Police welfare investigation report (transferred from the homepage of the Equipment Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security) Police welfare investigation report (transferred from the homepage of the Equipment Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security)
I. Introduction
China's investment in public safety accounts for 1% of all countries' investment, with an average of 3-5% in developed countries and 9% in developing countries. The serious shortage of funds in China's police departments has led to a long-term low level of police welfare. In real life, people always have to deal with the police: a smooth road needs the guidance of the police; The safety of people's lives and property must be guarded by the police; Even a small matter like crossing the street to find relatives and friends needs the help of the police ... the police are the defenders of social order and the cornerstone of stable social development.
With the rapid economic development today, all kinds of illegal and criminal activities emerge one after another. Due to various reasons, the rent of the police force in China has increased slightly, followed by heavy work pressure and the relative decline of the police welfare level. This report attempts to systematically sort out the welfare status of grass-roots police in Henan Province and find out the existing problems through the investigation of the welfare status of grass-roots police in Henan Province, hoping to provide data support for the improvement of police welfare policies.
Second, sample selection and data collection.
The object of this survey is mainly some on-the-job policemen in Henan Province. The survey took various forms, including questionnaires and field interviews, and obtained a lot of first-hand information. The policy research mainly refers to the relevant documents of provincial offices and municipal bureaus.
Three. Basic welfare
1, salary
What is not proportional to the heavy work is the salary of the police. The salary of the police is generally considered to be relatively high in society. Average monthly salary at county level in Henan 1.500 yuan. Judging from the figures, the salary of the police is indeed not low, which is obviously higher than that of the police more than ten years ago. However, some policemen privately said that it is not easy to be an improper policeman. If overtime hours are included, the hourly salary of the police immediately shrinks a lot. Because they are all disciplined armed forces, the salary of the police lags far behind that of the army. According to regulations, the salary of the army is 5% higher than that of public security personnel. However, in the past two years, this normal distance has widened. 1997 After that, the troops were paid twice, and the regiment level was taken as an example to increase their income around 400 yuan. The number of public security organs has basically not increased. The income of foreign policemen is good. The annual salary of a new policeman who just entered the job is more than 40 thousand dollars, and that of a policeman who has worked for 8 years is nearly 60 thousand dollars. In addition, after five years in this profession, they can take the exam for promotion to police officers. If passed, the annual salary of the lowest-ranking policeman is $75,000.
2. Reserve fund
The per capita provident fund of Henan County Bureau is less than 100 yuan per month, which is far from the per capita * * yuan of provincial offices.
3, length of service salary
The seniority salary of Shanghai police is 10 yuan/year, and that of Hangzhou police is 1 yuan/year. What about Henan?
4. Police rank salary
Every year, the police academy conducts police rank training for police officers who meet the promotion of police rank. However, after the training, the salary for promotion to a police rank will increase by tens of yuan.
5. Holidays
The frontline police work 15 to 24 hours a day on average. There is no holiday in the police station for a year, and most young policemen are already suffering from diseases. In the United States, the annual leave of the police must reach 137 days, otherwise it is illegal. In addition, the welfare benefits of foreign police officers are very attractive, such as having 20 paid holidays every year, retiring after 20 years of work, and getting a pension of 55% of the salary level after retirement. Moreover, the police can carry guns after work and work part-time. The lack of police force has led to the long-term overload of the police, which has caused the police to have little rest. Long-term fatigue, from overwork to illness, is also an important factor leading to the high casualty rate of police in China. However, due to the high proportion of casualties, some insurance companies refused to accept personal injury insurance for public security police.
Fourth, the working environment.
