decisions and notifications of the *** department.
The public should keep in touch with the local *** through various means, and remember not to believe rumors or gossip. The second thing is to quickly take the necessary precautions to protect yourself.
For example, you can choose the nearest building to hide, you should close the doors and windows, turn off the ventilation equipment. According to the local *** arrangements for the implementation of organized and orderly evacuation.
When a radioactive dispersal event is judged to have occurred, remember not to face the wind nor run with the wind, should try to hide to the side of the wind, and quickly enter the building to hide. Take respiratory protection, including covering the mouth and nose with a wet towel, cloth, etc., to filter radioactive particles.
If radioactive contamination of body surfaces is suspected, use bathing and changing clothes to minimize radioactive contamination. Prevent ingestion of contaminated food or water.
In the event of a nuclear and radiological emergency, the public should pay special attention to maintaining a stable state of mind and should not be alarmed. 2. What are the early protective measures for nuclear and radiation emergencies? Early refers to the occurrence of nuclear and radiation emergencies within 1 to 2 days after the occurrence of protective measures that can be used on the personnel are: concealment, respiratory protection, taking stable iodine, evacuation, control of import and export access, and so on.
Among them, respiratory protection is the action of covering the nose with a dry or wet towel, which can prevent or reduce the inhalation of radionuclides. Taking stabilized iodine prevents or reduces the deposition of radioactive iodine in the smoke plume in the thyroid gland after it enters the body.
3. What are the protective measures for the middle stage of a nuclear and radiological emergency? During the mid-incident phase, a significant amount of radioactive material has been deposited on the ground. At this point, early protective measures can be continued for individuals, except that discontinuation of respiratory protection may be considered.
To avoid excessive cumulative doses from prolonged stays, the competent authorities may take the form of controlled and planned relocation of populations from the contaminated area to the outside. Restrictions on the sale and consumption of locally produced or stored food and drinking water should also be considered.
According to the characteristics of the irradiation pathway for personnel in this period, protective measures can also be taken: the use of stored feed in animal husbandry, decontamination of the body surface of the personnel, and rescue of the sick and wounded. 4. What are the protective measures for a nuclear and radiation emergency? In the late stage of an accident (recovery period) the question is: if and when can society resume normal life? Or is there a need for further protective measures? At the late stage of the incident, the main exposure pathway is internal exposure due to ingestion of contaminated food and inhalation of resuspended material.
Therefore, protective measures that can be taken include control of ingress and egress pathways, avoidance of relocation, control of food and water, use of stored feeds, and decontamination of the area. 5. Under what circumstances should sheltering measures be taken and what should the public be aware of? Concealment is one of the main protective measures in the early and middle stages of an emergency where large amounts of radioactive material are released into the atmosphere.
Most buildings can reduce the inhalation dose to people inside the building by about half. After a period of concealment and passage of the plume, the concentration of radionuclides in the air within the concealed body will rise, and ventilation is necessary to reduce the airborne concentration of radioactivity to a level equivalent to that of a cleaner outdoor area.
Consequently, sheltering is less effective protection against a sustained release. The duration of concealment is generally considered to be no more than 2 days.
6. When are personal protective measures required and what should the public be aware of? When the air is contaminated with radioactive material, some personal protective measures are needed. Covering the mouth and nose with a handkerchief, towel, cloth, etc. can reduce the dose due to inhalation of radioactive material by about 90%.
Body surface protection can be provided by a variety of everyday clothing, including hats, bandanas, raincoats, gloves, and boots. Decontamination of persons who have been or are suspected of having been contaminated by radioactivity on the body surface is as simple as telling the person concerned to shower with water and to remove and store contaminated clothing, shoes, hats, etc., until there is time to monitor or treat them at a later date.
To prevent the spread of radioactive contamination to uncontaminated areas. 7. What is the case for taking stabilized iodine? After a nuclear and radiological emergency, it is possible for a person to ingest radioactive iodine and concentrate it in the thyroid gland, exposing this organ to a larger dose.
Stabilized iodine can reduce the amount of radioactive iodine absorbed by the thyroid gland. If you take stabilized iodine while inhaling radioactive iodine, you can block 90% of the radioactive iodine deposition in the thyroid.
