9.9 yuan preparation gas packet exclusive benefits to go gas construction drawings is the basis for the construction of the house, is the "language of the project", which specifies what kind of building to build, and specifies the shape, size, practice and technical requirements. In addition to more contact with the drawings of this type of work, and sometimes also combined with the entire project drawings to see the map, in order to cross-circle with, without error. For this reason, we must learn how to read the map, in order to receive twice the result with half the effort. The following is the editorial from the network to organize some of the basic knowledge of the method.
(1) step by step
After getting a copy of the drawings, first look at what the map, after looking at what the map, there should be a main and secondary, generally in the following order:
①First carefully read the design instructions, to understand the building's profile, location, elevation, material requirements, quality standards, construction precautions, as well as some special technical requirements, in the minds of the formation of a Initial impression;
② then look at the floor plan, understand the plan shape of the house, openings, depths, column network dimensions, a variety of room arrangements and traffic layout, as well as the location of doors and windows, the building to form a plan concept, to see the elevation drawings, sectional drawings to lay the groundwork;
③ look at elevation drawings, in order to understand the direction of the building, number of floors and changes in storey heights, as well as doors, windows, external decorative requirements and so on;
③ look at elevation drawings, in order to understand the building direction, number of floors and layer heights, and doors, windows and external decorative Requirements, etc.;
4 look at the section, in order to generally understand the section part of the elevation changes and the interior of the part;
5 finally look at the structural drawings, in order to understand the plan, elevation, section and other architectural drawings and structural drawings of the relationship between the project to deepen the understanding of the whole project;
6, in addition, must be based on the plan, elevation, section, etc., index symbols. Detailed reading of the sample drawings or node diagrams referred to, so that the combination of coarse and fine, the size of the intersection of the circle.
Only step by step, in order to understand the design intent, read the design drawings, that is to say, generally should do "first read the description of the map; the order of the best for the flat, elevation, section; check the nodes and samples; architectural and structural control to read", so as to receive twice the result with half the effort.
(2) to remember the size
Construction works, although various, but through the size of each part of the change and the emergence of a variety of different shapes and effects. As the saying goes, "there are no rules, not a circle", if there are no specific dimensions such as length, width, height, diameter, etc. on the map, the construction workers can not follow the map construction.
But there are a lot of dimensions on the drawings, as specific and operators, do not need, and it is impossible to memorize all the dimensions on the map. However, some of the main dimensions of the building, the main components of the specifications, models, location, quantity, etc., it is necessary to memorize. This can deepen the understanding of the design drawings, conducive to construction operations, reduce or avoid construction errors.
Generally speaking, as to keep in mind the following dimensions: the depth of the opening to remember, the length and width of the dimensions do not forget; vertical and horizontal axes in mind, the total height is very important; structural dimensions should be remembered, components do not wrong; foundation size is the key to the structural strength can not be less; beams and columns to remember to keep in mind the cross-section of the door and window openings should be left well.
(3) clarify the relationship
When looking at the map must be clear about the interrelationship between each drawing. Because a drawing can not express in detail the specific size of each part of a project, practices and requirements. Must use many drawings, from different aspects of the expression of a part of the practice and requirements of these different parts of the practice and requirements, is a complete picture of the building. So in a construction drawing of the various drawings, have a close connection between.
When you look at the map, you must plan the axes in the number, position as a benchmark, to: "the hands of the drawings, the heart of the axes, a thousand and ten thousand things, everywhere not offline. This is the basic foundation as well as the standard.
The main relationship between the drawings, in general, the main: axis is the benchmark, the number to coincide; elevation to cross the circle, high and low to be equal; section to see the location of the detailed drawings, detailed index; such as the use of standard drawings, the lead line labeled; the requirements and practices, fast to take the instructions; civil engineering and installation, the clear holes, ditches, grooves; materials and standards, the relevant charts to find out; building and structure, before and after to be compared.
So clarify the relationship between the drawings, is an important part of the map, is to find problems, reduce or avoid errors in the basic measures.
