Construction drawings design problems?

Construction drawings design problems

General layout plan:

Construction documents, the general layout of the expression of the depth of the plan varies greatly, most of the project only to do the plane positioning map, does not comply with the "depth of the preparation of design documents for construction projects," the relevant requirements. The main problems are as follows:

1. General layout plan to have a certain scope. Only the scope of the site is not enough to have the site of the original planning of the four neighboring roads, buildings, structures, most of the construction plans only within the scope of the site layout.

2. Retain the original topography and features. Site measurement coordinates network and measurement of elevation, including the site of the four neighboring measurement coordinates (or positioning dimensions), some of the general design of the project is often unreserved.

3. vertical design. Often only marked buildings ± 0.000 design elevation relative to the site of the measured elevation values, some only marked indoor and outdoor elevation difference. The results are as follows:

1) vertical design elevation does not meet the planning department's control elevation.

②The elevation of the city road in the site and the periphery of the site is not connected, unreasonable.

③The elevation of the site and its roads is not conducive to drainage.

4 ③ site roads without design elevation, especially the junction, the entrance to the building, neither the labeling of the road slope length, slope direction, slope, and the key elevation of the ground, nor the design section of the road surface.

4. No earthwork balance design, blind vertical design, often bring unnecessary excavation or filling, increase the cost, resulting in economic losses.

5. General design without the necessary detail design, such as road cross-section, pavement structure, reflecting the pipeline up and down, left and right dimensions of the relationship between the profile, as well as retaining walls, slopes and drains, squares, activity sites, parking lots, flower beds, green space and other detailed drawings of the site's drainage, the site of the relationship between the road and the city road, can not ensure that the general plan of the reasonableness of the site.

6. The width of the fire lane does not meet the fire requirements, the fire lane is less than 5 meters away from the external wall of the high-rise building, does not meet the fire surface (15mx8m elevated hard surface area, between 5m~10m from the external wall of the residence, the slope of the site should not be greater than 3%) requirements.

Second, the architectural design:

1. Decorative practices: only textual description, there should be a list of material practices + list of interior decoration practices, in order to be able to express a clear and complete.

2. Doors and windows table: the combination of windows and non-standard windows, elevation drawings should be drawn, and should be the choice of splices, fixings, the size of the sash, open the way to mark clearly. If the area of the combination window is too large, please indicate that it should be designed by the qualified door and window manufacturer. Doors and windows performance, such as fire, sound insulation, wind pressure, thermal insulation, air infiltration, rain infiltration and other technical requirements should be explained, such as buildings 1-6 layers and seven layers and more than seven layers of airtightness requirements for windows and doors are not the same (1-6 layers of level 3, seven layers and more than 4 levels).

3. Fire design instructions: in accordance with the "depth of the preparation of design documents for construction projects" (2008) in the requirements of each layer of the building plan to indicate the area of fire zones and zoning separation location diagram, it is desirable to be a separate diagram, such as a fire partition, may not be noted the area of the fire partition.

4. "Hot summer and cold winter areas" energy-saving design (residential buildings):

1) external windows, especially the lack of thermal insulation measures for east and west windows.

② coefficient of thermal conductivity of the main part of the value and the average value of the concept is not clear, the main part of the building K value as the average K value.

③ lack of energy-saving design calculations and energy-saving design review documents, resulting in energy-saving design is not economical.

④Exterior wall insulation practices are not set up fire protection construction measures. In the "Suzhou civil building energy efficiency management measures" (draft), there are provisions of the design unit design not set up fire construction measures, the design unit of a fine of 20,000 yuan.

5 attached to the side of the industrial plant in the separate office part of the energy-saving design should also be done.

5 curtain wall project (including glass curtain wall, metal curtain wall, stone curtain wall, etc.) and special roofing projects, and other special structure, the design, production, installation and other technical requirements are not explained.

6. Lack of elevator (escalator) model selection and related performance instructions, including (function, capacity, speed, number of stops, lifting height, etc., minimum floor spacing, pit depth).

7. Walls reserved holes and floor slabs reserved holes, pipe wells floor sealing method is not described.

8. Roof waterproofing grade is not described or roof specific practices do not meet the corresponding waterproofing grade requirements. Common problem: the roof concrete structural layer as a waterproofing defense, coil thickness does not meet the corresponding waterproofing grade requirements, did not do inverted roof.

9. Civil buildings, building materials, hazardous substances limit is not stated. This Ministry of Construction "on strengthening the indoor environmental quality management of construction projects, a number of opinions" (Building Office quality (2002) 17) documents and "civil engineering indoor environmental pollution control norms" GB50325-2001 have been clearly defined, should be explained.