1, working pressure
According to the results of the fifth census, the total number of police in China accounts for1210000 of the population, while the requirement in Henan is 3/ 10000, but in fact some grass-roots units have not even reached1/0000. According to foreign statistics in the 1970s, France's kloc-0/0000, Italy's 29/ 10000 and the United States' 28/ 10000 are far higher than China's current level. The average population managed by each police is also far from each other: 269 in France, 379 in the United States, 384 in Britain, and China 1 100, which is 2-3 times the population under the jurisdiction of the above-mentioned national police. With the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of personnel flow, the public security environment is becoming more and more complicated, and the crime rate is also rising, which raises a very serious problem: the shortage of police force, which is manifested in the unprecedented increase of police work pressure. Although the police have working hours, they are actually on standby 24 hours a day, carrying guns 24 hours a day, and they have to come forward anyway. At the same time, the police are semi-militarized, and they have strict rules on dress and image. If they are not careful, they may be recorded. At present, the number of police casualties on duty is increasing year by year, which has become a prominent problem affecting public security work and the construction of public security team. Since the founding of New China, more than 9,000 policemen have died and hundreds of thousands have been injured in public security organs across the country. Especially in the past 20 years, more than 6,000 policemen died in the line of duty and 65,438+10,000 people were injured. Some people summarize this as: "There is always bloodshed every day." Experts believe that the high casualty rate, insufficient police force and heavy workload are the main reasons. Compared with other countries, the casualty rate of public security police in China is also high. On 200 1, more than 450 policemen died in China, while on 200 1, Japanese national policemen died in the line of duty and three people were injured. At present, the average ratio of police to population in developed countries is 35/ 10000, while in China it is110000. In cities, the average ratio of police force to urban population in western countries is 1: 300, while in some places in China it is 1: 1250. Due to the increase in population mobility, prominent crimes and vicious criminals, the police have suffered more and more casualties in the battle of wits. On the other hand, the lack of police force also seriously affects the health and rest of grassroots police. According to statistics, among the 458 policemen who died in 200 1 year, 148 people died of overwork, accounting for 33.4% of the total number of policemen who died in the whole year. Hangzhou is a famous tourist city, located in the economically developed Yangtze River Delta, and the personnel flow is very frequent and complicated, which brings heavy work to the Hangzhou police. As a grassroots policeman, in addition to normal work, there are daily police and social patrols. It is very common for grassroots police to be on duty all night or on duty. Every policeman is on duty for two days a week, 24 hours at a time. During these 24 hours, he must stick to his post and stay on standby to deal with emergencies. Many times, the police who are on duty 24 hours a day usually sleep for three or four hours at most the next day, and then go back to work. 1999 China Pioneer Sports Association conducted a physical examination of the police. The respondents were *** 1.5887 million policemen in Beijing and Liaoning. The survey results show that the prevalence rate of police is as high as 86%, and the physical health of police under 45 years old is poor and shows an obvious downward trend year by year. According to the analysis, the reasons for this situation include: most police officers have high self-demand, high work pressure and long-term stress and fatigue, which leads to physical dysfunction and unbalanced nutritional structure.
2. Working conditions and working environment
It is precisely because the police are the armed national public security administrative force and the protector of society that the killing of the police has different potential social negative effects compared with the killing of ordinary social personnel. The incident of assaulting a police officer not only encourages the arrogance of criminals, but also makes people doubt the ability of public security organs to maintain social order and crack down on crimes, making people feel insecure.
Wu Jun (pseudonym) from the Anti-drug Reconnaissance Department of Zhejiang Public Security Bureau has been a policeman for 22 years. Because of the particularity of Wu Jun's work, he used an alias. Wu Jun said that in order to track drug dealers, he often followed them to other places, cities and even other provinces. After a year, the average person travels for more than three months, and the hardships can be imagined. In the face of criminal suspects, they also face security problems. More than 50% of AIDS patients are caused by drug abuse. When handling a case, the police often have direct contact with drug addicts and are easily infected. Wu Jun said seriously that the anti-drug police in our province have also encountered such a situation, but fortunately they were only injured. The traffic police are on duty for a long time on the road with serious exhaust gas, which is harmful to the health and often dizzy. Security has always been an important issue for the police. With the increase of armed criminal activities, the personal safety threats faced by the police in performing their duties are also increasing. The following table shows the police casualties in Chinese mainland since 1990, which shows that the working environment of the police is getting worse and worse.