(4) seize the key
When looking at the construction drawings, as the key to each drawing must be seized, only to grasp the key in order to seize the key, less error. Generally should seize the following aspects.
①The key in the plan: in the construction of some of the errors often have a certain **** sex. Such as "the door is open outside the open, the axis is the center of the center, the direction of the southeast, northwest, wall thickness is a few bricks. Door opening direction in the plan, while the window does not open the direction, you must check the drawing to determine. Axis in the wall is in the center or in the middle, which layer is in the middle, which layer is in the middle, must be clear, in order not to cause the axis of the error; so as not to mistakenly take all the axis as the center line.
The direction of the house must be clear, the map has a north pointer to the north pointer shall prevail, no north pointer to the general plan and the general description of the direction shall prevail. General building plan, should be consistent with the law of the upper north and lower south, left west and right east. In each axis, each part of the wall thickness should also be carefully checked clearly, such as which wall is a brick, which wall is half a brick thick, absolutely can not be wrong.
② in the elevation drawings, must grasp the elevation of the door and window openings size, in order to set up the number of skin rod and reserve sill without error.
3 in the section, the main floor elevation, roof elevation should be mastered. Some also need to master the section of the interior holes, door elevation, floor practices, roof insulation and waterproofing practices.
4 in the structural drawings, the main foundation, walls, beams, columns, slabs, roof system design requirements, specific dimensions, location, interface between each other and the materials used.
(5) understand the characteristics
Industrial buildings to meet the requirements of a variety of different production processes, in the design and construction of different characteristics. Such as acid treatment workshop, the walls, floors and other acid-resistant requirements, we must take different treatment methods; precision instrumentation workshop, doors and windows, walls have different dust, constant temperature and humidity requirements.
Civilian buildings due to the use of different functions, there are different characteristics. Such as theaters, due to special requirements for acoustics, so in the ceiling, walls have different treatment methods and technical requirements. Therefore, in familiar with each carpentry construction drawings, must understand the characteristics and requirements of the project, including the following aspects:
① foundation treatment program and requirements to achieve the technical standards;
② special parts of the processing requirements;
③ quality standards of materials or special materials technical requirements;
④ need to pay attention to or prone to problems parts;
3 the material quality standards or special materials technical requirements;
4 need to pay attention to or prone to problems parts;
4 need to pay attention to or prone to problems parts;
5 need to pay attention to or prone to problems Problematic parts;
⑤Special construction techniques of new technology, new structure, new materials, etc.
⑥Some technical specifications and special requirements put forward in the design;
⑦Key parts in the structure;
Only by understanding the characteristics of a project can we have a better and comprehensive understanding of the design drawings to ensure that the project's special needs.
(6) charts and graphs against
A complete construction drawings, in addition to including a variety of drawings, but also includes a variety of tables, these tables specifically summarize the practice of each sub-projects, dimensions, specifications, models, is an integral part of the construction drawings. In the construction drawings in the common table are some of the following.
①indoor and outdoor practice table mainly describes the specific practice of indoor and outdoor parts, such as outdoor foot how to do, how to do the ground in a room.
② door, window table shows a building all the required door, window model, height and width of the size (or hole size), as well as a variety of models of doors, windows, the number of required.
3 components table according to the project required beams, columns, panels, the number, name, list the specifications of various types of components, size, model, the number of required.
④Table of reinforcing bars Variety, diameter, specification, size, shape, number of roots and weight of reinforcing bars required in various reinforced concrete beams, columns, slabs, foundations and other structures.
When looking at the construction drawings, it is best to read the drawings of their own understanding of the various data, and the data in the table for checking, such as complete consistency, proving that the drawings and understanding of the error, such as the discovery of the wrong type, specification does not match, the number of different, should be carefully checked again, to further deepen the understanding of the design of the drawings to improve the understanding of the design of the drawings, and at the same time can also be timely found in the drawings, tables of the error.
