Engineering construction using bidding is the international practice, has hundreds of years of history and mature regulations, China's construction market in 1984 began to implement the bidding system. The essence of the bidding is price competition, price as the core of the bidding and the existence of the bidding; rationalize the bidding in the bidding price, to avoid the bidding price is unreasonable, so as to make the construction market into an orderly competition, healthy, sustainable development of the track, in order to facilitate the construction of China's economy.
China's government for a long time on the bidding of the bidding of the bidding of a variety of legal provisions, promulgated a number of rules and regulations, these documents in the management of the bidding of the price has played a positive role. But with the development of China's construction market, especially after joining the WTO, new problems have emerged. In recent years, a large number of popular market below-cost price of the low bid, as well as much higher than the cost of the high bid, these unreasonable bid and its harm, although the government's attention, but due to the main body of the bidding itself, the management to keep up with the current cost of the project cost of the price of the constraints of the method of constraints and so on, there is still a large number of construction units in the bidding blindly pressure price, pressure level, the construction enterprise overestimation of the phenomenon of cost, and its momentum The phenomenon of construction cost, and its momentum has not been obviously controlled. These unreasonable winning bidding prices have triggered a large number of problems such as project quality, construction accidents and engineering disputes. Therefore, the study of the causes of the above problems, and take corresponding measures to solve the problem, has been the urgent need of China's construction market.
Unreasonable project bidding price including below cost and much higher than the cost of the two bidding price.
1.1 too low bidding price harm to the market
Too low bidding price is below the cost of the winning bid, that is, the implementation of the "who is the lowest price who won the bid", the bidding process has become a bidder to let the pressure on the cost of the competitive game. Because the contract price is lower than the cost price, construction enterprises can only cut corners, shoddy work, resulting in a large number of "tofu dregs" projects. Construction process is also due to the construction of rudimentary facilities, so that the construction safety is not guaranteed, two years before the collapse of the Guangzhou Jiangnan West pit is an example. Too low bidding price project is often the construction of procrastination, the schedule can not be guaranteed, when some contractors really can not be maintained, they have to find a reason to add the project payment, resulting in disputes with the owners, and finally in arrears of workers' wages to pay off, or a low bid, high price settlement to end.
In the long run, because the whole market is competing for the lowest price, so construction companies do not need to improve the construction process; the material market does not need to provide high-quality and durable materials, low-quality products are sold in large quantities; talent, skilled craftsmen are excluded from the construction team, and replaced by only know how to make a shoddy cheap work. In the supply exceeds demand in the construction market, it will cause the survival of the fittest, a large number of poor quality, poorly equipped small enterprises to get the project. The result is to make the whole construction market regression, lose the ability to compete at home and abroad.
For the government, the construction project is a hundred-year plan, should protect the people's safety and people's interests as the first duty, the occurrence of the above phenomenon, not only to the country caused by major economic losses, but also will be a loss of trust in the people.
1.2 The harm of excessive high bid price to the market
Excessive winning bid price is generally found in some of the larger government investment or bidder collusion in the project. These projects do not choose the lowest bidder to win the bid, but to choose its more understanding, more credit long-term partners, or even some kind of special relationship with the bidder. It is difficult to avoid the bidders in some kind of interest driven by too high a bid, this is much higher than the quality of the project required to win the bid, because of the high profits, its harm is also a lot. First of all, most of the profits will not fall in the hands of the constructor, one is to flow into the hands of the person in charge, resulting in more corruption, the second is to flow into the hands of the subcontractor, resulting in more layers of subcontracting, resulting in more intermediate exploiters, so that the construction of responsibility is not clear, it is difficult to carry out the management. The second is to cause confusion in the construction market price, can not reflect the real market price.
2 produce unreasonable project bidding price reasons analysis
2.1 bidding and tendering parties conceptual error
While the unreasonable bidding price on the market as described in the previous paragraph has caused harm to the market has been revealed, but did not cause the market parties to pay attention to the market is still prevalent in today's market unreasonable bidding price. One of the reasons for this is because of our market competition has been formed to chase the highest immediate profit as the only goal of the concept, they are blindly, unscrupulously profit, in front of the "profit" everything is eclipsed. The only goal of the bidders is to get the project, the project to hand, there are natural ways to make profits; bidders target is in favor of their own price to successfully contracted out of the great success. Driven by this concept who will not go deeper into the pros and cons of all aspects of it.
