Research study represents achievement.
Research topic: the characteristics of "Internet of Things era" and its embodiment in daily life.
Brief introduction of results:
This paper first introduces the concept of "Internet of Things" and its development at home and abroad, and points out that the concept of "Internet of Things" is already a concept of "Made in China" and has been labeled as "Chinese style". With the increasing popularity of cloud computing and the maturity of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the Internet of Things era has quietly entered the 2.0 era from the 1.0 era.
The Internet of Things era has remarkable characteristics. First of all, "Internet of Things as a Service" is landing. Second, the localization, functionalization and industrialization of the Internet of Things. Third, the technology and equipment upgrade of the Internet of Things. Fourth, the security of Internet of Things attracts people's attention.
With the continuous development of Internet of Things technology, it has been quietly integrated into people's daily life. This paper briefly introduces the application scenarios of Internet of Things 2.0 in daily life, such as logistics, transportation, home, security, medical care, architecture, retail and so on, and looks forward to the development trend of Internet of Things.
Characteristics of "Internet of Things Era" and Its Embodiment in Daily Life
By introducing the concept of "Internet of Things", this paper introduces the basic connotation and characteristics of Internet of Things Era 2.0, and briefly introduces the application scenarios of Internet of Things Era 2.0 in daily life such as logistics, transportation, home, security, medical care, construction, retail and so on, and looks forward to the development trend of Internet of Things.
Keywords Internet of Things artificial intelligence cloud computing
Internet of Things is another wave of information industry after computer, Internet and mobile communication network, which can make our society more automated, make our life more convenient, improve the degree of social informatization as a whole, and play an important role in improving information transmission efficiency, improving people's livelihood, improving productivity and reducing management costs.
This paper systematically introduces the origin, concept and development of the Internet of Things, expounds some characteristics of the Internet of Things era 2.0, and briefly describes the application of the Internet of Things in daily life such as transportation, medical care and architecture.
First, the basic connotation of "Internet of Things era"
1 1. 1 internet of things
From 65438 to 0999, Kevin Ashton, a professor at MIT, first put forward the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). Ashton believes that computers can eventually generate and collect data independently without human intervention, so it will promote the birth of the Internet of Things. Simply put, the idea of the Internet of Things lies in the communication between things and the online interaction between things.
In 2005, at the World Summit on the Information Society held in Tunisia, the International Telecommunication Union published "ITU Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things", which formally put forward the concept of "Internet of Things" and defined it as the Internet through various information sensing devices.
Such as sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, global positioning system, infrared sensors, laser scanners, gas sensors and other equipment and technologies, real-time acquisition of any object or process that needs monitoring, connection and interaction, and acquisition of its sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, location and other required information.
Combined with the Internet, a huge network is formed, the purpose of which is to realize the connection between things, things and people, and everything and the network, which is convenient for identification, management and control.
China Internet of Things School-Enterprise Alliance defines the Internet of Things as the combination of almost all technologies with computer and Internet technologies, which realizes the real-time enjoyment and intelligent collection, transmission, processing and execution of environment and state information between objects. Broadly speaking, all applications involving information technology can be included in the category of Internet of Things.
The concept of the Internet of Things is already a "Made in China" concept, and its coverage keeps pace with the times, which has exceeded the scope pointed out by Professor Ashton in 1999 and ITU reports in 2005, and the Internet of Things has been labeled as "Chinese style".
2 1.2 internet of things era
With the increasing popularity of cloud computing and the maturity of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, information technology has been promoted to the Internet of Things era. Especially under the fusion of IOT and AI, everything has the ability of perception, and the physical equipment is no longer cold, but has vitality, which makes the physical world and the digital world deeply integrated. As a result, the industry boundaries are becoming more and more blurred, and mankind has entered a brand-new intelligent society.
The Internet of Things era is a network era in which everything is connected with the Internet through information sensing devices such as radio frequency identification, infrared sensors, global positioning system, laser scanners and gas sensors, and information exchange and communication are carried out according to the agreed protocol, so as to realize intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management.
The Internet of Things is the application expansion of the Internet. It is not so much a network as a business and application. Therefore, application innovation is the core of the development of the Internet of Things, and innovation with user experience as the core is the soul of the development of the Internet of Things.