Taking stabilized iodine within a few hours of inhaling radioactive iodine still reduces the amount of radioactive iodine absorbed by the thyroid by about half. The recommended dosage for adults is 100 milligrams of iodine, for pregnant women and children 3 to 12 years of age, 50 milligrams, and for children under 3 years of age, 25 milligrams.
8. What should I be aware of when taking stabilized iodine? For newborns within the first month of life, the amount of stabilized iodine taken should be kept to the lowest level that is effective. Stabilized iodine should be used with caution or not used in some individuals, such as those with nodules in the thyroid gland, those who have been cured of goiter, those who have been treated with radioactive iodine, those with chronic inflammatory diseases of the thyroid gland, those who have had unilateral removal of the thyroid gland, those who have subclinical hypothyroidism, those who are allergic to iodine, and those who have certain skin disorders (acne, eczema, psoriasis).
9. Can iodine tablets (KI) protect against radiation? How does it protect against radiation? Physiologically, the main source of iodine in the human body is the uptake by the thyroid gland, which relies on iodine for the production of thyroid hormones. ki is a stabilized iodine, which saturates the iodine in the thyroid gland and thus prevents the uptake of radioactive iodine.
The Chernobyl experience has shown that radioactive iodine was a major factor in the impact of the Chernobyl accident, which resulted in more than 5,000 cases of thyroid cancer in children, all of whom were between the ages of 0 and 18. Therefore, the primary targets for KI distribution are young children and pregnant women.
Iodine tablets do not protect against radioactivity from outside the body and radioactivity other than iodine that is absorbed by the body. This is why iodine thyroid blockade will be used in most settings in combination with other protective measures (e.g., staying concealed indoors, closing doors and windows, etc.).
In order to take full advantage of the effects of iodine stabilization on iodothyroid blockade, iodine stabilization tablets need to be taken before or as soon as possible after exposure. Even a few hours after the accident, the uptake of 50% iodine by the thyroid gland can still be blocked by administration.
To prevent inhalation of radioactive iodine isotopes, a single tablet dose of stabilized iodine is usually sufficient, and it can act 24 small.
3. Newly purchased radioactive sources to pay attention to what matters
Radioactive source safety management system In order to strengthen the prevention and control of radiation contamination, prevention and reduction of radiation contamination accidents and hazards, effective control of radiation contamination incidents, and effectively guarantee the safe use of radioactive sources, to safeguard the health of workers and the public, and to maintain social stability, according to the relevant laws and regulations to develop this system.
First, radiation safety work permit and qualification management
1, the use of radioisotopes and gas pedals, neutron generators, and radioactive sources and radiation devices (referred to as radioactive sources) of the unit, should apply for radiation safety license; has been applied for a radiation safety license for the unit, in the end of the validity of the three months before the end of the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau for the renewal of the license; radioactive sources of the scrapping and decommissioning, should be in advance to the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau for renewal of the license; the radioactive sources of the scrap and decommissioning of radioactive sources, should be in advance to the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau for scrapping and decommissioning procedures.
The above units in accordance with the requirements of the radiation safety license, prepare the relevant materials to the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau of the government affairs for the hall to declare. Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau after reviewing the relevant materials, reported to the Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau for approval (which involves foreign radioactive sources also need to the State Environmental Protection Administration for approval).
2, the use of radioactive sources, radiation protection should be in line with national ionizing radiation protection and radiation source safety standards.
3, radioactive sources and their facilities, the design, construction and installation of units must have nationally recognized qualifications and product certification, new purchases of radioactive sources must have a unified national number.
4, new construction, expansion, alteration of radioactive sources of construction projects, built and commissioned, within three months of commissioning, to the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau to apply for acceptance, by the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau acceptance before use.
Second, personal dose monitoring and radiation environment detection
1, the use of radioactive sources should be equipped with the necessary inspection or monitoring equipment. Subject to a higher dose of radiation technology and operation and maintenance personnel should be equipped with a personal radiation dosimeter with alarm device.
