R?ntgen carried out experimental research work in many fields of physics during his life, such as the magnetic effect of a dielectric moving in a charged capacitor, the specific heat capacity of gases, the thermal conductivity of crystals, the phenomena of pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity, the rotation of the polarized plane of light in gases, the relation between light and electricity, the elasticity of matter, the phenomenon of capillarity and so on, and he made some contributions to the research, and he won great honors due to his discovery of X-rays, so that most of these contributions have gone unnoticed. so great an honor that most of these contributions have gone unnoticed.
On November 8, 1895, R?ntgen noticed for the first time that a small screen of barium cyanoplatinate near the ray tube emitted a shimmering light when he was conducting experiments on cathode rays. After a few days of sleepless study, he determined that the glowing of the screen was due to some kind of ray emitted from the ray tube. Since the nature and properties of this ray were still poorly understood at that time, he called it X-ray, meaning unknown. On December 28 of the same year, the Journal of the Physical and Medical Society of Würzburg published his first report on this discovery. He continued his research on this ray, publishing new papers in 1896 and 1897.
R?ntgen made his first report in his own institute on January 23, 1896; at the end of the report, a photograph of one of the hands of Klickel, the famous professor of anatomy at the University of Würzburg, was taken with an X-ray; Klickel led three cheers for R?ntgen, and suggested that the rays should be named R?ntgen's rays.
Roentgen rays were the first so-called "penetrating rays" discovered by man, capable of penetrating certain materials that ordinary light could not. At the time of the initial discovery, Roentgen used the rays to take a photograph of his wife's hand, showing the structure of the hand bone. This discovery caused an immediate sensation and brought great honor to Roentgen, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery in 1901, the first year in which the Nobel Prize was awarded. During 1895, R?ntgen studied the effects of high voltage discharges in vacuum tubes using equipment designed by his colleagues Hertz, Sittorff, Crookes, and Lenard, and in early November R?ntgen repeated the experiments with the Reynard tube, which incorporated a narrow window made of aluminum metal to allow cathode rays to come out of the tube, and a piece of cardboard to cover the aluminum window to protect it from being damaged by the strong electric field that produces the cathode rays. He knew that the paper screen prevented light from escaping, but observed that when he approached the aluminum window with a small paper screen coated with barium cyanoplatinate, unseen cathode rays were able to produce a fluorescence effect on the paper screen. This led Roentgen to think that Hifforf-Crookes tubes, which had thicker walls than those of the Reynard tube, might also cause fluorescence effects.
Late in the afternoon of November 8, 1895, he decided to test his idea. He carefully made a black paper screen similar to the Reynard tube experiment and used this plate to cover the Hifforf-Crookes tube and put the electrodes in a Ruhmkorff (Ruhmkorff) coil to generate an electrostatic charge. Before verifying his idea with a barium cyanoplatinate screen, R?ntgen darkened the room to detect if it was his cardboard that was leaking light. When he passed the coil through the tube, he determined that the board was indeed impervious to light and proceeded to the next step of the experiment. Just then, he noticed a faint light from a few meters away from the test tube. To be sure of his discovery, he tried repeating the above operation and each time he saw the same faint light. Wiping a match, he realized it was the barium cyanoplatinate he had placed on his workbench for the next step that was glowing.
Rentgen spent the next few hours repeating the experiment over and over again. He quickly determined a specific distance from the tube from which he was able to observe a stronger fluorescence than in the previous tests. He speculated that a new ray might have been discovered.November 8 was a Friday, and R?ntgen used the weekend to repeat the experiment and make his first record. Over the next few weeks he lived and ate in his laboratory, studying almost all the properties of the new rays, which he tentatively named X-rays, and giving mathematical representations of the unknown parts. Although the new rays were eventually named after him as Roentgen rays, he always preferred the original term X-rays. R?ntgen's discovery of X-rays was no accident, nor did he work alone. According to research, a number of people in several countries were working on it at the time and, the discovery was made close to the same time. In fact, the University of Pennsylvania had already produced X-rays and recorded images of them 2 years earlier. However, the researchers there didn't realize the importance of the discovery and just filed them away, thus losing the chance to gain the accolade of being the greatest physical discovery of all time. What he happened to find on the screen drew his attention away from his original research. He was already planning to use that screen in his next experiment, and he made that discovery a short time before that.
When he investigated the ability of different materials to block the rays, he put this small piece of material where the rays were produced. One can imagine R?ntgen's surprise when he saw the skeleton flickering on the first X-ray image presented on a screen he had made. He is said to have later conducted this experiment in secret in his laboratory because he feared that if the discovery was a mistake it would affect his reputation as a professor.