With the concept of "Internet of Things" from putting forward to developing, from practice to innovation, the Internet of Things era has quietly entered the 2.0 era from the 1.0 era. Internet of Things 2.0 can be understood as IoE (Internet of Everything), and Internet of Things 1.0 is IoT (Internet of Things). The former is broader and covers a wider range than the latter.
The concept of Internet of Everything emphasized by IoE is that any device and thing can be connected through the network and communicate with each other in the network. In the "Internet of Everything" (IoE) era, everything will gain context awareness, enhanced processing power and better perception.
Second, the characteristics of the "Internet of Things era"
Compared with the Internet era, the Internet of Things era has remarkable characteristics:
1, "Internet of Things as a Service" is about to land.
Since it is called the Internet of Things 2.0 era, it is obviously improved compared with the Internet of Things 1.0 era. Therefore, an obvious feature of the Internet of Things 2.0 era is that what Academician Wu called "Internet of Things as a Service" has landed.
2. The Internet of Things is localized, functional and interconnected.
Since the Internet of Things has to land through services, how can it land? At this time, it is the real Internet of Things enterprise-the Internet of Things platform enterprise that undertakes the responsibility of landing. The Internet of Things has the characteristics of localization, functionalization and industrial interconnection. The application of various industries has formed specific requirements for the network layer and gradually standardized the industry.
3. Internet of Things technology and equipment upgrade
The upper application is gradually separated from the Internet of Things network layer, and the Internet of Things network supporting technologies (NB-IoT, Lora, etc. ) fully developed and blooming. In the perception layer, the sensor is upgraded to "sensor+actuator", so that "eye-hand" can work together and play a greater role.
4. The security of Internet of Things attracts people's attention.
Since the concept of Internet of Things was put forward, people have been paying close attention to it. In the future, Internet of Things security, as a relatively independent research field, will get enough attention and development.
The future Internet of Things 2.0 should continuously improve the level of artificial intelligence, improve the language assistant technology and enhance the security and trust of the Internet of Things through the improvement of artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, 5G and other technologies. The external performance is the iterative upgrade of the management and control mode.
In other words, the future Internet of Things devices will not only rely on voice control to operate, but will integrate and use artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, 5G and other technologies, so that even if we have an action, a look, an idea, and even if we are expressionless, the Internet of Things can understand our ideas.
Third, the embodiment of the "Internet of Things era" in daily life.
In recent years, with the continuous development of Internet of Things technology, it has been quietly integrated into our lives, ranging from routers, smart speakers and refrigerators to automobiles and industrial equipment, and more and more items have been connected to the Internet of Things.
3. 1 Smart Logistics
Smart logistics refers to the realization of system perception, comprehensive analysis and processing in all aspects of logistics, such as transportation, warehousing, transportation and distribution, with the support of information technology such as Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence. At present, the application in the field of Internet of Things is mainly reflected in three aspects: warehousing, transportation monitoring and express terminal.
The monitoring of goods and transport vehicles is realized through the Internet of Things technology, including the position and state of goods and vehicles, as well as the temperature and humidity, fuel consumption and speed of goods. The application of Internet of Things technology can improve the transportation efficiency and the intelligence level of the whole logistics industry.
2 3.2 Intelligent Transportation
Intelligent transportation is an important embodiment of the Internet of Things. Information technology closely combines people, vehicles and roads to improve the traffic environment, ensure traffic safety and improve resource utilization. The specific application fields of Internet of Things technology include intelligent bus, bicycle sharing, car networking, monitoring of charging piles, intelligent traffic lights, intelligent parking and so on.
3 3.3 Intelligent security
Security is a big application market of the Internet of Things, because security is always people's basic demand. Traditional security relies heavily on personnel and consumes a lot of manpower, while intelligent security can realize intelligent judgment through equipment.
At present, the core of intelligent security lies in the intelligent security system, which transmits and stores the captured images, and analyzes and processes them. A complete intelligent security system mainly includes
Three parts: access control, alarm and monitoring. Video surveillance is the main industry.
4 3.4 Intelligent Energy and Environmental Protection
Smart energy and environmental protection is a part of smart cities, and its Internet of Things applications mainly focus on energy sources such as hydropower, electric energy, gas and street lamps, as well as environmental protection equipment such as manhole covers and trash cans.