2, the operation of devices and places containing radioactive sources, to configure the dose monitoring and alarm devices, and regular inspection to ensure that the radiation protection facilities are intact and the stability of the performance of source-containing devices.
Third, institutional management and operator training
1, the use of radioactive sources to set up radiation safety management agencies, the establishment of security organizations, the implementation of the "a hand" system of responsibility.
2, management and operation personnel to carry out job training, to obtain a certificate. Annual radiation safety aspects of environmental protection professional training, content: radiation safety knowledge, radiation safety management system and emergency response to accidents.
3, the implementation of radioactive sources of special custody, the implementation of management, the use of the principle of separation, to put an end to the phenomenon of "to make with the tube", to prevent the radioactive sources out of control phenomenon occurs.
Fourth, the daily security management system and emergency response measures
1, the establishment of the use of radioactive sources of registration system, storage, receipt, use, return of radioactive sources should be registered, inspection, so that the account is consistent.
2, the development of operating procedures for the use of radioactive sources, responsibility for people, and hanging in the workplace.
3, the establishment of a sound safety and security system, the implementation of fire prevention, anti-theft, anti-loss, anti-leakage security responsibility system.
4, the development of a detailed emergency response plan for accidents, the emergency response procedures for all types of accidents should be implemented to the responsible person.
5, in the event of loss of radioactive sources, theft, fire and radioactive contamination accidents, should immediately start the accident emergency plan.
5, the use of radioactive sources and storage of safety and protection requirements
1, the use of radioactive sources should be appropriate radiation shielding, and set the yellow line of the radiation safety exclusion zone, the installation of dosimetric measurement instruments with alarms.
2, storage and use of radioactive sources should be set in the place of radioactive warning signs. Nearby shall not be placed flammable, explosive, corrosive substances.
3, irradiation equipment or irradiation device should have the necessary safety interlocks, alarm devices or work signals.
4, the radioactive source of the packaging container should be set up on the obvious sign of radioactivity and equipped with Chinese warning text.
5, the use of radioactive sources unit, in the purchase of new sources, radioactive sources should be with the production unit (or the original exporting country or the centralized storage facility for waste sources) signed the agreement on the storage and disposal of discarded radioactive sources.
6, the use of radioactive waste gas, waste water and solid radioactive waste generated by the source unit should be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the necessary treatment and disposal, to meet the national standards for external discharge or sent to a qualified unit for disposal.
Six, radioactive source security reports and radiation detection
1, radioactive source unified number report, in the radioactive source to the enterprise, will fill in the source number of the requisition form reported to the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau for the record.
2, the occurrence of radioactive sources lost, stolen, fire and radioactive contamination accidents, should be the first time to the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, the Municipal Public Security Bureau report, and at the same time reported to the local *** and environmental protection, public security departments.
3, the use of radioactive sources should be prepared by the unit of the safe use of radioactive sources and the safety and security of the annual evaluation of the situation, before the end of November each year to report to the administrative jurisdiction of the environmental protection subdistricts or county-level municipal environmental protection bureaus, and at the same time reported to the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.
4, the generation of radioactive waste gas, wastewater and solid radioactive waste disposal units, should be handled and disposed of to the administrative jurisdiction of the environmental protection sub-district or county-level municipal environmental protection bureau report.
5, the environmental protection department in the receipt of radioisotope use and safety of the annual evaluation report, the use of the unit for annual testing, the contents of:
(1) radiation safety of the management organization, personnel job training implementation.
(2) the use of radioactive sources, registration records.
(3) used radioactive sources recovery agreement and recovery certificate.
(4) Operating procedures, safety systems, management system implementation.
(5) The implementation of emergency response plans for accidents.
(6) Radiation shielding, dosimetry, alarms, warning signs, safety interlock devices check.
(7) Approved radioactive sources around the environment of radioactivity monitoring data.
Seven, this interim regulation by the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau of Science and Technology Division is responsible for interpretation.
4. How to protect against radioactive sources
Radiation sources emit rays: alpha rays (α rays), beta rays (β rays), gamma rays (γ rays), neutron rays (n rays), etc., which can not be seen, can not be touched, and must be detected using specialized instruments. Different rays have different penetration abilities in objects. A thick paper can block alpha rays; plexiglass, aluminum and other materials can effectively block beta rays; gamma rays penetration ability is stronger, available concrete, lead and other blocking; neutron rays need to be paraffin wax and other lightweight materials to block.