The year of injury and sacrifice
1990 7 193 304
199 1 9 106 308
1992 7 153 300
1993 885 1 359
1994 9759 379
1995 9677 460
1996 1 168 1 5 15
1997 8 142 522
1998 8 177 442
1999 5559 533
3. Psychological stress
The irregular life of the police also brings great psychological pressure to themselves and their families, which leads to the breakdown of many families. 70% of the officers in the Houston Police Department are divorced. Due to tight working hours and high pressure, their average life expectancy is only 59 years. With the strengthening of media supervision, negative reports about police dereliction of duty have frequently appeared in newspapers in recent years. Last year, eight anti-drug policemen from the anti-drug department of Beilin Branch of Xi City were dealt with on suspicion of drug problems. According to the Lanzhou Morning Post, a female teacher who was pregnant for four months in Liu Ying Village, Puchuan Township, Weiyuan County, Gansu Province was brutally killed by her husband who was a policeman with 78 axes! People often talk about the phenomenon that a few policemen violently enforce the law, drunk driving, hit-and-run and shoot at will on impulse. In addition to their poor discipline, their unhealthy psychology is also a cause that cannot be ignored. If only psychologically, the police are undoubtedly a group of weak people. According to the results of psychological research, during the first three years of service, the police saw and heard much more ugly things than ordinary people saw and felt in their lives. In all emergency occupations, the psychological stress index borne by the police at work ranks first. Guo Guangdong, a doctoral student at East China University of Political Science and Law, believes that psychological stress also comes from the loneliness brought by occupation. The unique danger and tension of the police role always make them feel surrounded by a hostile force. Of course, this pressure comes from the high-risk occupation itself. The number of police in our country accounts for less than one thousandth of the total population, and the police force is seriously insufficient, which makes the police overworked and highly nervous, and the cerebral cortex nerves are in a state of excitement for a long time. Among all emergency occupations, the psychological stress index borne by the police at work is undoubtedly the highest. Police is a profession that has suffered many grievances. Being a policeman means hard work, which ordinary people may not be able to stand. I'm afraid the police are the last to get angry when they encounter difficulties in their work. What should they do? Is it necessary to scold the onlookers and beat the fans who act excessively? No When dealing with public security incidents, it is common for the police to be beaten and scolded, and we police have no regrets about it. But what saddens us most is that we can't get the understanding and support of the masses. Some people always look at the police with colored glasses and regard the bad behavior of some individuals in the police force as a common problem of the whole police force; Others think that the police should be perfect and should not have worldly desires.
4. Social pressure
The work of the police is related to the broad masses of the people, and the detection of major cases is facing great social pressure. General major cases, including homicide and armed robbery, easily bring insecurity to residents and affect social stability. Such cases are generally under pressure from the media and the government. And the invisible pressure of the people. For example, the case of the "copper girl" lost in Hangzhou and the case of the female teacher killed in Xiasha. In order to provide a safe social security environment for the people of Hang Cheng, the police should solve the case as soon as possible under great pressure.
At present, many corruption phenomena inevitably affect the police. There are some scum in this excellent group, which greatly reduces the image of the whole police. This invisible social pressure makes the police overdraw their body and energy, and at the same time, because some people don't understand and support, they are confused about their careers. Police is a high-risk occupation with high work intensity, which easily leads to psychological problems. Especially the police in China, because of the rapid economic development, large population mobility and high crime rate, the police in China work harder than some other countries. Moreover, compared with foreign special police mental health correction mechanism, China is still in its infancy. In addition, due to the particularity of the profession, the police may see more social dark sides every year than ordinary people do all their lives, so it is necessary to strengthen the requirements for mental health quality and give the police a harmonious environment.
5. Police equipment
Police equipment is also an organic part of police welfare. In the process of carrying out the task, police equipment is an important tool to protect the rights and interests of police life and health. British police have the most cars, riot gear and guns, and our country is generally poorly equipped. Hangzhou is one of the cities with relatively active economy and strong financial resources, so police equipment is also in the forefront in China. However, the overall level of police equipment in China is still very backward.