For example, the intelligent manhole cover monitors the water level and its status, the intelligent water and electricity meter realizes remote meter reading, and the intelligent trash can automatically senses. Internet of Things technology is applied to the networking of traditional water, electricity and light energy equipment. Through monitoring, the utilization efficiency is improved and the energy consumption is reduced.
5 3.5 intelligent medical care
In the field of intelligent medical care, the application of new technologies must be people-centered. Internet of things technology is the main way to obtain data, which can effectively help hospitals realize intelligent management of people and things.
Intelligent management of people refers to the monitoring of people's physiological state (such as heart rate, physical exertion, blood pressure, etc.). ) Through sensors, mainly medical wearable devices, the obtained data are recorded in electronic health records, which is convenient for individuals or doctors to use.
In addition, RFID technology can also monitor and manage medical equipment and articles, and realize the visualization of medical equipment and articles, mainly in digital hospitals.
6 3.6 Intelligent Building
Architecture is the cornerstone of the city, and the progress of technology promotes the intelligent development of architecture. People pay more and more attention to intelligent buildings based on new technologies such as Internet of Things. At present, intelligent buildings are mainly embodied in energy saving. Sensing, transmission and remote monitoring of equipment can not only save energy, but also reduce the operation and maintenance of construction personnel.
At present, intelligent buildings are mainly embodied in electric lighting, fire monitoring, intelligent elevators, building monitoring, termite monitoring and so on in the field of ancient buildings.
7 3.7 Intelligent Manufacturing
The concept of intelligent manufacturing subdivision is very broad, involving many industries. The manufacturing field has a huge market volume, and it is an important application field of the Internet of Things, which is mainly reflected in digital and intelligent factory transformation, including factory machinery and equipment monitoring and factory environment monitoring.
By installing corresponding sensors on equipment, equipment manufacturers can remotely monitor, upgrade and maintain the equipment anytime and anywhere, better understand the use of products, complete the information collection of product life cycle, and guide product design and after-sales service. The factory environment mainly collects information such as temperature, humidity and smoke sensation.
8 3.8 Smart Home
Smart home refers to the use of different methods and equipment to improve people's living ability and make the family more comfortable, safe and efficient. The application of Internet of Things in the field of smart home can monitor the position, status and changes of home products, analyze their changing characteristics, and give some feedback according to people's needs.
9 3.9 Intelligent Retail
According to the distance, retail in the industry is divided into three different forms: far-field retail, middle-field retail and near-field retail, which are represented by e-commerce, shopping malls/supermarkets, convenience stores/vending machines. Internet of things technology can be used for near-field and mid-field retail, mainly for near-field retail, namely unmanned convenience stores and automatic (unmanned) vending machines.
Intelligent retail creates an unmanned retail model by digitally upgrading traditional vending machines and convenience stores. Through data analysis, making full use of the passenger flow and activities in the store can provide better services for users and higher operational efficiency for merchants.
0 3. 10 intelligent agriculture
Smart agriculture refers to a brand-new agricultural production mode that deeply integrates modern information technologies such as Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and big data with agriculture, realizes information perception, precise management and intelligent control in the whole process of agricultural production, and can realize agricultural visual diagnosis, remote control and disaster warning.
The application of Internet of Things in agriculture is mainly reflected in two aspects, namely, agricultural planting and animal husbandry. Agricultural planting collects data through sensors, cameras and satellites to realize the development of digital crops and digital machinery and equipment (mainly referring to the networking of agricultural machinery and vehicles).
Animal husbandry refers to the use of traditional ear tags, wearable devices and cameras to collect data of livestock and poultry products. Through the analysis of the collected data, the algorithm is used to judge the health status, feeding situation, position information and estrus prediction of livestock and poultry products, and carry out accurate management.
Fourth, the future development trend of the Internet of Things
Internet of Things is another revolutionary development of information industry after computer, Internet and mobile communication, and it has been officially listed as one of the strategic emerging industries with national key development.
From smart security to smart grid, from the popularity of QR code to the landing of "smart city", as an emerging industry with high hopes, the Internet of Things is blooming everywhere, being applied to many industries and fields, and quietly affecting people's lives.
With the progress of technology and the improvement of related facilities, in the next few years, the localization of technology and standards, the systematization of operation and management, and the grassroots of industry will become the three major trends in the development of Internet of Things in China.
The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Inquiry Learning.