R?ntgen's original paper, "A New Kind of X-rays," was published 50 days later on Dec. 28, 1895, and on Jan. 5, 1896, an Austrian newspaper reported R?ntgen's discovery. After Roentgen's discovery of X-rays, the University of Würzburg awarded him an honorary doctorate of medicine. Between 1895 and 1897 he published a total of three papers on X-rays. R?ntgen was so rigorous that no errors have been found in his papers to this day. X-ray diagnosis pioneered medical imaging technology. 1895, the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad R?ntgen discovered X-rays, which opened up a new way for human beings to use X-rays to diagnose and treat diseases, pioneering medical imaging technology. But the first batch of X-ray camera X-rays are very weak, exposure into an hour in order to image, and the doctor's health has an impact, so in order to make the doctor can be more clear to the human body internal organs of the foci of the disease and symptoms of the observation, a better way to prescribe the right medication, rapid and complete relief of the patient's pain, and at the same time, to protect the doctor's health. Scientists from all over the world have been tirelessly researching and improving medical imaging technology.
In the mid-1970s, the use of computers brought the first revolutionary innovation in medical imaging, combining computer technology with the first medical imaging equipment - CT scanner was born! The use of computerized X-ray tomography (CT), you can better distinguish the internal structure of the human body image, dramatically improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis, and become one of the most significant breakthroughs in the field of medical diagnostics for the 20th century. Since then, the rapid development of medical imaging technology, magnetic **** vibration imaging (MRI), computed radiography (CR), digital radiography (DR), emission computed tomography (ECT) and other new digital medical imaging technology continues to emerge, composed of a powerful radiography information system (RIS), an important cornerstone of medical diagnosis is essential. The development and popularization of electronic computer technology and its increasingly wide range of applications in medicine, and ultimately formed a multidisciplinary cross-cutting emerging disciplines - Medical Informatics (Medical Informatics), and Medical Informatics in the medical application of the largest field is the hospital information system (Hospital Information System, HIS). Hospital Information System (HIS). HIS uses computers and communication equipment to collect, store, process, transmit and output outpatient, inpatient health care and management information, including clinical auxiliary department information, forming a network system to realize the information ****sharing to improve the quality of hospital work and efficiency. In the large hospitals of developed countries in the world, a perfect HIS was built as early as in the early 1980s, realizing modern medical management. With the rapid development of HIS, the traditional way of storing and processing medical image information and data no longer meets the needs, so in Europe, the United States and other developed countries in the mid-1980s began to study more advanced medical image archiving and communication system (PACS), and in the early 1990s with the RIS composed of PACS/RIS applied to HIS in succession. The establishment of PACS/RIS and the improvement of HIS based on digital medical imaging technology constitute the new pattern of digital healthcare in the world today. In this surging wave of digital medical care, and Kodak is the wave of high-tech to provide the first body, in fact, Kodak developed a digital camera technology in 1976, and digital imaging technology used in aerospace applications, in the field of digital imaging has accumulated a strong technical strength. X-ray was applied to clinical medicine in 1896, and for the first time a sewing needle was removed from the soft tissue in the hand of a woman in London. Any part of the body, tissue, or organ can be visualized by X-ray and abnormalities can be detected.
R?ntgen resigned his administrative position in 1919 to specialize in science and teaching, and he based his research on crystalline physics until three days before his death. R?ntgen's later years were lonely and rough, suffering from the hardships of World War I and the post-war effects that had been his 50-pound weight loss. He suffered from gastrointestinal disease, three days after the acute brain disease, on February 10, 1923, quietly ended 78 years of glorious life journey, a giant star of mankind fell. He used his hands to open the way to atomic physics, medical radiology has since been born and developed, bringing happiness to mankind. R?ntgen spent his life engaged in the great cause of scientific research, his style of rigorous, open-minded, sincere, hard work, dedication, perseverance, through the hardships to complete his ideals, which is the most valuable legacy he has left to us The most important chemical element to date 111 held a naming ceremony, officially named it "錀"（Rg）, to commemorate the discovery of R?ntgen, the most important chemical element in the world, and the discovery of R?ntgen. Rg) in honor of Wilhelm R?ntgen, the first Nobel Laureate in Physics to discover roentgen rays. Chemical element 111 was first discovered and confirmed in 1994 by an international team of researchers led by Prof. Sylgud Hoffmann at the Center for Heavy Ion Research in Germany.
In 2003, the International Chemical Union officially recognized the research center for first discovering chemical element 111, and in 2004 accepted a proposal to name it Rg. On the 111th anniversary of physicist Roentgen's discovery of the Roentgen rays, the Heavy Ion Research Center in Darmstadt, Germany, officially named chemical element 111 "(metal)" in a ceremony.