Waste Classification Facing Localized Problems
Yang Jian, a community waste classification supervisor in the Cuiyuan district of Hangzhou's Xihu District, has undertaken the task of counseling 11 neighborhoods on waste classification. Every month, she and 30 volunteers will go to the door to the residents of the district to distribute waste bags and on-site counseling. But she admitted, Hangzhou, such a big city of high mobility, in the community rented foreigners did not bear the propaganda counseling, often do not know how to divide.
Many years of habits are difficult to change, the autonomy of the residents is still relatively low. "When there is supervision, the classification role is significantly better, but usually after a period of time, littering and mixing up again." Yang Jian said.
Food waste disposal is a waste problem with Chinese characteristics. Environmental volunteers Huang Xiaoshan said, China's food soup soup soup food waste accounted for 2 / 3 of the total waste, the organic matter will make it stink, and will contaminate the recyclables in the waste.
Food waste can generate biogas that can be recycled through biochemical disposal. To separate out food waste, pilot cities are encouraging households to separate waste into wet and dry categories. Bao Lunjun, deputy director of the Guangzhou Municipal Urban Management Commission, said that even in Guangzhou, where the development is relatively good, the accurate input rate is only 30 percent, even if only wet waste is separated.
China's natural conditions are not the same throughout the country, and thus the need for differentiated classification standards. Inner Mongolia residential urban and rural construction department of urban construction Zhao Haitao pointed out that the southern high rainfall city is necessary to wet and dry classification, while Hohhot annual rainfall of 400 millimeters, annual evaporation but up to 2000 millimeters, wet waste did not wait for the disposal of dry.
Waste recovery needs to be focused
Beijing white-collar Ms. Jiang has been a bit annoyed lately: her mother, who came from her hometown in Shandong province, has piled up waste cardboard boxes and used oil bottles on half of the space on the family's balcony. "Some time ago, I saved a case of mineral water bottles only sold for more than 1 yuan, selling waste is now too uneconomical, the offer is low but also occupies an area!"
The Ministry of Housing and Construction Urban Construction Division of the amenities of the responsible person, according to the budget, the current annual amount of recycled capital recovery of 160 million tons, of which about 80 million tons from the daily waste, while China's annual occurrence of 250 million tons of daily waste, the capital recovery rate of the daily waste to reach more than 30%. This person in charge of the introduction, and in fact, as an important part of waste classification, waste recovery has not been focused on.
Huang Xiaoshan thought that the residents of the home can be recycled to use the items sold, is an outstanding daily habits. But the current price of recyclables is low, and often can not be immediately disposed of, residents have nowhere to store, which affects their enthusiasm. Due to wet and dry classification is not done, the waste is put aside beside a lot of usable capital is contaminated by wet waste, if then manual classification and sorting, the cost is very high.
The reporter learned that, at present, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Commerce is jointly carrying out the daily waste classification demonstration of the city's operations, the recyclables as an important element of waste classification, the Ministry of Commerce is also building a renewable capital recovery system to facilitate the sale of the residents, storage, delivery of waste products.
Should return to the main body of the residents
Guangzhou's Zhang Da-ma has just thrown the waste classification, saw the collection of waste sanitation workers will "recyclable" and "not recyclable" two boxes of waste mixed into the transport vehicle, not the same sign of the waste car But loaded up the same waste. "Separated and then mixed transportation, in the future there is no incentive to share." She said.
Sanitation some also have a hard time, Bao Lunjun frankly, there are indeed a few people due to lack of training or operation standards, the waste mixed together to pull away. But more often than not, due to the residents do not have the correct classification into some of the waste transport trucks show empty phenomenon, a waste of manpower and gasoline, which turned into a city manager's "dilemma".
All over the world, waste classification adopts a "carrot and stick" approach, both to encourage and develop reward and punishment methods. Hangzhou rules, recyclables should be sold to the recycled capital recovery site, or into the recyclables collection containers, such as not corrected, their own fine of 50 yuan; Shanghai May 1 implementation of the Shanghai Municipal Waste Classification and Reduction Methods, the rules, after their own not in accordance with the rules of the waste, refused to correct the maximum fine of 200 yuan.
But it is understood that up to now, waste classification has not issued a ticket to themselves. Shanghai municipal beautification and urban management bureau of legal affairs office responsible person told reporters, at present, China's implementation of the conditions of the penalty does not have, due to the classification itself only in the pilot and not fully promoted. If it is not to pilot the district itself for punishment, which is not fair. Based on the current level of domestic waste classification, the government mainly to positive encouragement.
For example, in 2013, Shanghai launched a green account pilot operation in 12 neighborhoods. Community-issued waste bags have barcodes that can be traced and credited. Some merchants' promotional activities were integrated into the green account channel, and residents could exchange gifts and park tickets with their points. According to calculations, at the end of 2013, Shanghai's per capita end-of-day waste disposal decreased to 0.7 kilograms from 0.82 kilograms in 2011.
But the current investment of some local governments in waste classification is very little, the reporter learned from the Ministry of Housing and Construction, even the relatively large investment in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and other places is difficult to meet the needs. Guangzhou, for example, "If this continues for 3-4 years, only the waste bags need 1.4 billion yuan, to 200 people with 1 counselor accounting, Guangzhou City, 18 million people, the annual cost of 4 billion yuan." Bao Lunjun calculated an account, "such an investment can not continue."
Over the years, the government increased investment in urban construction at the same time, the investment in amenities and environmental equipment did not keep up. 2012 "China's urban construction calculation yearbook" shows that the national amenities and environmental professional construction of fixed asset capital lack of urban municipal **** with the construction of the 2%, in 2006, this proportion is 3%.
The cost of waste classification is infinite, this cost should be apportioned in each family's action, said Zhang Yi, president of the Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute, waste classification is a long time project, should return to the main body of the residents, "relying on the habits of each family to form a binding on the whole society, which is more useful than the government's direct publicity to launch
.