Therefore, radioactive sources are not scary, and unwarranted fear of radioactive sources is unnecessary, especially those that have taken safety protection measures and are in normal use, which are basically harmless to the human body.
To prevent or reduce the harm to the human body from the rays emitted by the radioactive source, there are mainly the following three means of protection: First, distance protection; the farther away from the source, the less contact with the rays, the less harm is done; Second, shielding protection: Selection of appropriate shielding materials (eg, concrete, iron or lead, etc.) made of shielding to block the rays emitted by the source; Third, the time of the protection: as far as possible to reduce the contact time with the radioactive source. Third, time protection: minimize the contact time with the radioactive source. In practice, the above three means of protection are usually applied in combination.
National standards require that all radioactive workplaces and radioactive sources on the packaging container must have warning signs, signs for the three-bladed fan, black pattern on a yellow background, the pattern is below and have the text "Beware of ionizing radiation. Remind the general public in their daily lives to pay attention to identify the sign, try not to approach.
5. Radiation protection work need to pay attention to what
Radiation protection and safety precautions
1 Theme content and scope of application:
This article stipulates all the plant's existing radiation source protection measures and precautions.
This clause applies to all existing radioactive sources in our factory.
2 What is a radioactive source: a radioactive source is a substance or entity made of radioactive material that can produce radiation exposure, radioactive sources can be divided into sealed sources and unsealed sources according to their sealed state.
Sealed source is sealed in the shell or tightly covered layer of radioactive material, industrial and agricultural production applied in the material level meter, flaw detector, etc. are used in sealed sources, such as cobalt 60, cesium 137, iridium 192 and so on.
Non-sealed sources refer to radioactive substances without a shell, the early use of radioactive tracers in hospitals are non-sealed sources, such as iodine-131, iodine-125, technetium-99m and so on.
The radioactive source of the material level meter and nuclear scale used in our factory is cesium 137Cs, and the calcium and iron coal analyzer is 238Pu. All the above equipments have good shielding and protection design, which basically or seldom cause physical hazards to the operators.
3 Radiation protection:
3.1 Distance protection: the farther away from the radioactive source, the less exposure to the rays, the less harm suffered.
3.2 Shielding protection: select the appropriate shielding materials (such as concrete, iron or lead, etc.) made into a shield to block the rays emitted by the radioactive source.
3.3 Time protection: minimize the contact time with the radioactive source.
In practice, the above three means of protection are applied in combination.
4 Safety precautions:
4.1 Warning signs on all radioactive workplaces and packaging containers of radioactive sources.
4.2 Lead irrigation with radioactive sources must be registered in the unit's security department for the record, develop relevant systems, and designate a person responsible for management. If lost, should immediately report to the local environmental protection and public security departments.
5, check:
5.1, vertical kiln 1 # workshop, vertical kiln 2 # workshop, rotary kiln workshop, the director of the laboratory is responsible for the supervision and inspection of the implementation of this standard.
5.2, equipment section guidance and do a good job of publicizing and educating the work of spot-checking the implementation of this standard.
5.3, the Security Section is responsible for the safety and security of radioactive sources throughout the plant to monitor the implementation of this standard.
6. Nuclear safety knowledge: what is the need to take personal protective measures
You are talking about nuclear personal protection, mainly to pay attention to:
1. Radioactive aerosols in the air (radioactive substances emitted before counting), inhalation brought about by the internal irradiation, the concentration of which is large, you need to bring a good filtering effect of the mouthpiece or wear an air suit (severe contamination, the general public can not touch), and will not let you go to the environment.
2. external exposure protection, exemption from the source has nothing to do, such as instrument calibration with tens of thousands of Bq; radioactive sources are powerful, you need to be far enough away from the source, if necessary, there are shielding objects to block radiation (rays), do not stay too long in the radioactive places to reduce the exposure time.
