1, cough Early pneumoconiosis patients cough is not obvious, but with the burst of the course of the disease, the patient is more combined with chronic bronchitis, the late patients are more combined with lung infections, which can make the cough aggravate significantly. Cough is related to season and climate.
2, cough sputum Cough sputum is mainly caused by the respiratory system to the continuous removal of dust. Generally, the amount of sputum is not much, mostly gray thin sputum. If the combination of lung infection and chronic bronchitis, the amount of sputum is significantly increased, sputum is yellow sticky or lumpy. It is not easy to cough up. 3, chest pain Pneumoconiosis patients often feel chest pain, chest pain and pneumoconiosis clinical manifestations are not related or parallel relationship. The parts of the chest pain are different and often change, and it is mostly limited. Generally, it is hidden pain, but it can also be swelling pain, pinprick pain and so on.
4, dyspnea With the aggravation of the degree of fibrosis of lung tissue, the effective respiratory area is reduced, the ventilation / blood flow ratio is imbalanced, dyspnea is also gradually aggravated. The occurrence of comorbidities can significantly aggravate the degree and development of dyspnea.
5, hemoptysis is rare, due to long-term chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract caused by mucosal vascular damage, sputum with a small amount of blood; may also be due to the dissolution of large fibrotic foci of rupture damage to the blood vessels and increase the amount of blood.
6, other In addition to the above respiratory symptoms, there can be varying degrees of systemic symptoms, common digestive hypoplasia.
Complications: Pneumoconiosis patients are exposed to dust for a long time, which damages the defense function of the respiratory system, and the resistance of the patients is obviously lowered, and many different complications often occur.
1, respiratory system infection Mainly intrapulmonary infection, which is a common complication of pneumoconiosis patients.
2. Spontaneous pneumothorax Less common. It is the rupture of lung tissue and pleura of dirty layer, air enters into pleura to form pneumothorax, which is divided into three kinds: closed pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax and traffic pneumothorax.
3. Tuberculosis Dust workers, especially silica dust workers, are more susceptible to tuberculosis than the general population.
4. Lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma are mainly seen in asbestos workers and asbestosis patients.
5, chronic pulmonary heart disease, seen in some late patients, this is because of chronic bronchitis so that airway narrowing, ventilation resistance increases, resulting in obstructive pulmonary air species, pulmonary artery pressure increases, and chronic pulmonary heart disease.
6, respiratory failure upper respiratory tract and lung infections, pneumothorax and other triggers is the main reason for the occurrence of uncompensated respiratory failure, the abuse of sedative and sleeping drugs is also one of the reasons that lead to respiratory failure of pneumoconiosis.
Treatment
1. Kespiapine: 8ml(320mg) of 4% aqueous solution, 1 time/day, nebulized inhalation; or 4 ml of 4% Kespiapine, 2-3 times/week, intramuscular injection; or nebulized and intramuscular injection, alternating every ¨ day, 3 months as a course of treatment, repeat the treatment every 1-3 months, and repeat the treatment every year after that, for 2 courses of treatment.
2. Quinpropyl phosphate 500mg～700mg, once a week, orally, 6 months for a course of treatment, Han Fangji A Su has some efficacy on acute progressive pneumoconiosis.
3. Treatment of comorbidities For tuberculosis, add anti-tuberculosis drugs, and add antibiotics for bacterial infection.
Pneumoconiosis is a systemic disease caused by long-term inhalation of productive dust (dust) during occupational activities and its retention in the lungs, which is mainly characterized by diffuse fibrosis (scarring) of lung tissue. Pneumoconiosis can be categorized into inorganic pneumoconiosis and organic pneumoconiosis according to the type of dust inhaled. Pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of inorganic dust in production labor is called inorganic pneumoconiosis.
Preventive measures
1, process reform, innovation of production equipment: the main way to eliminate the dust hazard.
2, wet work: the use of wet milling quartz, refractory materials, mining wet rock drilling, underground transportation spray sprinkling.
3, airtight, air extraction, dust removal: can not take the wet operation of the site, should be used to airtight dust removal methods to prevent dust flying.
4, dust workers health checks: including pre-employment and regular health checks, dust operations should also be done off the dust operations check. 5、Personal anti-jealousy: wear dust protective gear, such as dust helmets, air supply helmets, air supply masks and so on.
What are the industries and types of work that are susceptible to pneumoconiosis?
1, mining: the mining of all kinds of metal mines, coal mining and coal mining and other metal mines, is the main operating environment of the generation of pneumoconiosis, the main types of work are rock drilling, blasting, pillars, transportation;
2, metal smelting in the crushing, screening and transportation of ore;
3, institutional manufacturing industry in the casting of the sand, molding, casting, sand blasting, sand blasting, as well as electric welding and welding. sand cleaning, sand blasting, and welding operations;
4, building materials industry, such as refractory, glass, cement, stone production in the mining, crushing, grinding, screening, mixing, etc.; asbestos mining, transportation and textile;
5, roads, railroads, water conservancy construction of tunnels, blasting and so on.