2.2 on the "reasonably low bid" of the wrong understanding
In the bidding activities in the "reasonably low bid" of the "reasonable" word out, there is an error in understanding. The reason for this is that there is an error in the understanding of the word "reasonable" in the phrase "reasonable low bid". Because foreign countries do have "low bid" practice, but it refers to the "project low bid", refers to the design, construction general contracting basis of the low bid. Domestic construction project bidding is usually construction bidding, the design and construction will be split up. The low price winning bid for engineering projects abroad becomes the low price winning bid for construction in China, which is a subversion of the basic premise of the low price winning bid for engineering projects. Although the "bidding and tendering law" has been clearly stipulated: all below the enterprise's own cost of the offer is regarded as the abolition of the bid, more unlikely to win the bid. But how to grasp the price below cost? Since, "reasonable" word has been wrongly taken out, so in the evaluation of the implementation of the bid and no statement, the process of answering questions, most of the bid evaluation process is just to look at the construction program of the bid there is no problem, and then choose the lowest bidder to win the bid. In this way, it is impossible to rely on the jury's discerning eye to determine whether it is below cost.
2.3 abnormal phenomenon of bidding
In recent years, due to the increasing number of units involved in the construction of the project, there is little porridge, bidders in order to improve the chances of winning the bidding in the bidding appeared in a "bidding" phenomenon, that is, some of the construction team borrowed a number of engineering units to participate in the bidding, the organization of the bidder sometimes even control. Organizations around the bidding sometimes even control the total number of bidding units of more than 70%, the construction unit can use the master of each bid to adjust the cost, in order to obtain a higher price to win the bid. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain a reasonably low price.
Tendering also exists in the bidding phenomenon of collusion between the two sides, the cost of the project is based on the distribution of interests between the two sides. This phenomenon occurs mostly in the government project, the bidder is on behalf of the investor (government) to preside over the project or on behalf of the investor bidding, when the government's investment is very generous, there will be too high a bid; when the government is not enough funds to preside over the project in order to create the performance of the project to show that spend less, do more of the skills, there will be too low a winning bid, and then high price settlement.
2.4 Management information lag
China's construction market, although in early 2003 on the implementation of the internationally accepted bill of quantities pricing, but most of the engineering cost practitioners have been accustomed to the government quota pricing model, engineering cost management agencies approved the release of the project quotas, although the requirement of the new average cost of the principle of compilation, but because of its information lag in the market, the quota The prescribed cost cannot reflect the market cost, not to mention the enterprise cost. Moreover, the fixed-price pricing is "price-volume integration" and "fixed charge", which makes it even more difficult to reflect the real cost. Engineering quotation as a pricing standard, and the actual input of the project is the actual cost, the gap between the two is sometimes very large, it is difficult to rationalize the tender offer.
3 measures to solve the unreasonable bid price
In view of the above analysis of the construction project bidding in the unreasonable bid price of all the reasons, its deep-rooted problems have been jeopardized to the healthy development of the construction market, we must find ways to solve it.
3.1 Update the idea, correct the concept
Management should be held through the study class, held a demonstration project to educate the market parties to the concept of unlimited profitability into the market win-win concept, that is, the cooperation of all parties to achieve their respective goals through *** with the cooperation in a sense of a winner, that is to say, the investor to achieve the expected return, the contractors to obtain a reasonable expectation of profit. In addition, it is also necessary to educate the market parties to realize that the construction project itself is for the public, only to let the public agree that the market can be sustained, the market parties have the opportunity to win. Through education, so that after the market parties to the concept of updating, we can calm down, think y about the problems brought about by unreasonable winning price, it will be in danger of concessions, *** business countermeasures, and will not continue to slide along the dangerous road of unreasonable prices. Secondly, through the study, to correct the "low bid" of the wrong understanding of the "low price" and "reasonably low price" difference, from the mechanism as soon as possible to introduce foreign general contracting of engineering Management mode. The implementation of design, construction, procurement integrated management.
Low bid in the international construction market bidding has existed for many years, it is to design and construction general contracting as the basic premise, through the optimization of design and technological innovation, so that the design and construction program is more reasonable, more optimized, and then effectively reduce the cost of the project and the formation of a reasonably low price. Design is the leader of engineering construction, has a pivotal role in the project cost. When a construction plan is put into construction, it determines the essence of the project and the basis of the project cost. Whether a project is reasonable in cost, is a waste or saving, in the design stage is largely finalized. Therefore, the implementation of design bidding, the introduction of competition mechanism, forcing competitors to construction projects related to the scale, process, functional programs, equipment selection, investment control, etc. to make a comprehensive and thorough analysis, comparison, set up a good sense of economic consciousness, pay attention to the investment effect of the construction project, with the most economically rational design program to participate in the bidding. Only in the implementation of the design and construction general contracting will appear in the real sense of the "low bid", so that the winning bid is the most reasonable. The government should urgently amend the "Building Law", from the level of laws and regulations to ensure that the legal status of design and construction general contracting, and at the same time from the level of policies and measures to increase the promotion of design and construction general contracting, to encourage and cultivate a number of design and construction general contracting comprehensive strength of large-scale construction enterprises to enter the market, the implementation of the real meaning of the project "low bid". The real sense of the project "low price to win the bid". Standardize the mode of action, encourage the optimization of design and technological innovation, and effectively reflect the principles of openness, justice and fairness.
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