Radioactive places are supervised by professionals, the unit, the environmental protection department, there is a radioactive risk of the place is not randomly let you go in, there will be professionals to let you wear suitable protective equipment and detection meters, this do not have to worry too much.
7. How to do the protection of radioactive sources
Radiation sources emit rays: alpha rays (α rays), beta rays (β rays), gamma rays (γ rays), neutron rays (n rays), etc., which can not be seen, can not be touched, and must be detected using specialized instruments.
The ability of different rays to penetrate objects is also different. A thick paper can block alpha rays; plexiglass, aluminum and other materials can effectively block beta rays; gamma rays penetration ability is stronger, you can use concrete, lead and other blocking; neutron rays need to use paraffin and other lightweight materials to block.
Therefore, radioactive sources are not scary, and unwarranted fear of radioactive sources is unnecessary, especially those that have taken safety protection measures, normal use of radioactive sources, is basically harmless to the human body. To prevent or reduce the harm to the human body of the rays emitted by radioactive sources, there are mainly the following three means of protection: (a) distance protection: the farther away from the source, the less exposure to the rays, the less harm suffered.
(B) shielding protection: select the appropriate shielding materials (such as concrete, iron or lead, etc.) made of shielding body to block the radiation emitted by the source. (C) time protection: minimize the contact time with the radioactive source.
In practice, the above three means of protection are usually applied in combination. .
8. What are the sources of radiation
Beware of invisible killers at home February 4, 1999 Guangzhou Daily China has more than 16 million cell phone users, television, computers, microwave ovens, air conditioning, etc. are also gradually popularized in the Chinese family, scientific research has found that electrical appliances produce electromagnetic pollution jeopardizes people's health.
To this end, experts called for strengthening the publicity and protection against electromagnetic pollution. One and a half percent of children with cancer, experts say is caused by electromagnetic radiation At present, large and small telecommunications stores can be found casually cell phone electromagnetic radiation protection products.
According to statistics, there are no less than 30 types of cell phone electromagnetic radiation protection products on the market. So, this is on our side both invisible and touch electromagnetic waves caused by electromagnetic radiation pollution, in fact, there is no harm? In addition to cell phones, what other things cause electromagnetic radiation pollution? How great is their degree of harm? How to protect yourself effectively? Chinese Academy of Preventive Medical Sciences, Institute of Labor Health and Occupational Diseases, Director of Research, the International Occupational Health Commission, Professor Li Tianlin pointed out that with our daily work, life is closely related to the source of electromagnetic radiation are: "Big Brother", walkie-talkies, cell phones, computers and game consoles, electric blankets, microwave ovens, electromagnetic stoves, color televisions, ultra-high-voltage power transmission grids and substations, located in the residential area of the big and medium-sized The transmitter is located in the residential area, large and medium-sized transmitters.
Because of the close proximity, such as cell phone antennas close to the human head, the spacing is not more than 2 cm, so in the process of work, the formation of strong radiation, posing a threat to human health. Dr. Carpenter of New York University believes that 10-15% of all childhood cancers are caused by 100V household power and electrical products.
At the same time, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency also expressed concern about this, and warned people to avoid exposure to electromagnetic waves. In 1991, the Advisory Committee issued a statement that "based on some epidemiologic investigations, it can be assumed that exposure to magnetic fields is associated with specific cancers.
Home appliances are the "enemy" cell phone microwave oven TV and other diseases caused by cell phone radiation exceeds the standard 15 times The amount of electromagnetic radiation from cell phones on the domestic market seriously exceeds the national electromagnetic radiation protection standards, up to 15 times more. Although the average output power of the cell phone is only 0.
2 watts, but due to the close proximity of the human head, half of the electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by the user's head. When the phone is dialed, there is strong electromagnetic radiation near the antenna, and the RF waves "surround" the human head.
Excessive electromagnetic radiation can cause human neurasthenia, loss of appetite, palpitations, chest tightness, dizziness, and even induce brain tumors. Microwave ovens reduce fertility microwave has a strong thermal effect, microwave ovens is the use of microwave this feature, it is a short period of time vibration heating water molecules within the food to achieve heating, cooking purposes.
