1. Accounting treatment of direct financing lease
1. Basic flow of accounting treatment
(1) 1. After submitting a lease application, the lessor accepts it and signs a financial lease contract, which is based on the lower sum of the equipment price, transportation fee, installation and commissioning fee, insurance premium, etc. and the present value of the lease payable (discount rate order: embedded interest rate, contract interest rate and bank loan interest rate for the same period). According to the total amount of rent payable in the schedule of the financial lease contract, credit the subject of "long-term payable-financial lease payable".
2. if the proportion of leased assets to the total assets of the enterprise is less than or equal to 3%, the book value of assets can be confirmed according to the total rent payable, and the account of "fixed assets-finance leased fixed assets" can be debited, and the account of "long-term payables-finance lease payable" can be credited according to the total rent payable in the schedule of the finance lease contract.
(2) At the time of signing the lease contract, the lessee should generally pay the lessor 2-3% of the leased object as the lease deposit, debit the "other receivables" account and credit the "bank deposit" account. Is the deposit used to pay the last installment or installments of rent? Debit the account of "Long-term Payables-Financing Leases Payable" and credit the account of "Other Receivables".
(3) during the lease term, the lessee pays the rent on schedule, debits the account of "long-term payables-financing lease payments payable" and credits the account of "bank deposits". Confirm the part of rent interest included in the rent as the current expense, debit the "financial expense" account and credit the "unconfirmed financing expense" account.
(4) The lessee accrues depreciation in two ways
1. At the end of the contract, the ownership of the leased object is transferred, and the lessee accrues depreciation according to the normal service life, debits the subjects of "manufacturing expenses" and "management expenses" and credits the subjects of "accumulated depreciation".
2. When the contract is signed, it cannot be reasonably determined that the ownership of the leased object will be transferred at the end of the period, and the lessee shall accrue depreciation according to the shorter lease period and normal service life (the lease period for new equipment is generally shorter than normal service life), that is, the depreciation shall be accrued according to the lease period? Debit "manufacturing expenses", "management expenses" and other subjects, and credit "accumulated depreciation" subjects.
(5) When the lease expires, the lessee obtains the ownership of the leased object, which is divided into two situations:
1. The lessee depreciates according to the normal service life, and the net book value of the asset should be roughly the same as the actual value of the asset. The lessee does not need to adjust the account, but obtains the ownership at the nominal price, debits the account of "long-term payables-financing lease payable", credits the account of "bank deposit", and recognizes the nominal price as the current expense. At the same time, the "financing leased into fixed assets" will be converted into the detailed account of "own fixed assets".
2. The lessee depreciates according to the lease term, and the net book value of the assets (almost zero) is far from the actual value of the assets. The lessee can evaluate the asset value in the name of assets verification, and record it as the evaluated value.
(1) acquire the ownership at the nominal price, debit the account of "long-term payables-financing lease payable", credit the account of "bank deposit", confirm the nominal price as current expenses, debit the account of "financial expenses" and credit the account of "unconfirmed financing expenses".
(2) enter the account based on the assessed value of assets and capital verification, debit the "fixed assets" account and credit the "capital reserve" account.