(7) meticulous
Look at the drawings must be serious, careful, meticulous. Construction drawings of each data, size, each legend, symbols, each text description, can not spare. On the drawings of the expression of unclear or size shortages in the part, must not rely on their own imagination, estimation, guessing to construction, otherwise it will be a tiny difference, lost a thousand miles.
In addition, a more complex design drawings, often by a number of professional designers **** with the completion, for various reasons, in the size of certain contradictions may arise. Such as the total size and detail size does not match; large sample, small sample size of two; architectural drawings of the wall, beam location and structural mismatch; total elevation or floor elevation and detail or structural drawings in the labeling does not match. May also be due to the negligence of the designers, there are certain omissions, omitted parts. Therefore, construction personnel must be meticulous when looking at the map, in order to find such problems, and then with the designers **** with the solution to avoid the occurrence of errors.
(8) three combinations
In the study of civil construction drawings, must pay attention to the study of other professional drawings, in order to comprehensively and correctly understand the whole picture of the project.
Especially for large projects, there are general layout drawings, earth balance drawings, water, heating, electricity, sanitary equipment installation drawings, equipment foundation construction drawings, indoor and outdoor pipelines, pipe trenches, cable diagrams and so on. These drawings of various specialties make up the complete overall of a project. These professional drawings must echo each other, complement each other.
Therefore, when looking at civil engineering drawings, pay attention to do three combinations.
①Architectural and structural combination
That is, when looking at the architectural drawings, you must look at each other with the structural drawings.
② indoor and outdoor combination
When looking at the unit project construction drawings, must accordingly look at the general plan, to understand the project in the building area of the specific location, direction, environment, and the absolute elevation; and at the same time, to understand the outdoor arrangement of various pipelines, as well as the impact on the construction of the project in the construction of the site to understand how to deal with the problem of flood control and drainage, and so on.
3 civil construction and installation of the combination
When looking at the civil engineering diagrams, must be combined with the installation of the project map, be sure to do: reserved holes, reserved grooves, to find out the location and size of the construction of the good to be left behind; embedded parts, embedded pipe, specifications and quantities of checking well, in a timely manner, don't forget to put on. That is, when looking at the civil engineering drawings, we must pay attention to a variety of pipe, ditch inlet, location, size, elevation and installation of the map whether or not the intersection of the circle; equipment reserved holes to be how big to stay in what parts of the area, which places to be pre-buried iron or buried pipe, and so on.
(9) master skills
Looking at the drawings and engaged in other operations, in addition to skilled, there are skills issues, looking at the skills vary from person to person, different, now introduces a few points.
①Watch and remember When you look at the map, you should write down the main parts of the practice and size, write down the problems that need to be solved, and look at one by one, one by one to remember, one by one to solve the difficult problems, in order to deepen the impression.
② first rough and then fine First, all the drawings roughly once, roughly form an overall concept, and then look at each 2 to 3 times. Look carefully, mainly to understand the details of the practice, one by one to solve some of the questions raised in the rough look, so as to deepen understanding and deepen memory.
③ Repeatedly control, find out the law of the drawings generally read once, and then the relevant drawings together, repeated control. Find out the inner laws and connections, thus consolidating the understanding of the drawings.
4 chart labeling, strengthen the memory In order to see the map for convenience, deepen the memory, can be certain drawings on the size, description, model, etc. labeled to the common drawings, such as labeling to the floor plan, etc. This can deepen the memory, is conducive to the discovery of problems. This can deepen the memory, conducive to the discovery of problems.
(10) the formation of the overall concept
Through the above steps, the proposed project can form an overall concept of the characteristics of the building, shape, size, layout and requirements have been very clear. With this overall concept, in the construction of a good idea, can reduce or avoid mistakes.
The above is about the 10 ways to read the construction drawings of the second level constructor, candidates can pay attention to the second level constructor column of the construction engineering education network, which will be updated with different contents for the candidates every day. At the same time, in order to help 2019 candidates to participate in the second level constructor examination, the online school also launched a free trial of 2019 prep class