Yonsei University research group research results show that from the microwave oven 15 cm away from the magnetic field strength of the lowest 100MG, up to 300MG. now we know that all household appliances in the microwave oven's magnetic field is the strongest.
Electromagnetic waves from microwave ovens can induce cataracts and cause brain abnormalities. According to research, microwaves reduce fertility.
Television leads to abortion and teratogenesis The electromagnetic waves generated by television are similar to those generated by terminal monitors. Prolonged exposure to electromagnetic waves from terminal monitors or televisions can cause eye pain, fatigue and other symptoms, which can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, and the birth of deformed fetuses.
Cordless phones do not need to be turned off Cordless phone use than the general telephone radiation field strength to be more than ten times larger, so the low field strength of electromagnetic radiation should also pay attention to the use of the head and the antenna to pull away from the distance, placed when not in use when the machine is switched off, to prevent the problem from occurring in the first place. The fluorescent lamps cause skin cancer Compared with incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps have a higher energy conversion efficiency, and their lighting effect is 4-5 times higher than that of incandescent lamps under the same energy consumption.
Different fluorescent lamps do not produce the same magnetic field strength. The most harmful to the body is the lamp that is very close to the user's head.
In addition, fluorescent lamps not only generate electromagnetic waves, but also release ultraviolet radiation, which can cause skin cancer, cataracts and so on. In addition, we use a lot of electrical appliances such as air conditioners, hair dryers, ovens, vacuum cleaners, deep fryers, coffee makers, electronic watches, lighting appliances, and so on, these products produce a magnetic field strength proportional to its power.
One of the strongest magnetic field strength is the hair dryer, its intensity hundreds of times the incandescent magnetic field strength, but its use of a shorter period of time does not cause greater harm. But beauticians and barbers use hair dryers for a long time, may cause greater harm.
Electromagnetic waves through the belly injury to the fetus by radiation or death or deformity of the fetus in 1980, the Toronto Star advertising department 7 engaged in the operation of computers or TVs video display terminal (VDT), four pregnant women teratology. Seven teratomas in eight pregnant women working with VDTs at the Ottawa General Hospital.
Nineteen pregnant women working with VDTs at Toronto General Hospital had 10 births. China's 25 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of medical X-ray occupational radiation personnel to do a survey, found that the fertility rate, infertility rate is no significant difference, but the rate of spontaneous abortion, multiple births, neonatal mortality rate is significantly higher than the control group.
The incidence of 20 congenital malformations and hereditary diseases in the occupationally irradiated group and the control group was 9.10 per thousand and 4.
2 per thousand, respectively. In 1995, the domestic report, the 16 Hubei Province, postal and telegraphic storage and remittance VDT operator survey, their working age of 2-5 years, their exposure to group menstrual disorders significantly higher than the control group, exposure to pregnancy during the period of 8 people 10 times, the emergence of abnormal pregnancies in 4 people 6 times, and the control group has a highly significant difference.
A recent report by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and the International Commission on Radiological Protection outlining the characteristics of the radiation effects of intrauterine irradiation states that embryonic and fetal tissues are particularly susceptible to radiation damage. This damage manifests itself in a variety of ways and can be characterized by necrosis, apoptosis or damage to cell membranes without cell death.
Low-dose exposure of fetuses and young bodies does not result in malformations visible to the naked eye, but rather in growth and developmental defects. High-dose exposures, on the other hand, can result in postnatal death and larval death.
Some views believe that high-dose intrauterine irradiation to stillbirth and teratology as the endpoint of the effect to the highest radiation sensitivity before the sixth week of gestational age, and small-dose irradiation caused by the development of fetal brain function teratogenic to pregnancy 8-15 weeks of the fetus suffered ionizing radiation to produce the greatest risk of mental retardation in children. Some experts believe that the risk in the first trimester of pregnancy is much greater than the risk in the middle and late stages of pregnancy.
Wear a protective cap to the cell phone to take protective measures to reduce radiation pollution electromagnetic waves, its intensity, frequency, contact time, waveforms, etc. is very complex, it is still difficult to solve the problem of pollution. But people can not deny that electromagnetic waves have an impact on the human body.
Therefore, we should consciously avoid contact with electricity.