Three, the building plan:

1. In the upper right corner of the map is not painted north; not indicate the bulkhead slope.

2. not indicate the section in the ground floor plan on the location of the section;

3. not indicate the total dimensions of the plane outline;

4. lack of standard wall buckets or columns network detail dimensions;

5. not labeled load-bearing walls, non-load-bearing walls on the thickness of the wall;

6. lack of deformation joints location dimensions and its detailed index;

7. Not labeled elevation and room name; in accordance with the requirements of the "depth of preparation of design documents for construction projects" (2008), the residential floor plan should be labeled with the use of the area of each room and the balcony area.

8. No expression of ground expansion joints;

9. No labeling of the maximum allowable design live load on the ground, if there is a basement, then the ground floor plan should be clearly labeled, especially when the need to install the temporary load of equipment to be considered.

10. Lack of major construction equipment and fixed furniture location and related practices index, such as bathroom appliances, rainwater pipes, sinks, cabinets, washing machine location, etc.; residential sets must indicate the location of the washing machine and special floor drains.

11. Lack of elevator and staircase numbers and indexes, staircase does not indicate the direction of up and down.

12. Lack of major structural and architectural components of the location and size of the labeling and practice index, such as atrium, skylight, gutter, important equipment foundations, support between the columns, equipment platforms, mezzanine floors, manholes, balconies, canopies, steps, slopes, bulkheads, ditches, etc. Practice index;

13. Not expressed or incomplete expression of the ground floor of the reserved holes and ventilation ducts, pipe shafts, Smoke ducts, garbage tracts, etc. location, size and practice index as well as the location, size and elevation of the wall reserved holes for air-conditioning units;

14. No outdoor elevation, elevation of each floor, roof elevation;

15. Lack of number of parking spaces and access routes of a standard garage;

16. Lack of or incomplete expression of the roof plan about the daughter wall, gable end, gutter, slope, Slope, rainwater outlets, ridge (water line) deformation joints, stairwell tank room, elevator room, roof manhole, maintenance ladder and other details of the index number and the corresponding elevation;

17. local complex parts of the lack of local amplification of the plan details.

Four, building elevations:

1. Elevations and planes are inconsistent, no axis at both ends of the number, in addition to the name of the figure also need to indicate the proportion.

2. Unlabeled elevation of the outer contour of the dimensions and the main structure and architectural construction of the parts, such as the top of the daughter wall, cornice, chimneys, canopies, balconies, railings, air-conditioning bulkheads, steps, ramps, flower beds, foot, windows, doors, curtain walls, holes, rain risers, stucco compartmentalized lines, etc., as well as the key control of the elevation of columns should be clearly indicated. Elevation drawings should be the plan and section drawings failed to express the elevation and height are clearly labeled, but most elevation drawings only indicate the height of the elevation of the floor.

3. in the plan fails to indicate the location and size of the window or door, in elevation should also be labeled, but often did not indicate.

4. Elevation drawings on the name of decorative materials and color labeling is incomplete, especially on the ground floor of the steps, awnings, windows and other details of the more complex is not marked, there is no construction index.

Fifth, the building section:

1. Section location is not selected in different heights, different layers, inside and outside the space is more complex and representative of the parts. Local more complex architectural space and plane, elevation expression is not clear parts, also did not draw a local section.

2. The sectional drawings omitted to note the walls, columns, axes and corresponding dimensions, especially the plant, the walls, columns, axes and the size of the relationship between the not labeled clearly.

3. Sections or visible parts of the main structure and building construction, such as outdoor ground, ground floor pits, guttering, mezzanine, suspended ceilings, roof racks, beams, skylights, daughter walls, steps, ramps, bulkheads and the main decorative elements and other visible content is not expressed in its entirety.

4. Elevation size labeling is incomplete, generally only the external dimensions and elevation labeling, while the internal dimensions, such as the depth of the gutter, partitions, windows, holes, platforms, ceilings, and other flat elevation fails to express the dimensions of the size of the clear not expressed.

5. Some nodes construction details index in the plan, elevation is difficult to express clearly, and should be expressed in the section of the index of the details are not labeled.

6. Component safety and fire performance:

(a) staircase

1. ladder steps in violation of the number of steps (not more than 18 steps, not less than 3 steps), the net height of the ladder platform (under the beam dimensions) does not meet the ≥ 2.0 meters (should take into account the thickness of the stucco layer), ladder net height does not meet the provisions of the ≥ 2.2 m (should take into account the thickness of the stucco layer). The net width of the staircase platform does not meet (from the center line of the handrail at the turn) is not less than the width of the ladder section and shall not be less than 1.20 meters.