6, the pressure of development
The adoption of new technology and high technology has also brought various pressures to the police. High-tech not only brings us convenience, but also puts forward higher requirements for the quality of the police. Therefore, the police must keep up with the trend of the times and try to accept new things in their daily work, which will inevitably bring development pressure.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) evaluation and comparative analysis
1, Hong Kong Police Welfare
Housing welfare
Housing benefits for police officers include police quarters, civil servants' housing benefits and other related housing benefits, including: local inspector-level quarters, junior police officers' quarters, work-needed quarters, operational-needed quarters, civil servants' public housing quotas, non-accountable allowances, housing loan schemes, equal rent reduction allowances and relocation allowances; And allowance for furniture and appliances.
Free medical and dental services. The government or the Hospital Authority will provide free medical services, consultation procedures and medicines for the police and their families. There is a charge for hospitalization. Government dental clinics provide free dental services (tooth extraction and filling), and reasonable fees are charged for dentures and dental supplies. Paid holidays are allowances and bonuses obtained at the standard rate.
Sick leave can be prescribed by a doctor. People with less than four years' service are entitled to 9 1 day full-paid sick leave and 9 1 day half-paid sick leave. Those who have worked for more than 4 years are entitled to 182 days of sick leave with full pay and 182 days of sick leave with half pay. People who have worked continuously for at least 40 weeks are entitled to maternity leave with full pay for 10 weeks.
Education Assistance The Police Children's Education Fund and the Police Education and Welfare Fund provide financial assistance for their children to receive secondary and higher education.
Recreation and Sports The Police Club in Causeway Bay (for inspectors and above) and the Police Sports Recreation Club in Boundary Street (for officers at all levels) provide various social, sports and recreational facilities for the Force.
2. America
The annual salary of the new police in Los Angeles is $565,438+0,000 in the first year. Wages in other areas are slightly higher than those of ordinary school teachers and enterprise employees. As long as the American police work hard, regardless of the level, they have the right to enjoy all kinds of tax-free or tax-reduced benefits, as well as generous subsidies for buying houses, risk subsidies for major cases, and overtime subsidies for holidays. The police car equipped by the government can be driven home after work, which is a legal private use of the bus.
LAPD has five weeks' paid vacation every year, two public medical examinations every year, and the medical expenses and hospitalization expenses are all inclusive; A regular policeman's monthly salary is not less than $7,400, as well as pensions and pensions. All police officers who have worked continuously for 20 years will receive a one-time retirement compensation of $250,000 once they officially retire, regardless of their level.
Step 3 evaluate
Comparing the treatment of police between Hong Kong and the United States, though biased, probably reflects the embarrassing situation of welfare treatment in China's police industry. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the welfare treatment of the police from the above aspects. Of course, Pareto improvement is the best choice.
Conclusion of intransitive verbs
The welfare of the police is the lowest among all civil servants. It is reported that a policeman wears a mask to pedal a tricycle to find living expenses after work in order to support his family. "Strictly administering the police is a book, and preferential treatment for the police is empty talk." Are we a magnificent teacher or a disadvantaged group? ? The overall welfare of the police is poor, which is not commensurate with its working environment and nature. We should start from all levels, effectively improve the welfare of the police, build a more solid shield for our economic construction, and better escort our socialist modernization.
The human rights of the police have long been ignored. The police are the defenders of system and order, human rights, and the effective protectors of people's basic rights to life and property. However, the human rights of the police themselves are often violated, and they have been ignored and not recognized by the public. In a sense, they can also be called "vulnerable groups". Then, if the human rights as defenders of the system and order are not effectively protected, how can we talk about safeguarding the human rights of others?
The foundation of human rights is the right to life and health. Although the police are engaged in facing all kinds of criminals and their lives are in danger at any time, we should avoid unnecessary sacrifices and pay full attention to the police's right to life. To support the right to health, it is necessary to establish corresponding police welfare system and appropriate legislation to protect the legitimate rights of the police.
Henan is just a microcosm. . .