2. Children use the building, when the stairwell is greater than 0.2 meters, no safety measures. Residential, child care, early childhood buildings, primary and secondary schools and children and adolescents dedicated to activities, cultural and entertainment buildings, commercial service buildings, sports buildings, landscaping and other activities that allow children to enter the place, the vertical staircase riser spacing is greater than 0.11 meters, does not meet the specification requirements.

3. As an evacuation staircase of the outdoor auxiliary staircase, in the staircase around the 2-meter range of the wall to open doors and windows, do not meet the requirements of the fire code.

4. Closed stairwells and smoke-proof stairwells in front of the room on the inner wall, the opening of other door openings or closed stairwell door using general plywood, etc., not the use of Class B fire doors or bi-directional spring doors (used for multi-storey butyl-amyl plant and multi-storey residential buildings).

5. The first floor stairwell of the building which needs to set up closed stairwells, the aisle and foyer etc. are included in the stairwell to form an enlarged closed stairwell, but the fire prevention measures such as Class B fire doors are not adopted to separate the stairwell from other aisles and rooms.

6. The railing of the place used by children is not equipped with anti-climbing measures.

7. The evacuation door is commonly used as a rolling shutter door or automatic door, instead of a flat door that opens in the direction of evacuation.

8. When there is no stairway to the roof, there is no access to the roof of the manhole or external wall climbing ladder (building below 10m can be set).

(B) elevator design

1. fire elevator construction does not meet the code requirements, especially prominent is the fire elevator shaft and the adjacent other non-fire elevator shaft between the fire-resistant limit of not less than 2.00h wall separation (fire elevator shaft up to two fire elevator); fire elevator room and other adjacent elevator machine room is not fire-resistant limit of not less than 2.00h wall separation; fire elevator room and other adjacent elevator room is not fire-resistant limit of not less than 2.00h wall separation. 2.00h. When opening the door on the partition wall is not opened in accordance with the provisions of the Class A fire door, in addition to common fire elevator front room is not set up in accordance with the provisions of the fire hydrant.

2. fire elevator should be set up at the bottom of the well drainage facilities, fire elevator front room door should be set up to block water facilities, but often did not design drainage facilities and water storage space.

(C) building components

1. building firewalls are set near the corner, inside the corner of the wall on both sides of the door, window openings between the nearest edge of the horizontal distance does not meet the requirements of ≥ 4.00 meters, and did not take appropriate fire safety measures; immediately adjacent to the firewall on both sides of the door, window openings do not meet the requirements of ≥ 2 meters of the horizontal distance, and also did not take appropriate fire safety measures.

2. Independently set up cable wells, pipe wells, smoke pipes, exhaust ducts, garbage tracts and other vertical pipeline wells, wells on the wall to set up the inspection door, the inspection door is not used Class C fire doors.

3. Balcony, porch, indoor corridor, roof and outdoor stairs and other air railing (railing), daughter wall and other safety protection (including height, anti-climbing, fall prevention and vertical spacing, etc.), often do not meet the code ("General Principles of Civil Construction" and "Urban Roads and Barrier-Free Design") requirements (height of the protective railing should be counted from the treadable surface).

4. No direct window to the outside of the bathroom need to set up exhaust, and need to have air intake, design (residential) often lack of exhaust or air intake.

(D) building accessibility design:

Accessibility design in the "mandatory provisions for engineering and construction" in the provisions of the public **** building (office, scientific research buildings; commercial service buildings; cultural, commemorative buildings; watching performances, sports buildings; transportation and medical buildings; schools, garden buildings) and residential buildings (high-rise, medium-rise residential and apartment buildings, dormitories, etc.) and they need to design the scope of accessibility design. In the scope of barrier-free design, there are many problems with the construction drawings. Separate office part attached to the side of the plant also need to do barrier-free design.

Owners often think, I do not have disabled personnel, do not have to make barrier-free design, some designers are bent on accommodating the owners, do not make barrier-free design, some only in the entrance to the design of ramps, omission of barrier-free toilets and elevators, in response to this problem, to be designed to raise awareness of designers and the whole community to pay attention to the barrier-free design, the building must be written in the general description of the content of the barrier-free design, in order to reflect the social care for people with disabilities and humane design. Care for the disabled and humanized design.

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